Transportation is the skeleton of the city. Through a city's transportation planning, it is often possible to glimpse its ambitions for future development.
Recently, Hangzhou released the "Hangzhou Comprehensive Transportation Special Plan (2021-2035)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Planning"), which plans Hangzhou's transportation system for the next 15 years.
Outwardly, Hangzhou continues to improve the accessibility with major cities across the country and the world; inward, Hangzhou plans to support the new spatial pattern of the "one core and nine stars" city with a more efficient transportation network, so that citizens can live and travel more conveniently and efficiently.
In the "Planning", there are not only high-rise strategies, such as building a gateway hub and making rapid cargo flow; there are also subtle optimizations, including the improvement of broken roads and parking lots.
<h4>Become a "gateway hub" for transportation</h4>
Improving Hangzhou's status as a hub in the national comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network to support the advancement of the city's energy level is one of the core purposes of Hangzhou's transportation planning.
The "Planning" proposes to build a "national 123 travel traffic circle", that is, 1 hour commuting in Hangzhou, 2 hours in Yangtze River Delta cities, and 3 hours coverage from Hangzhou to major cities in the country.
In recent years, with the improvement of the city's industrial energy level, Hangzhou has not only had close economic exchanges with the Yangtze River Delta cities, but also had close market interaction with urban agglomerations such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in some fields. In this development trend, it is urgent for Hangzhou to achieve more efficient external connectivity.
External access determines the depth of interregional cooperation. At present, the "Planning" puts forward the "gateway hub construction strategy", and the construction in the next five years will focus on highlighting the function of Hangzhou's gateway hub, carrying out the construction of large channels, and guiding the layout of various industrial platforms with regional traffic corridors as the axis.
Specifically, in terms of railways, Hangzhou should achieve 3-5 hours direct access to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Chengdu-Chongqing, middle reaches of the Yangtze River and other urban agglomerations and major cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, 2 hours to reach the major cities of the Yangtze River Delta, and interconnect with the major hubs of the Shanghai Railway, improve the urban (suburban) railway, and form a 1-hour traffic circle of the provincial and metropolitan areas.
Recent railway construction plans include the continuation of the Huhang-Hangzhou Railway, the Second Phase of the Hangzhou-Wenzhou Railway (Hangzhou-Yiwu Section), the Jinjian Railway, the Hangzhou-Qu Railway, the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway via Zhapu, the Shanghai-Hangzhou Intercity Railway, and the Nanjing-Hangzhou Railway Corridor II.
The above are all railway lines between cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and after the completion of the above railways, Hangzhou's ability to connect the cities in the Yangtze River Delta will be improved. Outside the Yangtze River Delta, aviation is still the main choice to quickly reach other cities.
It is worth noting that in addition to the expansion of Xiaoshan Airport, Hangzhou will also build a new railway Xiaoshan Airport Station.
The seamless transfer of air-rail intermodal transportation between airports and high-speed rail is the "standard" of many international airports, as well as Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport in China, as well as Frankfurt Airport in Germany and Heathrow Airport in the United Kingdom. For example, after the opening of the maglev line at Shanghai Pudong International Airport, the 1-hour commuting circle that travels by public transportation with Pudong Airport as the axis has doubled the proportion of urban residents that can be covered, which has greatly improved the convenience of residents traveling abroad.
In the future, the completion and opening of Xiaoshan Airport Station will also release the service capacity of Xiaoshan Airport to a greater extent and improve the efficiency of the airport's entry and exit into the hinterland of Hangzhou. With the implementation of the above plan, Hangzhou's urban accessibility will be further improved, and the circulation of talents, technology, knowledge and information between Hangzhou and major regions will be more convenient.
<h4>Link the world with "Fast Cargo Flow"</h4>
Hangzhou not only wants to more closely link key cities in China, but is also trying to gain a foothold in the global urban network.
Previously, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences released the 2020 China City Global Connection Competitiveness Report, which calculates the city's global connection index by six major indicators: aviation connection, network popularity, scientific research personnel contact, financial enterprise contact, technology enterprise contact and shipping connection.
In the ranking of the Global Connection Index, Hangzhou and Tianjin are tied for sixth place among domestic cities, preceded by Shanghai, Hong Kong, Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.
Judging from the above research, Hangzhou's global connection index has led the new first-tier cities, but it has not yet opened an absolute advantage, and there is still a certain distance from the previous five first-tier cities. How can we build on our strengths and continue to climb the global urban network? Fast cargo flow may become a major breakthrough in Hangzhou.
As we all know, globalization originated in the sea, and many of the world's famous cities now have more developed ports. Hangzhou does not have a large-scale port owned by Shanghai and Ningbo, but at present, global aviation has matured, and Hangzhou is a wonderful move to do Daxiaoshan Airport and cut into the "new track" of fast cargo flow relying on the airport.
Correspondingly, the "Global 123 Fast Cargo Flow Circle" is also written into the "Planning" - express mail arrives in 1 day in China, neighboring countries arrive in 2 days, and major cities around the world arrive in 3 days.
Specifically, Xiaoshan Airport, as an important support, will continue to build T4 terminal, build the third and fourth runways, and the east cargo area and the south cargo area. Focus on the development of direct routes between Europe and the United States, and encrypt routes and flights in Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia.
By 2035, there will be more than 100 international destinations, the proportion of international passenger throughput will increase to more than 20%, and the proportion of all-cargo aircraft in aviation will exceed 50%.
Under this plan, in the future, Xiaoshan International Airport will also "sword" the main hub of international air cargo in Zhejiang Province and the Yangtze River Delta air express distribution center, and strive to develop into a national air express center.
At the same time, Hangzhou also has a layout in terms of water transport, such as leveraging the surrounding large ports - strengthening the intermodal transport from Hangzhou Port to Zhapu Port and Ningbo Zhoushan Port, focusing on building a boutique inland river foreign trade container route, and strengthening the docking with Shanghai Port and ports along the Yangtze River Golden Waterway.
It is worth noting that Zhejiang Province has previously put forward the goal of "establishing a Zhejiang express logistics index and creating a global shipping logistics vane".
In this context, Hangzhou aims to develop a smart logistics industry track, give full play to the strong advantages of its own digital industry, in order to attract more high-quality resources representing the future development direction of the logistics industry to gather in Hangzhou, so as to build a regional international logistics center based on the Yangtze River Delta, radiating the whole country and linking the world and a smart logistics center with global influence.
<h4>Create a healthier lifestyle</h4>
"The value of transportation to cities is not only to provide people and things with the ability to move in space, but also to create and even guide a better living environment and a healthier lifestyle." Chen Xiaohong, a professor at the School of Transportation Engineering of Tongji University, mentioned.
In the era of increasing attention to human settlements, the livability of cities will also be included in the important considerations of talent settlement and industrial investment.
What is livable? Livability is not simply about planting trees and flowers, but about whether the details of the city meet the real needs of citizens. Discordant factors in large cities, such as traffic congestion and separation of work and housing, have been discussed for many years. But the key is how cities can optimize these problems little by little.
This is one of the starting points of Hangzhou's planning - through the coordination of transportation, space and industry, as far as possible to allow citizens to reduce long-distance travel, reduce the traffic demand in the core urban area, especially the total amount of passenger car traffic, to meet the needs of citizens to travel smoothly, and enhance the vitality of the street.
Among them, for the rail transit that the citizens are most concerned about, Hangzhou will launch the fourth phase of the urban rail transit project in the near future, and by 2035, the total mileage of the urban rail transit line network will reach more than 1100 kilometers, and rail transit will become the main body of public transportation travel and support the formation of a new spatial pattern in the city.
At the same time, the rapid linkage between the core urban area and the "Nine Star Cities" will also be completed by improving the urban (suburban) railway network and the rail express network, the urban general line network, and the regional line network of the precinct, so as to create "Hangzhou on the track".
In addition, in order to improve the connectivity of the space, Hangzhou also plans to open up more than 80 urban roads "broken roads". For the problem of parking difficulties, Hangzhou also provides a fine solution. In the recent construction plan, the core urban area will build public parking lots around areas with prominent parking contradictions such as old residential areas, schools, and hospitals, while the "Nine Star Cities" will focus on transfers - combining rail transit stations and passenger transportation hubs to build public parking lots.
In addition, the "Planning" also has a layout for "more leisurely" and more diversified modes of transportation such as slow travel systems and water passenger transport. For example, it is necessary to improve the integration of sidewalks and commercial facilities, encrypt greenways, gradually weaken the freight function of the core urban section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and transfer space to water passenger transport, tourism and transportation of urban living materials.
Overall, in the field of transportation involving residents' lives, the plan shows the characteristics of a more refined perspective and a more humane function. Hangzhou is also trying to improve the city's comprehensive energy level by creating a healthier urban lifestyle. According to the picture shown in the "Planning", hangzhou, as a water town in Jiangnan, will become a scenery in the future, and the citizens will take water buses and carry out water sports on the blue waves of Qiantang River and Qiandao Lake.
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