Author: Niu Yang Baodian reporter Li Zhixian Ye Dingze
For a long time, there has been a "prejudice" in the domestic animal husbandry industry: the northern region is more suitable for breeding cattle and sheep, and the main contribution of the southern region is the consumption of cattle and sheep products.
This view has been questioned by well-known people in the southern cattle and sheep industry. Whether the "northern breeding and southern breeding" is scientific or not, how can the southern cattle and sheep industry break through the cocoon into a butterfly and walk out of a path suitable for the development of the southern cattle and sheep industry?
Explore new ideas suitable for the development of cattle and sheep breeding in the south, and prove to the industry that the southern cattle and sheep industry is promising and must be repositioned. Recently, the reporter of the Southern Rural Daily Niu Yang Baodian interviewed Professor Wei Yingming, chairman of the Southern Cattle and Sheep Industry Technology System Alliance, chief expert of the Guangxi Beef and Sheep Industry Innovation Team, and dean of the Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute of Guangxi University, and Huang Jianli, vice president of the Guangxi Aquatic Animal Husbandry Association and president of Guangxi Jianli Think Tank Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. Hear from industry experts.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > won the battle of turning the seed industry around, and the cultivation of independent varieties in the south showed results</h1>
Policy support is the vane of industry development! In 2021, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee proposed for the first time to "fight the battle of turning the seed industry around", "vigorously implement the joint research of livestock and poultry breeds", and "actively develop the cattle and sheep industry". Wei Yingming said bluntly that these signals are a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for the cattle and sheep industry, and colleagues in the southern industry must understand the policy and seize the historical opportunity to make the southern cattle and sheep industry bigger and stronger.
Professor Wei Yingming, chief expert of Guangxi Beef and Sheep Industry Innovation Team and dean of the Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute of Guangxi University
At present, the state vigorously promotes the joint research of livestock and poultry breeds and solves the problem of "card neck" in the seed industry, and "southern breeding" is full of challenges and ushers in new development opportunities for the southern cattle and sheep industry.
In the modernization of agriculture, seeds are the foundation. Indeed, the seed source problem has long plagued the "pain point" of high-quality agricultural development, Huang Jianli told reporters, in addition to the "card neck" problem, the dependence on imports of seed sources will also make domestic breeding enterprises lose bargaining power, and it is difficult to buy the top genes. Cultivating distinctive local varieties is more meaningful, Huang Jianli believes that Guangxi Longlin cattle and black goats are very good breeds, with strong brand power and mining potential, which is also an important reason why he is optimistic about the development of cattle and sheep industry in Guangxi and even the south.
Huang Jianli, vice president of Guangxi Aquatic Animal Husbandry Association and president of Guangxi Jianli Think Tank Enterprise Management Co., Ltd
In a sense, the quality of varieties is the "ceiling" that determines the level of industrial development, and the level of breeding technology and management can be improved.
Guangxi has a long history of breeding cattle and sheep, and breed improvement is also one step ahead, Wei Yingming said. Guangxi's local cattle and sheep breeds are relatively rich in resources, with Longlin cattle, Weizhou cattle, Nandan cattle, Guangxi buffalo, Longlin black goat and Du'an goat and other very good local varieties, providing good seed resources for breed improvement.
Local cattle and sheep breeds in Guangxi (Photo by Professor Wei Yingming)
Wei Yingming revealed to reporters that at present, Guangxi has initially bred a hybrid combination of beef cattle and meat sheep breeds, with Simmental as the father and local breed Longlin yellow cattle and cows as the mother, hybridizing a generation of cows, and then using Limuzan or Angus as the father hybrid to breed a new strain with characteristics, and the beef cattle breeding rate has increased from 24.10% in 2015 to 38.70% in 2020. With Longlin black goat as the mother and Nubian goat as the father, a new hybrid breed was bred through ternary hybridization, and the breeding rate of meat sheep increased from 23.60% in 2015 to 58.06% in 2020.
Guangxi beef cattle and sheep breeding technology route (picture from Professor Wei Yingming)
In Wei Yingming's view, Guangxi should have the dominant varieties and characteristic varieties, which is also applicable to other provinces in the south, and at the same time hopes to carry out joint breeding work in the south and move forward towards the goal of "southern breeding and southern breeding". Of course, breeding work requires water milling work, and while we see little by little progress, we need to adhere to it for a long time and exert the ingenuity of breeding.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > technology and management two-wheel drive, making money is the last word</h1>
"Others fatten cattle grow three catties a day, you only grow one catty; others raise sheep to give birth to three, you only give birth to one, others earn money you only have a share of the loss", Wei Yingming humorously analyzed the reasons why many farmers do not have high income - the technology is not good.
Industrial development, technology first. Wei Yingming believes that technology needs to be adapted to local conditions, the southern beef cattle and sheep industry needs to develop their own nutritional standards, different breeds, different ages, different uses of cattle and sheep need to have refined nutritional standards, through efficient nutrient feed blending technology, regional low-cost feed quality improvement and efficiency technology and efficient breeding cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing technology, to achieve the purpose of reducing breeding costs.
Cattle and sheep feed should also be localized. Although there are many kinds of forage in the south, Wei Yingming does not recommend choosing too many types, he reminds farmers to choose 2-3 kinds of bulk forage that can be supplied in large quantities within 50km of the surrounding area, such as corn straw, processed by-products as a diet combination, to ensure a balanced supply of forage. Taking Guangxi as an example, Guangxi attaches great importance to the development of local forage, and the combination of planting pasture and using straw has achieved good results: the feed utilization rate of bulk straw such as sugarcane tail leaves in the whole region has increased from 13% to 20%, and the use of silage in large-scale farms has basically covered.
Guangxi has abundant resources of pasture, straw and processing by-products (Photo by Professor Wei Yingming)
The industry is stronger and management-driven. "Although the south does not have unique natural conditions to develop cattle and sheep, it does not mean that there is no opportunity to develop, the south is backed by the consumer market, and it has more opportunities to develop and grow through the blessing of science and technology + management." We cattle and sheep people really should not be arrogant and self-effacing," Huang Jianli said.
"There is no industry that does not make money, only people who do not know how to make money," Huang Jianli said frankly. He believes that for agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises, breeding technology is the foundation, operation and management is the guarantee, cattle and sheep breeding enterprises need technology + management two-wheel drive, enhance the "hematopoietic" function of enterprises and industrial chains, in order to achieve profit goals. If the cattle and sheep industry wants to develop with high quality, farmers also need to continue to increase their knowledge and continuously improve their management level while learning breeding technology.
The cattle and sheep industry in the southern region also has a good mass base, and the Guangxi Cattle and Sheep Development Conference attracted more than 700 industry participants
Huang Jianli believes that many cattle and sheep breeding enterprises in Guangxi have development bottlenecks such as vague development strategies, unsystematic landing tactics, unsecured cattle supply, too extensive management system, unscientific breeding technology, and too little talent cultivation. The process of cattle and sheep industry in Guangxi can be said to be a microcosm of the development of the cattle and sheep industry in the south, this road has a bright future but a long way to go, Huang Jianli sighed.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > the southern industry game can activate the vitality of the industry, and building a cow county can improve the industrial level of the provinces</h1>
In Wei Yingming's view, the cattle and sheep industries in the southern provinces have their own advantages, but they also have limitations, and it is difficult to have long-term development if they fight alone, and the strategic positioning of the southern provinces should be formed to achieve a pattern of complementary advantages and resource sharing. This requires the cooperation of the government, associations, industrial technology systems, as well as third-party think tanks, media (orientations) and other institutions.
Specific to the model of developing cattle and sheep industries in various places, it is also difficult to copy the idea of the north. Wei Yingming suggested the development of the "large-scale decentralized feeding" model, farmers raise cows, the company raises fat cattle, unlike the north of a single large-scale farm, the south is scattered as a family farm but the regional scale can also reach a larger amount of breeding.
Guangxi Du'anao Han sheep breeding base (Photojournalist: Ye Dingze)
Wei Yingming suggested that the southern provinces can build several industrial clusters such as cow counties, cow towns, and cow villages according to their own conditions, not only with the main production areas, but also by dividing the "expansion area" and "radiation area". At the same time, the development of the model of "combining planting and breeding" is an effective way to solve the problem of manure resource utilization. Wei Yingming told reporters that the south has high temperature, sufficient moisture, plants can grow all year round, and the consumption of organic fertilizer is also greater than that of the north, so the "combination of planting and breeding" is a very suitable breeding mode in the south, which not only solves the problem of manure resource utilization, but also produces more high-quality melons, fruits, vegetables, flowers, forage and other cash crops, which is a good thing to kill two birds with one stone.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > expert profile</h1>
Wei Yingming: Professor, Chairman of the Southern Cattle and Sheep Industry Technology System Alliance, Chief Expert of Guangxi Beef and Sheep Industry Innovation Team, Dean of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute of Guangxi University. His scientific research achievements have won 1 second prize of national scientific and technological progress, 1 first prize of Guangxi scientific and technological progress, 1 first prize of Guangxi natural science, 3 second prizes of Guangxi scientific and technological progress, 2 third prizes of Guangxi scientific and technological progress, 5 patents and more than 60 papers.
Huang Jianli: Vice President of Guangxi Aquatic Animal Husbandry Association, President of Guangxi Jianli Think Tank Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., And a Professor of the School of Management of Guangxi University for Nationalities. He has served as the human resources director and animal husbandry general manager of Huang's Group (listed company), and his management papers have been published in more than 100 journals such as "People's Forum", "Management Observation", "China Dairy Cow", "China Dairy" and many other journals, and published many management works such as "5M Management Practice", "China Ranch Management Practice", "Breaking the Cocoon into a Butterfly", and "Beef Cattle Whole Industry Chain Operation and Management Practice" will be published soon.