Mao'er Mountain Green Ocean Correspondent Jiang Debin photographed
Tang Zhongxiang, director of the management office of the reserve (second from the left), presents cash crops to the villagers in the community Correspondent Hu Guifang photo
Chinese nature conservation expert Tang Xiaoping (photographer) inspects Mao'er Mountain and reporter Wen Ye photographs
Missionary personnel enter the campus to popularize ecological protection knowledge Correspondent Hu Guifang photo
Mao'er Mountain "Treasure of Zhenshan" hemlock
The forest musk, a nationally protected animal living on Cat Mountain
The harmony between man and nature photo by reporter Wen Ye
Mao'er Mountain is full of flowing springs and waterfalls photographed by reporter Wen Ye
Green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains. Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve, in the construction of ecological civilization, does not forget the original intention, forge ahead, has achieved excellent results, in 1999 was listed as a member of the China Biosphere Reserve Network, by the "China Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan" as a priority protection area; in 2000 was named the national protection of the Mother River Action Ecological Education Base; in 2003 was promoted to a national nature reserve; in 2005 was named as the national forestry science education base In 2006, it was listed as one of the first batch of national nature reserve demonstration units by the State Forestry Administration; in 2011, it was approved by UNESCO to join the World Network of Man and Biosphere Reserves; and in 2019, it was rated as a forest oxygen bar in China.
Q Li where is it clear as promised? Only the source of living water comes
On April 25, 2021, General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected and investigated in Guilin. In the shot, the Li River is hazy with smoke and rain, the river water is clear to the bottom, the green bamboo on both sides of the strait, the green mountains are stacked, and general secretary Xi Jinping on the cruise ship smiles and waves with the tourists who pass by from time to time. During this inspection and investigation, the general secretary pointed out: Guilin's landscape and water are under the heavens, and the Li River is a treasure given by nature to the Chinese nation, and it must be well cared for. The whole of China and the whole world is such a treasure, don't destroy it.
The picturesque Li River originates from the alpine wetlands of the Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve. Mao'er Mountain is the main peak of YuechengLing in the Nanling Mountains, with an altitude of 2141.5 meters, and has the reputation of "the top of South China". Mao'er Mountain is a green natural reservoir in the upper reaches of the Li River, the first high mountain crossed by the Red Army's Long March, here is a vast primeval forest, here is a sea of valleys and clouds, here are flowing springs and waterfalls, there are Cat Mountain salamanders, black bears, southern hemlocks and other countless rare wild animals and plants breed here.
If there is no Cat Mountain, there will be no Li River, and there will be no Guilin landscape under the heavens. Therefore, people say: Mao'er Mountain is the heart of the Li River and the lifeblood of the Guilin landscape!
Generations of people in the management office of Maoershan National Nature Reserve have adhered to the front line of ecological protection with youth and enthusiasm, and have made outstanding contributions to ensuring the long flow of clear water of the Li River. It is precisely because of the green mountains and green waters of Mao'er Mountain that there is a beautiful landscape of today's Li River "clearly seeing the top of the green mountain, and the boat is going up the top of the green mountain".
45 years of ups and downs, integrated into the world biosphere
On the map of China, there is a "green pearl" on the south side of the Tropic of Cancer, which is the Maoershan Nature Reserve established in 1976. From the satellite cloud view, this is a vast area of 15,158 hectares of primary forest, with a forest coverage rate of 96.48%. The weathering carvings of nature for hundreds of millions of years have made the mountain full of stone peaks, cliffs, and other landform landscapes such as strange peaks, cliffs, and boulders can be seen everywhere. Here the mountains and rivers are magnificent, the scenery is beautiful, the forest sea is connected with the sea of clouds, and the cliffs and waterfalls shine together, showing endless ecological charm. Mao'er Mountain connects the two major river systems of China's Pearl River and Yangtze River, and there are as many as 39 large and small rivers originating from Mao'er Mountain, of which the famous Li River, Zi River and Xun River all originate from Mao'er Mountain.
In the past when the mountains are far away and the traffic is blocked, Mao'er Mountain is like a hidden green pearl. The establishment of the Li River Water Conservation Forest Protection Station, the predecessor of mao'ershan National Nature Reserve, originated from an accident.
In 1974, the road to the top of Mao'ershan Mountain was completed and opened to traffic, and during the construction of the Mao'ershan Highway, a southern hemlock forest located in the alpine basin of Bajiaotian was discovered by road construction workers, which then attracted the attention of the competent authorities. After organizing the ecological protection personnel to investigate, it was found that this alpine basin, which is wrapped by 8 peaks above 1900 meters above sea level, is a typical river source landform, full of evergreen broad-leaved forests, streams and rivers, dense ponds, soft and deep mud and peat soil, containing millions of square water sources, an area of 240 hectares, this large natural reservoir is worthy of attention and protection. For a long time throughout the year, Mao'er Mountain transports a steady stream of clear springs to the beautiful Li River and other rivers.
In order to protect this large natural reservoir, in 1976, the Guangxi District People's Government established the Mao'ershan Water Conservation Forest Protection Station on the mountain. This is a milestone in the protection of the water source of the Li River, and it is also the main measure for Guilin to play the role of ecosystem services and maintain the health of the ecosystem. In 1982, Mao'ershan established Guangxi District Nature Reserve. In January 2003, with the approval of the State Council, Maoershan Nature Reserve was promoted to a national nature reserve. In June 2011, with the approval of UNESCO, Maoershan National Conservation Area joined the World Network of Man and the Biosphere Reserve.
How to protect the unique ecological resources and ensure the safety of the water source forest at the source of the Li River, generation after generation of Maoershan Nature Reserve people have given the answer with their original intentions and hard work. After 45 years of construction, a total of 13 management stations have been set up within the scope of the protected area, and through the standardized construction of management sites and the standardized management of personnel, the efficient patrol monitoring and management system has been used to incorporate the attendance of management station management personnel, patrol trajectory and incident reporting into the patrol management system, and an iron army of ecological protection has been established. They have been climbing mountains and mountains for many years, patrolling mountains and protecting forests; they use modern unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out ecological protection management by means of low-altitude remote sensing and 4G equipment video image information transmission; they go to villages and households, publicize laws and regulations to the community, and make every effort to create a protection "barrier" for biodiversity ecological management in protected areas.
New opportunities for eco-tourism and new challenges for ecological protection
In 2012, the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China incorporated the construction of ecological civilization into the overall layout of the "five-in-one" socialist cause with Chinese characteristics, and for the first time took "beautiful China" as the grand goal of ecological civilization construction. At the same time, ecotourism is becoming a hot spot in the world tourism industry, a tourism fashion. The ecological protection and development of Mao'er Mountain is facing new opportunities and challenges of the times.
At this time, green development has become a new development concept of Maoershan Nature Reserve. The magnificent scenery of Mao'er Mountain, the beautiful lines of the towering clouds, the light and shadow of the deep valley of the cloud steaming Xiawei attract people who come to eco-tourism, and the lush life world nurtured by the mountains attracts experts and scholars from all walks of life to explore and study.
Since Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve joined the World Network of Man and Biosphere Reserves, challenges and opportunities have coexisted. With the help of this platform, through the implementation of the sustainable development strategy, making full use of the international channel of the Man and the Biosphere Plan, and striving for effective funding and support, the Management Office of the Protected Area has achieved a series of scientific research results, realizing the common development of nature conservation and economic and social development, so that the ecological environment, the protection of species and the resource utilization needs of local residents and cultural traditions can be coordinated, so that the Maoershan Nature Reserve can embark on the road of sustainable development.
General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed: As long as we adhere to ecological priority and green development, perseverance and long-term achievements, we will certainly be able to turn green waters and green mountains into golden mountains and silver mountains. After decades of development and exploration, Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve is now not only green water and green mountains, but also Jinshan Yinshan. In Gaozhai Village, Liyuan Waterfall, Longtang River and other eco-tourism scenic spots at the foot of Mao'er Mountain, red tourism and the ecological industry of farmhouses and homestays have driven the economic development here. Tourists who come here to visit are interested in the fresh air and pleasant ecological environment.
People take root here, guard here, feel happiness in the green ecology, and everywhere is a beautiful picture of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
Ecological awareness is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and the fruits of ecological construction are shared
In recent years, in Zhongdong Village, Xiaojiang Village, Rongjiang Town, Xing'an County, and Pingzhai Village, Chetian Miao Nationality Township, Resource County, there have been cases of black bears scratching villagers, stealing chickens, and stealing honey raised by villagers, monkeys and wild boars have frequently broken into surrounding community villages, which has also brought certain property losses to local villagers, but people with enhanced awareness of ecological protection have never hunted and injured them, and some injured animals such as hairy-crowned deer and small black bears have also been rescued by surrounding villagers.
Over the years, the harmonious sharing of ecological construction and development results by the communities around Mao'ershan is inseparable from the in-depth implementation of General Secretary Xi Jinping's ecological concept by the staff of Mao'ershan Nature Reserve. In the past few years, the management office of the reserve has vigorously cracked down on and curbed poaching with two hands, one hand, and the other hand, through community co-construction activities, to improve the awareness of ecological protection of the broad masses of the people, mobilize everyone to actively participate in the joint construction of ecological civilization, and strive to protect the green mountains and green waters of Mao'er Mountain, while also allowing the surrounding people to share the development results of ecological construction.
In Longtang Village, Huajiang Yao Nationality Township, the canyon is deep and the water is clear, which is the place where the Red Army's Long March crossed the old mountain boundary along the Lei Gong Rock. With the rise of red tourism, eco-tourism and folklore experience tourism, this red hot land has been revitalized. The party members and cadres of the Management Office of Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve and the teachers of the Municipal Tourism Vocational Secondary School sent teachers to the countryside to provide meticulous services for the community to carry out ecological education and training, and boosted the rapid development of rural eco-tourism in Longtang village.
The forestry income of 16 administrative villages in the surrounding communities of Mao'ershan Nature Reserve is the main source of income for the residents of the surrounding communities, which to a certain extent increases the pressure on the protection of forest resources in the reserve, and the management office of the reserve uses the successful experience of the implementation of the GEF project community development project to raise funds from all parties, and selects 7 points around the reserve to guide the development of ecological green projects such as beekeeping, konjac planting, seedling cultivation and so on. In the surrounding areas of Lipanzhai, Fenghuangzhai and Lidong, a total of 3 natural villages close to the protected area were selected for pollution-free rice planting, requiring the land to be relatively concentrated and contiguous, the application of organic fertilizer and the use of biological control technology planting mode, and the stocking of grass carp in the planting rice field, the hiring of experts to provide technical guidance and training, and the demonstration of pollution-free rice planting, all of which achieved good results.
Relying on the good ecological resources of the reserve, in recent years, the management office of the reserve has funded the masses of three natural villages of Gaozhai, Tongren and Jinshi to develop 190 acres of pollution-free ecological tea planted under the moso bamboo forest, which has improved the production and living conditions of the villagers, reduced the villagers' dependence on the natural resources of the reserve, and provided a model for exploring sustainable development.
After years of community co-construction and co-management, through a series of measures such as support, training and demonstration, the people around the reserve have gradually changed the traditional concept of relying on mountains and eating mountains in the past, starting homestays, running farms, planting pollution-free tea leaves, raising local characteristic ecological fish, earning more and more year, and truly enjoying the dividends brought by ecological construction.
Year after year, the cadres and workers of the Management Office of the Mao'er mountain nature reserve do good things for the masses and do practical things for the masses, and exchange their sincerity for the trust and support of the masses. The people who live at the foot of Mao'er Mountain are also proud of being born and raised in Si, and they have personally experienced the truth that "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains".
When ecology prospers, civilization prospers, and ecological protection rises to a new level
Walk in the Mao'er Mountain Conservation Area, which is full of green water and green mountains. This masculine mountain is the Garden of Eden for rare flora and fauna, which has clouds and mist that are tender all year round, and it also nurtures beautiful rivers. The most precious thing about Mao'er Mountain is that it retains a complete ecosystem, and the dense forest vegetation conserves a water source, provides a superior living environment for wild animals and plants, and plays an important role in the balance of the ecosystem in the Lingnan region. These achievements are the result of the selfless dedication of the people of the reserve.
Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve is rich in biodiversity, a "paradise" for wild animals and plants and a gene pool for natural species. At present, there are a total of 2484 species of vascular plants known in the area in 210 families and 877 genera, of which the national first-level protected wild plants include bell calyx, southern yew and yew, and 14 species of national second-level protected wild plants include thrush, horsetail tree and Minnan. There are 345 species of wild vertebrates in 30 orders, 94 families, 228 genera and 345 species in the reserve, of which 12 species of national first-class protected wild animals include golden leopard, clouded leopard, white-necked long-tailed pheasant, forest musk, pangolin, cat mountain salamander, amount finches, yellow-breasted bunting, jackal, big spirit cat, small civet cat and golden cat, and 60 species of second-level protected wild animals include giant salamander, Tibetan chief monkey and black bear. It is a veritable kingdom of flora and fauna, known as the "green treasure trove" of China's Nanling Mountains.
In recent years, the construction project of forest fire prevention monitoring system in the reserve has been continuously improved, giving full play to the role of four fire monitoring points at the top of the mountain, Ladder Ridge, Ciping and Maozhu Mountain, and the field video surveillance tower, grasping the dynamic changes of resources, and establishing a monitoring "sky net" for the forest fire management and biodiversity scientific research and monitoring of Mao'er Mountain.
Mao'ershan Nature Reserve strengthened key scientific research, signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with the Guangxi Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and carried out a series of scientific research activities to investigate and monitor the animals and plants of Mao'ershan and collect specimens; the image and picture data collected through infrared cameras became an important basis for scientific research and important data for science popularization; and the national positioning observation and research station of the forest ecosystem at the source of the Li River in Guangxi province was used to promote project cooperation and talent exchanges.
The publicity and education work of the protected area keeps pace with the times, and on the basis of building the hardware of the mission center and the nature education route, a series of natural science popularization activities such as "The Eye of the Secret Realm" are carried out; publications such as "The Voice of Mao'ershan Mountain" and "Mao'ershan Nature Observation Manual" are printed to promote the new development of nature education; the combination of new media and print media is used to widely publicize the construction of ecological civilization; combined with traditional culture and ethnic habits, using mountain songs, dances and other forms to carry out environmental awareness education and publicity in the community. It has improved the recognition and support of all sectors of society for the management of nature reserves.
With the attention of leaders at all levels and the efforts of the management office of the protected area, in recent years, the ecological protection effect of the Mao'ershan National Nature Reserve has reached a new level. According to the "Assessment Report on Forest Ecosystem Service Functions in Mao'ershan Nature Reserve", the annual regulated water volume of Maoershan forest ecosystem is nearly 100 million tons, the total value of purified water quality is 264.4105 million yuan, and the total value of the annual protected biodiversity of the forest ecosystem in the reserve is 285.8535 million yuan. Mao'er Mountain not only provides the resources and environmental conditions needed for human production and life, but also provides multi-faceted service functions, such as water conservation, soil conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, air purification, biodiversity protection, cultural functions and other support functions, which play an important role in maintaining the ecological security and sustainable economic and social development of the Li River Basin.
Jointly protecting the landscape of Guilin, protecting the source of the Li River, and maintaining the safety of the cat mountain ecosystem are the heavy responsibilities shouldered by the protectors of cat mountain. In the new journey of ecological protection, the protectors of Mao'er Mountain have been passed down from generation to generation, and they have worked hard for a long time, and they are constantly writing a new chapter in the harmonious development of man and nature with the determination and courage to leave a mark on the stone and grasp the iron marks!
Wen Ye, a reporter of this newspaper, and Li Siqin, a correspondent