During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin State was the first military power at that time. From the hegemony of Duke Wen of Jin in 632 BC to the truce of Jin and Chu in 546 BC, the hegemony of the Jin state lasted for more than 80 years. In this era, the Jin Dynasty was full of talents, hanging all kinds of princely states, even the old rival Chu State for more than half a century, only had the advantage in the era of King Zhuang of Chu. For the Jin state, the Chu state lost more than it won. However, such a powerful Jin state, more than a hundred years after the meeting of the soldiers, completely disintegrated, becoming the three major princely states of Han, Zhao, and Wei, leaving only the Duke of Jin's lost and pitiful territory [embarrassing laughter] Many people said that if the Jin state did not divide its families, it would not be the Qin state that would be unified. So, why did the "three families divide the Jin", why did the Jin monarch completely lose his power? The author will sort out and analyze several key events one by one, and talk about my own opinions.
Key event 1: Quwodai Wing
The landmark event of the rise of the Jin dynasty was the Quwo Daiyi Incident from about 739 BC to 678 BC. There is a theory that Qu Wo Daiyi, Xiaozong's annexation of Dazong (the separation of the family and the destruction of the family), is the beginning of the collapse of the libido.
According to Shi Zai, the ancestor of the Jin Dynasty was Tang Shuyu, the younger brother of King Cheng of Zhou. Tang Shuyu (唐叔虞), courtesy name Yu (姬), was enfeoffed in the ancient Tang Dynasty (in present-day Shanxi, where the exact location is disputed), hence the name Tang Shuyu. Tang Shuyu's descendants spread out in the local area, and there were two concubines in the Generation of The Marquis of Jin: the older brother was named Qiu, who was the later Marquis Wen of Jin; and the younger brother was named Chengshi, known as Quwo Huanshu. After their father's death, Gongzi Qiu and his younger brother Chengshi were expelled from the country by their uncle Jin. Four years later, the brothers led their cronies back to their hometown, killed Uncle Dang, and Marquis Wen of Jin took the throne. So early in the jin dynasty, it happened that the uncle seized the nephew's position. It can be seen that the succession of the Jin dynasty has long contained huge unstable factors. Marquis Wen of Jin, together with Duke Wu of Zheng and Duke Xiang of Qin, made great contributions to protecting King Ping of Zhou, and ten years later killed King Zhou, ending the ten-year-long situation of the two kings of the Zhou royal family. He was so powerful and promising that he crushed his brother to death during his reign until the age of Ichigo died.
As soon as Marquis Wen left, the heir Jin Zhaohou (Mingbo) did something strange. He gave Quwo (quwo county, Shanxi) as a fief to his uncle Chengshi. This Qu Wo was unbelievable at that time, the size of the town was larger than the Jinguo Capital Wing [stunned] This is equivalent to you dealing with your potential opponent, you do not limit him, weaken his strength, but feed him, let him breed ambition [vomit blood] This matter caused a lot of complaints, the idiom "strong stem and weak branch" came from this. Since then, the elder has become a master and become Uncle Qu Wo Huan, who is more than fifty years old [shocked] Uncle Qu Wo Huan has the ability and morality, the prestige is very high, and he is good at winning people's hearts. In just a few years, Quwo's power grew rapidly.
The flesh pink zone of the red circle is Quwo, and the red zone of the blue circle is the wing, and Quwo is larger than the wing
In 739 BC, Marquis Zhaohou of Jin was killed by the chancellor Pan Father. Uncle Qu Wo Huan Star Eyes: Wow! Ah [surprise] the opportunity in front of you is ready to seize power. Then, he was thrown away by the courtiers who supported the office. Father Pan was killed, and Marquis Zhao's son (Mingping) was made the prince of the state, the Marquis of Jin, which is not much recorded. Uncle Qu Wo Huan died 8 years later. This was the first battle in which the side branch of the Jin Dynasty tried to replace the concubines.
Qu Wo Huan's son Qu Wo Zhuang Bo (famous eel) vows to carry forward his wish to replace the concubines! In his lifetime, he tirelessly, steadily and orderly carried out the cause of attacking Wing City [struggle] once he failed, and he would do it again! He conducted two high-impact military operations:
The first time, in 724 BC, Zhuang Bo sent people to Yicheng to kill the Marquis of Jin, and the angry Jin people shouted: We ask for international assistance! Xun Guo and other princes responded: Brothers come! The battle was not won, and Zhuang Bo had to return to Quwo. Marquis Xiao's younger brother Hao became the Marquis of Jin. It ends with Chuang Bo eating up.
The second time, in the spring of 718 BC, Zhuang Bo bribed the Zhou royal family to join forces with Zheng Guo and Xing Guo to attack Yicheng, and King Huan of Zhou sent two subordinates, Yin Shi and Jia Shi, to strengthen the Qu Wo army. The Marquis of Jin was defeated and ran to Suiyi (遂邑, southeast of present-day Jiexiu, Shanxi), which was very strange, and there was no whereabouts of him after the history books. But soon, Zhuang Bo and King Huan of Zhou had a conflict. In the autumn of that year, King Huan of Zhou sent Gong Yu to lead an army to attack Zhuang Bo, who was defeated and returned to his hometown in ashes. King Huan made Guang, the son of Marquis E, the Prince of Jin, the Marquis of Jin. Chuang Bo was stunned again [punching in the face]
Probably too much of a blow from the defeat, two years later, Zhuang Bo died, and his son Ji took the throne as the Duke of Wu. Within a year, while Zhuang Bo's funeral was still in place, the Marquis of Jin attacked Quwo, duke Wu hurriedly asked for peace, and Marquis Wu withdrew. After 6 years, the Marquis of Sorrow confiscated the fields of the domestic doctors, and the doctors who had taken away their family property were so angry that they begged for help from Wu Gong: Please come and beat up that shit! The following year, Duke Wu defeated The Marquis of Wu's army at Fenshui, and the Marquis of Sorrow fled, was caught up halfway, and became a prisoner of the Duke of Wu. On the other side of the wing city, the son of the Marquis of Sorrow (yes, this prince's name boy) was appointed as the monarch. Seeing that the Marquis of Waihou had no use value, Duke Wu asked his protégé Han Wan to do it. Han Wan was the ancestor of the later Warring States Korea. After another 4 years, Xiaozi Hou was also booby-trapped by Wu Gong [vomiting blood] Xiao Hou, Ehou Hou, Aihou Hou, and Xiao Zi Hou were all killed by the Qu Wo family, and the Jin monarch of this wing city was really a high-risk occupation [fear]
Because King Huan of Zhou was a powerful son of heaven, he still had a lot of appeal to the princely states. In 703 BC, the five kingdoms of Yu, Rui, Liang, Xun, and Jia rebelled against Quwo. Wu Gong was beaten violently and was much quieter. Therefore, he switched to the tactic of co-optation, and let his crown prince trick the emperor into marrying the daughter of the king of Jia. After 19 years of hard work, in 684 BC he destroyed the great trouble in the heart of xunguo. Five years later, he attacked Yicheng and killed Marquis Of Jin (the fifth of whom [Tear Ben]). For more than half a century, the Quwo family experienced five key battles and won a complete victory. The following year, Wu used treasures to bribe the King of Zhou (one of the largest bribery cases [knocking]) more than 2,000 years ago), was recognized, and officially became the monarch of the Jin Dynasty, known in history as the Duke of Jinwu, and the Quwo Daiyi Incident ended. Wu Gong took advantage of the victory to pursue and destroyed Jia Guo, Yang Guo, and so on hanging at the top of his head. After another year, Wu Gong, who had fulfilled his lifelong wish, died of illness without regret.
Quwo dai wing a year or two later in the Jin territory
The impact of the Quwo Daiyi incident on the future of the Jin Dynasty was far-reaching. It is one of the largest incidents of the collateral clan devouring the concubine lineage since the Establishment of the Zhou Dynasty (the Shang Dynasty is mostly brother and brother), and there may not even be one of them [nose picking] that is not a long lineage, and the status lacks legitimacy. What is the matter, as soon as the evil mouth is opened, posterity rushes to follow suit, that is, the so-called "broken window effect". The ancestors and themselves did this, then on a certain day of a certain year, other clans could also follow the example of the ancestors and beat their own families, and if their families were not good, they would fall into the fate of the five generations of Jin Marquis who were killed [fear], so the descendants of the Duke wu of Jin began to fear other clans. Since Duke Wu's crown prince Jin Xiangong, the butcher's knife has been constantly swung at the clan relatives.
Key Event 2: The Fall of the Clan
In fact, the Quwo Dai Wing was also the starting point for the rise of the Jin Dynasty. During the Jin Dynasty, the territory of the Jin state expanded rapidly. According to statistics, he annexed 17 princely states, and 38 princely states were subject to the Jin state. The famous idiom false way of cutting is that he did a good thing [cool drag] but is not the focus of this article, first skipped.
In 669 BC, the Grand Master Shi Huan said to the Gong Gong: "Therefore, there are many princes in the Jin Dynasty, and they are not condemned, and chaos arises." "This is exactly what it means to be dedicated. Xian Gong began to lay a fierce hand! The descendants of Qu Wo Huan and Qu Wo Zhuang Bo were all wiped out [kneeling] And Xian Gong was one of Uncle Huan's great-grandsons, and if he wanted to extinguish the door, he would start from his uncle's grandfather's generation at the earliest according to his generation. According to the author's personal speculation, at that time, Jin Xiangong's various grandfathers, uncles, uncles, brothers and brothers may have been really many, which made him feel like a fish in his throat at all times. If he is mentally unhealthy, suspicious and anxious, maybe every grandfather and uncle is in his eyes: you, you have to eat the widow! You want to take the seat of the widow! According to his later measures against his sons, he may have had serious psychological problems in this regard. As for Wing City, it is estimated that in order to prevent another rebellion, it has been uprooted [petrified] personal speculation. This is the means that many monarchs will take.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the clans were all exterminated at every turn, so those clan relatives must have really killed everything, and those who could run had already hidden far away. Later generations like Jin Xiangong did so, such as the Jin Dynasty's Completed Yan Liang almost wiped out the descendants of Jin Taizong's Completed Yan Sheng [fear] (but The Completed Yan Liang is a king, without him the Jin Dynasty can not live for a few years, off topic).
Soon, Jin Xiangong extended his hand to his sons again. This is the famous historical event of the Jin Dynasty: the Rebellion of Li Ji. The story begins in 672 BC, when Xiangong attacked Li Rong (a clan in present-day Lintong, Shaanxi), and gained Li Ji and her sister Shao Ji, who were very fond of the sisters (Zhao Feiyan, Zhao Hede: Ah Sneeze!). ）。 Li Ji gave birth to a son Xi Qi, and Shao Ji gave birth to Zhuo Zi (the old son of Gong Xian). Li Ji is very ambitious and wants her son to become the monarch. Mingli flattered the crown prince Shensheng, and secretly fanned the flames in front of Xiangong [see] Xiangong sent Shensheng to Quwo, Zhong'er (Jin Wengong) to Pudi, Yiwu to Qudi, leaving Xi Qi by his side. The specific process is not repeated, in short, later, the contradiction between Shen Sheng and Xiangong intensified. In 656 BC, Li Ji seduced Shen Sheng and secretly manipulated the food that Shen Sheng had offered to his father, falsely claiming that the poison was born to Shen Sheng. Furious, Shen Sheng fled back to Quwo, unable to defend himself and committing suicide.
Heavy Ear and younger brother Yiwu, who were only about 15 years old at the time, were frightened by the fate of their eldest brother and fled back to the fiefdom. Xian Gong was angry, and felt that the two filial pieties had turned against him [angry] (are you not forcing them?). ), send troops to attack. The incident ended with Chong'er fleeing to the State of Zhai a year later, and YiWu fleeing to the State of Liang two years later. In 651 BC, Duke Wen died, and Li Ji took control of the government and was overthrown. The ministers welcomed back Yiwu as the king, that is, the Duke hui of Jin.
Jin Huigong did not want his brother to return to China, forcing his heavy ears to live outside for a total of 19 years. After his brother's death, Zhong'er returned to his hometown, and out of some scruples, he sent his sons abroad. For example, his younger son Hei Ji (Jin Chenggong, whose mother was a female patriarch of the Zhou Dynasty) was a hostage in the Zhou Dynasty for many years, Du Qisheng's son Yong stayed in the Qin State for many years, and Zhao Dun's two cousins Bo Kui and Shu Liu (their mother Ji Kui was the sister of Zhao Dun's mother Shu Kui, so they were uncles and cousins) were left in their hometown [Black Line] by Duke Wen, and whenever the new emperor took the throne, his brothers had to run abroad.
The harm of such measures to the Jinguo Gongfu itself was enormous. The clan was indeed a threat to the concubines, because in later zhengguo there was an excessive threat to the clan (please find Zheng Guo Qimu). However, the clan is also the wing of the concubine family, and it is an important chip to maintain the status of the concubine family. Qin II Hu Hai killed all his brothers, and when he was finally killed by Zhao Gao, none of the clans were willing to help him.
The clan was weakened by the Jinguo Gongfu itself, giving outsiders an opportunity to take advantage of it. Therefore, the Qing forces stepped onto the stage of the Jin Dynasty and laid the foreshadowing of the three branches of the Jin Dynasty.