In the summer of 1954, Chairman Mao was working in Beidaihe, and after reading the words of Li Yu, the lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty, "Waves and Sands", he felt that the euphemism style was too sad, so he had the heart to make a bold poem by himself.
One day, Chairman Mao ignored the guards' persuasion and braved the thunderstorm to swim in the sea. After the swim, Chairman Mao wrote the famous "Langtaosha Beidaihe" with a pen, which was majestic and full of great man's demeanor.
In this poem, Chairman Mao borrows the scenery lyrically to have a dialogue with Cao Cao, the Emperor of Weiwu, more than 1,700 years ago, "across time and space". Moreover, Chairman Mao gave high praise to this "tyrant" of the Three Kingdoms period in his words.
After landing ashore, the skin on Chairman Mao's body was scratched by conch in many places, but he was full of laughter. He said to the staff: Conquer the urgency and danger, you are strong and it is weak. The enemy looks terrible, but there is nothing remarkable about it.
This poem, "Waves and Sands, Beidaihe," is Chairman Mao's only poem praising the sea. Let's take a look at it together.
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"Langtaosha Beidaihe"
Heavy rain fell on the swallows, white waves were fierce, and fishing boats outside Qinhuangdao. A vast ocean is gone, who do you know?
In the past, wei Wu waved his whip, and there was a posthumous chapter on the east side of jieshi. The autumn wind is now again, changing the human world.
Vernacular paraphrasing:
A storm landed on the land of Youyan. In the middle of the sea, typhoons roll up and white waves are fierce. The fishing boats in the sea outside Qinhuangdao were all engulfed by the ocean at this time, and they could not see a trace, and they did not know which side they were floating to?
Memories of the past, thousands of years apart. I think that at the beginning, Emperor Wu of Wei went on a crusade against Wuhuan, and when he returned, he went east to Jieshi and left a dazzling poem. Now, just like then, the autumn wind is depressed, and the flood waves are rising, but they have changed to a new human world.
Youyan refers to the ancient twelve states of Youzhou, that is, the area around present-day Hebei and Liaoning. The word "Youyan" is used in this poem to refer to the place near the Beidaihe River.
Here, Chairman Mao does not say "Beidaihe" but "Youyan" in order to show that this thunderstorm has fallen very large and covers an extremely wide range, which is the intention of the lyricists of the bold faction.
The first half of this poem is written about what Chairman Mao saw and heard while swimming in the Beidaihe River. At the same time as the thunderstorm fell, there was still a typhoon on the sea outside Qinhuangdao, so the white waves on the sea would be fierce.
What do the huge waves of a typhoon look like? People who have no experience of living by the sea are generally not very clear. In fact, the sea is "windless with three feet of waves, and there are windy waves that swallow mountains".
Some materials specifically introducing the background of the creation of this poem show that Chairman Mao "swam under the BeidaiHe River under the condition of a seven-level typhoon." However, it does not matter how big the typhoon was at that time, what matters is the meaning of the word.
Then, the third, fourth and fifth sentences write "fishing boats outside Qinhuangdao" to "know whose side", and what exactly is the "fishing boat" inside has always been controversial. One explanation holds that this "fishing boat" symbolizes the ship of the New Chinese Revolution.
The line of thought for this understanding is this: The revolution in New China is at a critical juncture, the environment is very dangerous, and it has encountered strong winds and waves. So how will the follow-up develop, let people have some confusion.
There is also a view that the "fishing boat" symbolizes the "cooperative" movement that China was carrying out at that time, as if it were surging forward in the midst of the raging waves of the sea.
Some people also believe that the "fishing boat" here symbolizes the revolutionary spirit of fishermen braving the rain to go out to sea and face the wind and waves. But in that kind of windy and rainy weather, it is against common sense for fishermen to go to sea.
Therefore, there is a general tendency to think that the "fishing boat" was a boat that Chairman Mao saw before the thunderstorm and was moored in the sea outside Qinhuangdao. Since it was a thunderclap, it must have come suddenly.
The waves rolled and engulfed the ship in the blink of an eye. So, were there any fishing people on the boat at that time? Chairman Mao's meaning in writing these three sentences is to express his concern for the fishermen on the boat.
Through these three poems, Chairman Mao prominently expressed the dangers encountered by fishermen under the environment of fierce winds and waves. At the same time, it also implies how small human beings are in the face of the great waves of history.
Ordinary people, facing the sea in a typhoon, will always feel fear. However, 1,700 years ago, Cao Cao, the Emperor of Weiwu during the Three Kingdoms period, liked to see the scenery on the sea.
In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207 AD), Cao Cao led an army to conquer Wuhuan in the north. In August of that year, the Great Destruction of Wuhuan was held in the White Wolf Mountain, and in September, the class was victorious. Chairman Mao's words "Wei Wu wielding a whip" refers to Cao Cao's northern expedition.
Chairman Mao's "Langtaosha Beidaihe" was created in the summer of 1954, but it was not written at one time. It was not completed until the autumn, almost in September of that year. Therefore, the words will be mentioned later in the "Autumn Wind is now again".
The time coincides with the time when Cao Cao broke the Wuhuan and returned triumphantly. Moreover, we can see that in the second half of the word, the meaning to be expressed by Chairman Mao is closely related to the content expressed in Cao Cao's "GuanCang Hai".
Therefore, in order to understand the words "Langtaosha Beidaihe", we must first understand Cao Cao's "Guancang Sea". The poem "GuanCang Hai" is the first of Cao Cao's "Step Out of the Summer Gate" group of poems.
Chairman Mao's "Last Chapter" in the "Leftovers of jieshi in the east" mentioned in "Langtaosha Beidaihe" actually refers to Cao Cao's "Guancang Sea". However, people who do not know the connection between the two works may not understand this very well.
In a certain program of the "Chinese Poetry Conference", there was a title, and the host Long Yang asked the contestants of the Hundred People Group which of the following verses was the "last chapter" in Chairman Mao's poem "Langtaosha Beidaihe" said that "there is a will in the east of Jieshi".
The three answers are: A, Lao Ji Futuo, the ambition is in a thousand miles; B, the autumn wind is depressed, the flood waves are rising; C, singing to the wine, life is geometric. The correct answer is "Autumn wind and depression, flood waves" in "Guancang Sea", and as a result, many people have not answered correctly.
So speaking of this, we must talk about Cao Cao's "Guancang Sea". Because everyone has already studied it in textbooks, I will briefly explain here what Chairman Mao meant when he mentioned "Guancang Sea".
The first poem in Cao Cao's "Walking Out of the Xia Men Xing", "Guancang Sea", has always had a high evaluation in the history of Chinese landscape poetry, and it is known as the opening work of our country's landscape poetry.
The Qing Dynasty man Shen Deliang's "Ancient Poetry Source" said that "Guancang Hai" had "the weather of swallowing the universe", and Cao Cao wrote it vigorously and quietly. It is also said that this poem is "self-opening and strange" in addition to the "Three Hundred Verses of the Book of Verses".
Cao Cao's "Guancang Sea" first uses the technique of white painting to outline the scene when the sea is calm. Then he wrote about the island's "trees and grass", but these scenery are actually just foreshadowing.
Because what Cao Cao really wanted to write in his heart was actually the famous sentence in the back: "If the sun and moon travel, if it is out of it; if the stars are brilliant, if it is out of it." He saw that the sun and the moon were rising from the sea in the east and sinking in the west, and at night, the sea reflected the brilliant stars in the Geng Geng Tianhe.
It is as if the whole universe is embraced by the sea. The sea is simply the farthest and most expansive thing in the world. That's why he wanted to "sing songs to Yongzhi".
So, what is Cao Cao's ambition? His ambition is to swallow the sun and the moon like the sea, and at the same time have the stars, the hundred rivers, the vast mind, and the lofty ambitions.
When Cao Cao first saw the calm sea, he aroused his ambition and pride; now Chairman Mao saw a sea in the wind and rain, and at the same time remembered Cao Cao's ambition and heart.
As we have already said, the time for the creation of Chairman Mao's poem has been delayed from summer to autumn, so the words are written "Xiao Ser autumn wind is now again."
Chairman Mao and Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms period came to the sea in the autumn breeze and depression season, so they also had the same mood and pride. The only difference is that they are separated by more than 1,700 years.
In many of Chairman Mao's poems, there is a sentence pattern of "changing people into others." However, in those poems, the meaning of this sentence often refers to the replacement of new and old societies, and in this "Langtaosha Beidaihe", the main emphasis is on a kind of replacement of different time and space.
In this poem "Langtaosha Beidaihe", Chairman Mao took this opportunity to praise Cao Cao, a hero of a thousand years ago.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="107" >2, the background of the creation of "Langtaosha Beidaihe"</h1>
To the southwest of Qinhuangdao in Hebei is beidaihe, which is a famous scenic tourist attraction. In the Ming Dynasty, Beidaihe was a shipping dock; at the end of the Qing Dynasty, it was designated as a summer resort.
In the early days of liberation, the office conditions of the central organs were not good, and Chairman Mao's residence did not have air conditioning. Therefore, in the summer heat, the central authorities found a place in Beidaihe to do office space.
In the summer of 1954, Chairman Mao went to Beidaihe to work. I lived from May to September of that year and went to the sea once a day to swim. The song "Langtaosha Beidaihe" was written during this time.
In previous articles, we have mentioned that Chairman Mao has always adopted a very cautious attitude toward the publication of his own works, and he does not write a poem casually, but publishes it easily, and always revises it repeatedly until he is satisfied.
Therefore, the publication of this song "Langtaosha Beidaihe" also went through a period of time. At the end of 1956, when Chairman Mao wrote a letter to Huang Yanpei, he mentioned two poems he had written, one of which was "Langtaosha Beidaihe".
At that time, the secretary of the Secretariat of the China Writers Association was Zang Kejia, because he wanted to serve as the editor-in-chief of the magazine "Poetry Journal". So Zang Kejia heard that Chairman Mao had written a poem, so he went to Chairman Mao to ask for it, and Chairman Mao was very hesitant at first, but later agreed to give it to Zang Kejia.
Chairman Mao wrote a letter to Zang Kejia and said: These are old-style words, and they do not have much poetry and have no characteristics. Since you think it can be published, do as you please. That's why the word came out.
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Regarding the creation of this song "Langtaosha Beidaihe", there is actually a small interlude. When Chairman Mao was in Beidaihe, one day, Chen Changjiang, commander of the guard company, accompanied Chairman Mao on a walk along the seashore and heard Chairman Mao recite Cao Cao's "Guancang Sea" repeatedly in his mouth.
Chen Changjiang was very curious, and Chairman Mao explained to Chen Changjiang that the authors of this word were Cao Mengde and Cao Cao. Chen Changjiang was surprised and said: "Isn't Cao Cao a traitor?" Do you still write poetry?
Chairman Mao laughed and said to Chen Changjiang: Cao Cao was a writer, a calligrapher, proficient in music, and Cao Cao's poems were very well written. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is unfair to say that Cao Cao is a villain, and it is unfair to blindly smear Cao Cao.
We look at historical figures and should be comprehensive. Cao Cao suppressed peasant uprisings and killed innocents, but he was stronger militarily, politically, and economically than the warlords he eliminated.
Moreover, the tun tian system promoted by Cao Cao, the salt and iron official sales and other measures, are very good. At the same time, Cao Cao attaches great importance to talents, and for talented people, they do not distinguish between nobles and lows, and treat them equally.
Therefore, we can see from here that Chairman Mao's appreciation of Cao Cao is not blindly appreciative, nor is it a negation of "everyone following the clouds." Chairman Mao admired mainly Cao Cao's poetic talents, as well as his lofty ambitions and the mind of Hai Na Bai chuan.