Lao Qin said yesterday in the article "Chairman Mao's lost poem, only two sentences have been circulated, the momentum is magnificent, and no one has been able to continue it so far" that Chairman Mao likes to write poetry, but it is a simple like, a liking without utilitarian purposes, and it is not like some people now, every time they write a poem, they carefully copy it in a diary or notebook, and try their best to seek publication.
Chairman Mao's poems are all poems that come out of nowhere and are felt.
After writing, either alone to taste, or to show to others, rarely save the manuscript.
At present, we have checked that there are "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao," "Thirty-Seven Poems of Chairman Mao," "One Hundred Poems of Chairman Mao," and even "One Hundred and Fifty Poems of Chairman Mao, and even a collection of poems of Chairman Mao in different versions and different styles.
Therefore, the order of publication of these poetry collections is from "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" to "Thirty-Seven Poems of Chairman Mao", then to "One Hundred Poems of Chairman Mao", and then to "One Hundred and Fifty Poems of Chairman Mao".
That is to say, the latter collection of poems published is based on the previously published poetry collection, and the newly collected poems of Chairman Mao are added to the publication.
The publication of these collections of poems was not Chairman Mao's original intention.
When Zang Kejia, the editor-in-chief of The Poetry Journal, the first poetry journal in New China, wanted to publish eight of Chairman Mao's poems in the inaugural issue in 1936, Chairman Mao wrote to him, saying, "I have always been reluctant to publish these things officially."
Because of the ardent expectations of the masses of the people, chairman Mao did not want his poems to be passed on by word of mouth by the masses to cause too many discrepancies in words, so he decided to "publish a final draft" to clear the source.
But then again, of the many editions of Chairman Mao's poetry collections currently on the market, only "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" and "Thirty-Seven Poems of Chairman Mao" were personally reviewed and revised by Chairman Mao, that is, the collections in them are definitely The real works of Chairman Mao.
As for "One Hundred Poems of Chairman Mao" and "One Hundred and Fifty Poems of Chairman Mao," and other poetry collections published after the 1980s and 1990s, there are some works that are not the real works of Chairman Mao and have been falsely rumored to be "the true works of Chairman Mao."
In the article "In 1979, the old man disclosed a poem, saying that Chairman Mao wrote it specifically for him, and after examination: it is the real thing", Lao Qin cited the seven poems "Wing Frog" and "Bao Er Determined to Go Out of the Countryside". These two poems are not the works of Chairman Mao, but they have been falsely rumored to be the original works of Chairman Mao.
Of course, most of the newly recorded poems are still the real works of Chairman Mao.
For example, "In 1979, the old man disclosed a poem, saying that Chairman Mao wrote it specifically for him, and after examination: it is genuine", Chairman Mao gave Luo Zhanglong's "Seven Ancients and Sending Zhongyu Ichiro to the East", which is Chairman Mao's real work.
There is also the "Six Words and Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai" that I want to talk about today, which is also Chairman Mao's real hand.
"Six-Word Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai" is not included in the "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" and "Thirty-Seven Poems of Chairman Mao". However, its official publication was very early, and on August 1, 1947, it was published in the "Comrades-in-Arms Newspaper" of the Jiluyu Troops.
Before it was officially published, "Six Words and Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai" had also been circulating in the folk for more than ten years.
Why was it officially published in 1947?
Because, in the spring of 1947, Peng Dehuai commanded the Northwest Field Army to achieve the great victory of Qinghua, Chairman Mao could not suppress his joy, and re-recorded this poem and presented it to Peng Dehuai.
That is to say, Chairman Mao personally wrote this poem "Six Words poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai" twice and presented them to Peng Dehuai: once in 1935, when "Six Words and Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai" was born, and once in 1947, after Peng Dehuai won the great victory of Qinghua.
Well, here's the problem.
Since the birth time of "Six-Word Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai" was so early and was widely circulated, or chairman Mao personally wrote to Peng Dehuai twice, why did it not include this poem in the "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" published in 1958, the "Thirty-Seven Poems of Chairman Mao" published in 1963, and the "Poems of Chairman Mao" reprinted and updated in 1976?
This has to be said from the letter sent by the editorial department of the monthly literary and art magazine "East China Sea" to Chairman Mao.
It is said that on February 6, 1957, the editorial department of the monthly literary and art magazine "Donghai", sponsored by the Zhejiang Provincial Federation of Literature and Art, sent a letter to Chairman Mao, saying that it wanted to publish "Six Words of Poetry to Comrade Peng Dehuai" in the "East Sea", and asked Chairman Mao to take time out of his busy schedule to read the poems.
Notice this point in time—February 6, 1957—by this time, the poetry journal of New China, the Poetry Journal, had obtained Chairman Mao's consent and published eighteen poems of Chairman Mao in one go in its inaugural issue.
The editor of the editorial department of the "East China Sea" Literary and Art Monthly magazine thought that there would not be too much of a problem in publishing "Six Words and Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai" in the "East Sea" newspaper.
Chairman Mao's reply, however, was: "It is not appropriate to publish it." ”
Why is that?
The problem lies in the fact that the editor of the editorial board of the monthly literary and art magazine "East China Sea" explained the "Six Words Poem to Comrade Peng Dehuai"—which should be explained to be written by Chairman Mao in a telegram sent to Peng Dehuai after the Red Army won the victory in the battle against Lazikou.
Chairman Mao read this explanation and was a little confused.
In a reply letter to the editorial board of the East China Sea Literary and Art Monthly, he said: "Comrade Lin Biao commanded the la (La) Zikou to fight, and I am also on the front line, so I will not use this method to send telegrams. ”
That is to say, the poem is "for Comrade Peng Dehuai", but the battle of Lazikou was commanded by Lin Biao, and the two are not matched. Because of the long age and the fact that Chairman Mao had passed the age of Hua Jia, his impression was somewhat vague, and he was not sure whether he had written the poem himself, so he replied that "it is not appropriate to publish it."
Since Chairman Mao had such an attitude, the magazine "East China Sea" naturally did not dare to publish this poem in vain.
Then, the immediately following "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" and "Thirty-Seven Poems of Chairman Mao" did not include this poem.
"Six Words of Poetry to Comrade Peng Dehuai" was officially included in Chairman Mao's poetry collection in 1986.
In this year, under the auspices of Hu Qiaomu, who had served as Chairman Mao's political secretary, edited by the Central Literature Research Office, and published by the People's Literature Publishing House, "Selected Poems of Chairman Mao" was officially recorded.
Chairman Mao himself cannot confirm whether it belongs to his own poems, so why can others confirm that it is Chairman Mao's work?
Originally, chairman Mao was confused by the fact that the battle of Lazikou was fought under the command of Lin Biao, and it was impossible to write a poem praising Peng Dehuai.
However, the initiator of saying that this poem was "written by Chairman Mao in a telegram sent to Peng Dehuai after the Red Army won the victory in the battle against Lazikou" was the editor of the aforementioned "Comrades-in-Arms Newspaper" sponsored by the Political Department of the Jiluyu Military Region.
When the poem was first published publicly on August 1, 1947, the editor cleverly added an "editor's note" to the back of the poem, saying: In 1935, Peng Dehuai led the Red First Army to a strong attack on Lazikou and won, and Chairman Mao gave this poem as a reply.
The editor of the "East China Sea" literary and art monthly magazine saw the poem "To Comrade Peng Dehuai" in the "Comrades-in-Arms Newspaper", and when he did not know it, he wanted to publish this poem in the "East China Sea", so he copied the notes in the "Comrades-in-Arms Newspaper" and sent it to Chairman Mao.
Since this poem was an impromptu poem and was the work of Chairman Mao's leadership, his impression was not too deep, he read the letter sent by the editor of the "East China Sea" literary and art monthly magazine, and only remembered that Lazikou was laid down by Lin Biao's Red First Army, and at that time he was also on the front line, and it was impossible to send a telegram, so he did not dare to confirm that this poem was his own work.
In fact, the poem "Six Words poem to Comrade Peng Dehuai" was not born after the victory of the Battle of Lazikou at all, but was written after Peng Dehuai repelled the enemy cavalry at Wuqi Town in northern Shaanxi.
It is said that in September 1935, according to the decision of the Central Russian Boundary Conference, the troops of the Left and Right Route Army in the north were formally reorganized into the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Peng Dehuai as commander and Chairman Mao as political commissar. On October 19, the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army arrived at Wuqi Town, a border in the Northern Shaanxi Soviet Region. The Ningxia and Gansu warlords Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin had five cavalry regiments following up at this time. Chairman Mao demanded that "never drag a tail into the base areas." Peng Dehuai shouldered the heavy responsibility of cutting off the "tail." After inspecting the terrain of the battle with Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying on the front line, he wrote the phrase "mountains, high roads, dangerous and deep ditches" in the telegram to Chairman Mao's report.
The great battle began on the night of October 20, 1935, and Peng Dehuai personally deployed and commanded the first column and the second column of the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment to launch an attack, and won a great victory. Chairman Mao heard the poems and changed the phrase "the mountains are high and the roads are dangerous and the ditches are deep" to "the mountains are high and the roads are far and deep" as a starting point, and he created them in the form of six-word poems, and wrote in one breath that "the army is running in a long and horizontal manner." Who dares to cross the knife? Only I Am General Peng" three sentences, gifted to Peng Dehuai. Unwilling to take credit, Peng Dehuai changed the last sentence to "The Only Heroic Red Army" and gave it back to Chairman Mao.
Wu Xiuquan, then chief of the operations section of the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment, and Yang Shangkun, then director of the Political Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu Detachment, were eyewitnesses of Chairman Mao's writing of this poem; Zhang Aiping, who had served as director of the Political Department of the Fourth Division of the Third Red Army, and Huang Kecheng, who had been director of the Organization Department of the General Political Department of the Red Army, were witnesses who read the poem together with Peng Dehuai. They can all testify that the poem was indeed written by Chairman Mao on October 22, 1935, after Peng Dehuai perfectly cut off his "tail" in Wuqi Town.
The editors of the "Comrades-in-Arms Newspaper" made a mistake, and when the August 1st Founding Day was celebrated after the founding of New China in 1954, the People's Liberation Army Daily still followed the original text and original annotations published by the "Comrades-in-Arms Newspaper" and published the poem again.
Wang Yazhi, who was then an operational staff officer in Peng Dehuai's office, read the People's Liberation Army Daily, found this obvious error, and pointed it out to Peng Dehuai.
Peng Dehuai was open-minded and did not care about this matter, and did not correct it to the outside world in time. It was not until after he encountered unjust criticism that when he wrote the book "Peng Dehuai's Self-Description", he briefly mentioned this matter in the book, saying that "when the Red Army arrived at wuqi town in northern Shaanxi and defeated the pursuing enemy cavalry, Chairman Mao gave praise."
However, Peng Dehuai was in a state of isolation at that time, he only remembered the first and fourth sentences exactly, and for the second and third sentences, he could only silently write according to the general impression. In this way, there is a saying that there are two versions of the poem "Six Words poem to Comrade Peng Dehuai".
Since chairman Mao's plot of "Six Words and Poems to Comrade Peng Dehuai" is so conclusive, it is natural that when the People's Literature Publishing House published "Selected Poems of Chairman Mao" in November 1986, it was natural that the poem was officially included in Chairman Mao's poetry works.
After that, the "Annals of Chairman Mao" (volume I), published in December 1993, and the "Collected Poems of Chairman Mao" (published by the Central Literature Publishing House) published in September 1996 were also included in this poem.
Now, this poem has become a classic masterpiece known to women and children.