Mammoth News Oriental Today reporter Gao Dongli
【Language】Steady Words Are the Head, Steady In the Middle, the New Era is Distinct
Reviewer: Liu Chunlei, head of the Chinese teaching and research team of The New Maple Yang School in Zhengzhou Foreign Chinese
The 2021 college entrance examination national volume B language proposition is supported by the college entrance examination evaluation system, through careful selection of materials, improvement of the structure of the examination paper, careful design of question types, strengthening the articulation of teaching and examination, closely combining the standard requirements of the high school curriculum with the language proposition, and closely following the principle of "one point and four sides" ("one point", that is, guiding candidates to build morality, inheriting and carrying forward the core values of socialism. "Four sides", that is, in the selection of topics, reflecting the traditional culture, governing the country according to law, the spirit of innovation, and the core values. Give full play to the guiding role of the college entrance examination in guiding students to pay attention to the times, society, life, and life in terms of ideological values. Implement the educational concept of the college entrance examination and achieve the ultimate goal of education casting the soul and educating people! It can be said that "shouzheng innovation to cultural people, imperceptibly Lide tree people"!
First, keep the word steady and strengthen the students' confidence in answering
The 2021 college entrance examination national volume B language propositions reflect strong stability, and the structure of the test papers, the distribution of test centers, and the types of test questions are consistent with 2020. Ensure the smooth progress of the college entrance examination under the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, so that students can answer with a calm and positive attitude, and ensure that excellent candidates can stand out while giving most candidates a sense of gain.
Stable structure, in line with students' expectations. From the macro level, the structure of the test paper is stable, and the test question modules are essay text reading, practical text reading, literary text reading, literary text reading, ancient poetry reading, famous famous sentences silent writing, language and writing, and writing. The content of the examination is consistent with the teaching content and is fully based on the 2003 edition of the Language Curriculum Standards. Taking the subjective question of poetry appreciation as an example, the language style of Xin Qijie's "Queqiao Xian And Gifting Heron" is examined, although it is not often examined, it fully meets the requirements of the syllabus of "being able to appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works, and being able to evaluate the ideological content of literary works and the author's views and attitudes". The famous poems and famous sentences silently written and examined are from "Pipa Line", "Yu Meiren", and "Yueyang Louji", all of which are recommended recitation articles in the 2003 edition of the Language Curriculum Standard; The idioms examined in the use of language and writing include "empty wind", "worrying about the sky", "close at hand", "within reach", "clear and distinct", etc., which are also extremely common and frequently used words.
Stabilize the difficulty and take care of the students' mood. At the micro level, the test questions are moderately difficult. From the selection of materials, reading difficulty, test question design, etc., it is more difficult to distinguish than in 2020, and the difficulty is comprehensively controlled, so that it is comparable to the overall level of students' ability to answer, so that students can play their due level. Start by selecting materials that students are familiar with. First, when selecting test materials, whether the content involved is within the scope of students' familiarity and whether they can be accessed in students' lives is an important criterion. Taking the use of corpus in language and writing as an example: in the relationship between people in the information age, the three objective questions examined are still idioms, disease sentence discrimination and sentence reduction, and whether they are moderate. The second is not to avoid hot topics. For example, the essay "The Wisdom Enlightenment of 'The Arrow of the Bow'" requires standing at the historical intersection of the "two hundred years" goal of struggle, thinking about what kind of ideals and beliefs the young people of the times should establish to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and how to realize it!
However, the difficulty of reading the material and reviewing the questions has been greatly reduced by the addition of translations.
Second, we should steadily emerge from the new and ensure the steady progress of reform
While seeking stability, the 2021 college entrance examination national volume B language proposition also enhances the synergy with the reform of the new high school curriculum, implements the spirit of the "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting the Reform of Ordinary High School Education Methods in the New Era", the Ministry of Education's "Ordinary High School Curriculum Plan (2017 Edition)" and curriculum standards, and other documents to help the reform of education methods in the new era. For example, the reading of the text has changed the most, and an excerpt from the "General Chronicle of the End of the Chronicle • Zhenguan Junchen On the Governance" about the loyal ministers such as Dai Yin, Wei Zheng, and Li Qianyou committed longyan law enforcement. Although the question type is still sentence reading, cultural common sense, general analysis and translation, the selected essays break the convention of examining biographies for many years, and move closer to the new college entrance examination Zhejiang volume and Tianjin volume, which is indeed "unexpected and reasonable". Moreover, in the use of language and writing, the 20 questions of sentence supplementation and 21 questions of using causal related words to summarize the content of the passage are placed in a corpus about the sugar content of fruits and the correct food intake of diabetics, and both questions require candidates to answer questions according to the materials provided, both changes in the form of question presentation and changes in the content of the examination.
The whole Chinese wen I. adheres to the correct direction of the reform of the content of the college entrance examination, strives to reflect the spirit of the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination, ensures the smooth docking of the new and old college entrance examinations, and helps the new college entrance examination to land smoothly.
Third, the era is distinct, and the language ability is scientifically examined
Most of the test materials have a distinct epochality, such as the development process of "digital humanities" in the essay text, the investigation report on "food security" and "poverty alleviation" in the practical text, the poetry reading reminiscent of "beautiful countryside", the use of language and writing involves whether people in the information age will indulge in virtual networks, and the composition is closely related to the times to talk about youth ideals. Improve reading literacy in such authentic information materials and test the key competencies of language disciplines.
Through the scientific layout, the whole set of examination papers has realized the comprehensive examination and comprehensive evaluation of the different abilities of the candidates. Modern reading, ancient poetry reading, language and writing, etc., all pay attention to the comprehensiveness and diversity of ability tests. For example, questions 1 and 2 of essay text reading involve the difference between "far reading" and "close reading", the difference between "counting" and "understanding", and the third question involves the inference of the meaning of "far reading" and digital humanities, focusing on the real reading situation of students, guiding students to quickly and accurately obtain and analyze information, understand new concepts and knowledge, and reasonably infer their ability. The novel reads the 8th question "Why did Wang Chaojie choose the singing section of "Qin Qiong Sells Horses" and sing enough to sing strongly?" Please briefly analyze", Question 9 "In the process of buying and selling porcelain plates, what changes have occurred in Yang Chengyue's psychology?" Please combine the brief description of the work", "you can achieve the candidate's ability to read comprehension, general analysis, and language expression; The composition "The Wisdom Revelation of the 'Bow arrow'" can achieve a comprehensive examination of the ability to apply writing and dialectical thinking.
These are the key issues and analysis in language teaching, and such examinations are close to the times, close to life, and meet the requirements of full coverage of ability levels, which can further guide teaching.
Fourth, moisturizing things silently, fully implement the Lide tree people
The long-standing and timeless Chinese culture has provided a strong spiritual support for the ever-growing Chinese nation to overcome difficulties and move toward rejuvenation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized: "Cultural self-confidence is a more basic, broader and deeper self-confidence, and a more basic, deeper and more lasting force." Strengthening cultural self-confidence is a major issue related to the rise and fall of national fortunes, cultural security, and the independence of the national spirit. This set of test papers is a good interpretation of the examination goal of "one core, four layers and four wings" - "Lide Tree People", and answers the question of "what kind of people" should be cultivated in education at the 2018 National Education Conference.
This test question has always been permeated with China's excellent traditional culture, so that candidates can naturally generate national pride and cultural self-confidence on the basis of full immersion, taste and understanding. For example, Tange's novel "Qin Qiong Sells Horses" not only makes the candidates feel the profundity of the national essence of Peking Opera, but also moves yang Chengyue, the owner of the antique shop "Yiyuan Zhai", who is chivalrous, righteous and wealthy, and the hot sausage of the ancient road; Xin's lyrics "Queqiao Xian · "Gifting the Heron" uses fresh and bright, simple and clear language to depict the idyllic scenery of harmonious coexistence and beauty between man and nature, and conveys a heroic and free attitude towards life; Comprehensible silent writing "Yueyang LouJi" expresses the feelings of home and country that "the world is worried and worried before the world, and the world is happy and happy", and the sugar content of the fruit and the correct food intake of diabetics convey the scientific spirit of adhering to the truth from facts...
There is also an essay "The Wisdom Enlightenment of 'Bow Arrow'" focuses on the guidance of the candidate's outlook on life, values and world view, not only pays attention to the candidate's self-growth, but also pays attention to our social development and international status, and guides the candidates to closely combine their ideal pursuit with the spirit of the times, the future of the nation, and the destiny of the country, so as to make useful attempts in strengthening cultural self-confidence, enhancing moral quality, cultivating family and country feelings, and broadening the vision of the pattern.
In summary, the 2021 college entrance examination national volume B language test questions reflect the characteristics of integrity and innovation, and also reflect the implementation of Lide tree people in the form of full integration and guide all-round development; Examine key competencies in a comprehensive manner and serve scientific talents; Benchmark curriculum standards in the form of integration and guidance of the core functions of education and teaching.
【Mathematics】Attach importance to the foundation and seek innovation in stability
Reviewer: Wang Ke, a senior mathematics teacher at Zhengzhou Foreign Chinese School
The provinces that use the national volume B in 2021 are: Henan, Shanxi, Jiangxi, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Shaanxi. Among them, Gansu, Qinghai, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and other provinces originally used the national volume II, and this year the I and II volumes were merged to use the national I volume.
The 2021 College Entrance Examination Mathematics National Volume I embodies the idea of college entrance examination reform, implements the education policy for the comprehensive development of morality, intellectual, physical, aesthetic and labor, focuses on core literacy, highlights key ability examinations, and embodies the scientific selection function and education orientation of college entrance examination mathematics. The test questions highlight the essence of mathematics, attach importance to rational thinking, and adhere to the propositional principle of literacy orientation and ability-oriented; Advocate the integration of theory with practice, apply what we have learned, pay attention to the important achievements of China's socialist construction, and reflect the application value of mathematics by designing problem scenarios; Scientifically grasp the relationship between necessary knowledge and key capabilities, seek innovation in stability, and embody the basic, comprehensive, applied and innovative examination requirements.
The 2021 college entrance examination national mathematics I (B) volume as a whole remains stable, and students will be more adaptable. At the same time, there is a certain degree of innovation compared with previous years.
First, reflect the reform ideology of the college entrance examination
1. The new college entrance examination Chinese the merger of the rational papers. This is reflected in many of the national volume I. Question 3 of Liberal Arts and Sciences is the same, Question 4 of Science is the same as Question 9 of Liberal Arts, Question 5 of Science is the same as Question 10 of Liberal Arts, Question 8 of Science is the same as Question 7 of Liberal Arts, Question 10 of Science is the same as Question 12 of Liberal Arts, Question 11 of Science is the same as Question 11 of Liberal Arts, Question 15 and Question 16 of Science are the same as Question 15 and 16 of Liberal Arts, Question 13 and 14 of Science are the same as Question 13 and 14 of Liberal Arts, and Question 17 of Science is the same as Question 17 of Liberal Arts. Question 18 of Science and Question 18 of Liberal Arts examine different aspects of the same three-dimensional geometry problem, Question 19 of Science and Question 19 of Liberal Arts examine the same sequence of numbers, Question 19 of Science and Question 19 of Liberal Arts examine the same number sequence, And Question 21 of Science and Question 20 of Liberal Arts both examine parabolas.
It can be predicted that the 2022 National I-Volume Liberal Arts and Sciences Examination Papers will further tend to be the same in all aspects.
2. Open-ended questions appear. Question 16 of Arts and Sciences tests the candidate's spatial imagination ability, with multiple sets of correct answers and a variety of solutions to choose from.
Second, implement the comprehensive development education policy of five educations, give play to the characteristics of disciplines, and highlight the functions of education
1. Focus on social and economic development. Question 6 of science is based on the training of volunteers at the Beijing Winter Olympics, and tests logical reasoning ability and computational solution ability.
2. Pay attention to excellent traditional culture. The 9th question of science is based on the measurement method in the book "Island Arithmetic Classic" by Liu Hui, a Chinese mathematician in the Wei and Jin dynasties, to test the candidates' ability to comprehensively apply knowledge to solve problems, so that the candidates can fully appreciate the wisdom of ancient mathematicians in China. Enhance national pride and self-confidence, strengthen national identity, enhance ideals and beliefs and patriotic feelings.
3. Advocate the integration of theory with practice and apply what you have learned. For example, the 17th question of literature and science, taking the etch rate in chip production as the prototype, designs the application problem of probability and statistics, examines the candidates' understanding and application of knowledge such as mean numbers and variance, and guides candidates to establish a correct outlook on life and values.
Third, the difficulty remains stable
2020 national I volume selection, fill-in-the-blank questions are relatively simple, the 19, 20, 21 of the answer questions have a certain degree of difficulty, this year increased the difficulty of the multiple choice questions 12 questions, fill in the blank questions 16 questions are the result of the open type of test questions also have a certain degree of difficulty, the overall difficulty of the answer questions is less than in 2020. The overall difficulty remains stable, and the difficulty of the 2021 National I Volume 2021 will be lower than in 2020 according to the students' post-test reactions.
Fourth, the structure of the examination paper has been greatly innovated
1. The most difficult of the science questions is the comparative size of the 12th question, which fully tests the students' ability to flexibly use mathematical knowledge to analyze and solve problems.
2. Design the three-view question of stereo geometry as an open-ended question. The three-view question is usually relatively simple, and there have been more difficult three-view problems in the previous national volume I, and this year's test is very new.
3. The probability and statistics question is placed in the position of understanding the first question of the answer. From 2014 to 2020, probability and statistics answer questions have always been the innovation point of the national volume I, with new ideas every year and certain difficulties every year. This year's probability and statistics questions also have some new ideas, but they are more basic and not difficult.
4. The number of questions in the past few years did not test much, if the test is often placed in the first question, this year's liberal arts and sciences examination papers are in the position of the third question of the answer questions.
5. The final question of science changes from derivative to conical curve, and the parabola that was not high in the previous examination frequency was examined. Derivative questions have always been the final questions of science and mathematics, and there are new changes every year, and students often use derivative questions as the focus of self-study review preparation. Compared with previous editions, this year's liberal arts and sciences derivative questions are not difficult. The parabola examination has also been carried out before, which is relatively small, and the amount of calculation of this parabola problem this year is relatively large
Fifth, give teaching and students the inspiration to review and prepare for the exam
1. Pay attention to the basics. Although Henan has not yet entered the new college entrance examination mode (the current first and second grades of high school use the original textbooks, and the college entrance examination model remains unchanged), but the high school examination questions are constantly changing, and we cannot always think about chasing hot spots and betting on questions. Only by laying a solid and comprehensive foundation of mathematical knowledge can we better adapt to the changes in the examination.
2. Pay attention to the direction of the reform of the college entrance examination, and implement the cultivation of core mathematical literacy. The new college entrance examination reform has both the reform of teaching materials and the reform of the type and content of the high examination questions, and the purpose of the reform is to better train students and enable students to develop better.
The development that students can get from mathematical learning is the core literacy of mathematics, and teaching and reviewing and preparing for the exam in accordance with the core literacy requirements of mathematics can adapt to future changes.
In short, the 2021 college entrance examination mathematics national volume test questions have well implemented the core functions of the college entrance examination of cultivating people, serving talents, and guiding teaching, while highlighting the characteristics of mathematics disciplines, playing a role in the selection of mathematics disciplines in the college entrance examination, and playing a positive guiding role in deepening the reform of mathematics teaching in secondary schools.
【English】Focusing on the three themes of "Man and Nature, Man and Society, Man and Self"
Reviewer: Kong Xue, leader of the English preparation team of zhengzhou foreign Chinese school
The 2021 college entrance examination English volume B proposition relies on the ordinary high school English curriculum standards and the college entrance examination evaluation system to implement the fundamental task of Lide Shuren, which is highly consistent with the "one core, four layers and four wings" proposed by the college entrance examination evaluation system, pays attention to the examination of the candidates' key abilities and necessary knowledge, and highlights the core value orientation and subject literacy requirements. The content of the examination paper closely focuses on the three themes of "man and nature, man and society, man and self", comprehensively examines the comprehensive use of English ability, and promotes the all-round development of moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic work of candidates.
【Reading Comprehension Review】
The difficulty and word count of the propositions of each type of reading comprehension question are basically the same as the propositional ideas of previous years.
Part A is an application essay, and the theme context is people and society. Candidates are required to read the introduction of relevant information about world-renowned stadiums, which reflects the importance attached to sports and physical health, infiltrates sports ideas, and improves sports awareness. From the propositional point of view, this reading question mainly tests the candidate's ability to locate detailed information and understand.
Part B is an explanatory text, and the theme context is people and society. It describes the current situation that many people in Australia still use telephone landlines at home and briefly analyzes the reasons for this. The reading questions of this article mainly involve reasoning judgment and guessing word meaning questions, which test students' ability to summarize and make reasonable reasoning based on text comprehension.
Part C is an explanatory text, and the theme context is man and nature. It tells how an artist made plastic waste into a thought-provoking sculpture, aiming to guide students to pay attention to the growing environmental problems and enhance their awareness of environmental protection and innovation. Reading topics mainly involve detail comprehension, reasoning judgment and topic summary.
Part D is still an explanatory essay, and the theme is people and society. Introduces the discovery that people can concentrate better in a café than in an open office, and analyzes the reasons for this. The reading question involves detail comprehension and reasoning and judgment questions.
Five out of seven is also an explanatory essay, with the theme of people and society. The theme is how to make us more attractive at parties. Students can develop the necessary social skills through reading this text. The question is designed to test the candidate's understanding and mastery of the overall content, writing logic and chapter structure of the article, and requires students to be able to identify the different roles and positions of the general sentence and the detailed explanatory sentence.
The five articles have novel topics, are close to life, have distinct themes, and are authentic in language, which fully reflects the charm of the English language. From the perspective of propositions, the subject matter is diverse, but it is still mainly based on detailed understanding, and the proportion of reasoning judgment and main summary questions has increased. This requires students to pay attention to text reading, on the basis of reading and understanding the literal meaning, they can summarize the general meaning of the paragraph, reasonably infer the deep meaning of the text, and infer the meaning of the new words by grasping the context and writing logic, so as to guide students to pay attention to the cultivation of reading comprehension ability in their usual learning.
【Gestalt Fill-in-the-Blank Review】
The Gestalt Fill-in-the-Blank of National Volume B in 2021 is still a sandwich article, with the theme of people and society. The author uses one of his own patients as an example to describe how we express our gratitude in different ways in different situations. The topic selection aims to raise students' sense of gratitude and teach students to learn gratitude. The difficulty of the chapter is medium, and the story content is easier to understand, but there are individual words and phrases that increase the difficulty of doing the question to a certain extent, with a certain degree of differentiation, such as given as a noun here, indicating that it is taken for granted; Put to the meaning of the test phrase. However, most of the questions are still set through the theme, testing the context and logical analysis ability.
【Review of Fill-in-the-Blanks and Correction of Short Texts】
The theme of the fill-in-the-blank questions is man and nature. By selecting the topic of the development and significance of ecotourism, students are guided to pay attention to energy conservation and ecological environmental protection. As in previous years, the 10 air words have 7 empty words and no prompt words 3 empty.
Short essay correction is a discourse about the benefits of doing housework, and the topic is close to student life. The selection of this topic aims to educate students on labor and further implement the propositional idea of five educations at the same time.
Both question types test the candidate's judgment of the form, meaning and logic of words, sentences and passages in a specific context. It not only tests students' mastery of basic vocabulary, grammar and logic, but also tests their ability to use language in specific language environments. Lexicals involve articles, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. Grammar focuses on basic grammar knowledge such as compound sentences and non-predicates. Guide students to lay a solid foundation for the comprehensive development of the English language.
【Review of Written Expressions】
This year's National Volume B Written Expression follows the propositional ideas of the 2020 National Volume I, which has strong openness and flexibility, and at the same time, further broadens the writing style, updates the presentation form of the test questions, and sets up english communication task situations that are close to the real life of students.
In terms of specific requirements, students need to write a speech according to the title given (Be smart online learners), which not only tests the language use ability of students' vocabulary, phrases and sentences, but also guides students to consider problems in an all-round way and cultivate critical thinking skills and problem-solving skills by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of online learning.
The 2021 college entrance examination English national volume B topic selection sources are still from foreign media, including the Sydney Morning Herald (Sydney Morning Herald), Huffpost web content, Harvard Business Review (Harvard Business Review), Lifehacker (life hack blog) and so on. The idea of consistently using the original media as the inscription in the English subjects of the college entrance examination shows the importance of improving the core literacy of the English subject with actions.
【Politics】 Li De Shu people lead the way
Reviewer: Gao Yongtao, leader of the political preparation team of the third year of high school of Zhengzhou Foreign Chinese New Maple Yang School
The proposition of the political discipline of the 2021 college entrance examination is guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, comprehensively implements the party's education policy, implements the fundamental task of Lide Tree, and the test questions highlight the proposition principle of "direction is the core, stability is the key", adhere to the guidance of the comprehensive development of students' morality, intellectual, physical, and aesthetic work, deepen the foundation, optimize the situation design, strengthen the examination of key abilities, enhance the openness and flexibility of the test questions, guide the reduction of rote memorization and "mechanical brushing" phenomenon, and strengthen the connection between examination and education. Promote the reform of education evaluation, give full play to the educational function and positive guiding role of the college entrance examination, and promote the development of quality education.
First, implement the education policy of Lide Tree. Expand the breadth of the examination of China's excellent traditional culture, revolutionary culture and advanced socialist culture, highlight the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party, deeply cultivate the feelings of loving the party and the country and loving socialism, and practice the guidance of the core socialist values. For example, question 40 takes Comrade Mao Zedong's important thinking on "two musts" and the conversation on "catching up with the examination" in Beijing as the historical background, comprehensively examines the candidates' ability and level of applying the materialist view of history and the knowledge of the role of culture to think and analyze major theoretical and practical issues, guides the candidates to correctly understand the code for our party to always maintain its advanced nature and purity from the century-old party history, profoundly understands the basic truth of why the CPC can, guides students to know history and love the party, knows history and loves the country, and strengthens their political and ideological identification with the party's leadership. Theoretical identity and emotional identification have strengthened their confidence and determination to realize the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.
Second, strengthen the requirements of basic comprehensive examination, and give play to the positive guiding role of "promoting learning through examination and connecting examination and teaching". Emphasis is placed on a comprehensive and profound understanding of the basics and the application of a thorough understanding. For example, 12 questions examine the impact of exchange rate changes, 13 questions examine the impact on business operations, and 18 questions examine the party's basic policy on religious work. Pay attention to the indispensable knowledge, ability and literacy that candidates must have in their future life, study and work. Through the situation design, the effectiveness of the ability assessment is improved, the practical application examination is strengthened, and the ability of students to analyze and solve problems is continuously improved. For example, question 14 examines solutions to fiscal deficits, and question 18 deals with the understanding of secondary school students' participation in public affairs.
Third, keep the proposition stable, highlight the backbone of the discipline, pay attention to consolidating the foundation of knowledge, ability and literacy, and there is no strange cold knowledge point. For example, question 38 examines the economic motives of enterprise transformation, question 39 examines the basic strategy of governing the country according to law, and question 40 examines the role of historical materialism and culture, which are the backbone knowledge of each module. The new and old college entrance examination volumes fully consider the teaching situation and learning situation, and the question type, structure and difficulty are generally stable with 2020, and a more scientific, stable and meticulous design strategy is adopted, which is conducive to the candidates' stable mentality and level.
Fourth, strengthen the design of test question situations, pay close attention to social reality, and strengthen the examination of key competencies in disciplines, the cultivation of subject literacy and the guidance of core values. For example, question 15 cultivates the candidate's ability to learn immediately through the understanding of the noun FDI, and enhances institutional self-confidence. Question 17 guides students to focus on the promotion of rural revitalization strategies. Question 19 penetrates aesthetic education through the artistic perception of calligrapher and painter Huang Binhong. The 20th question understands the true meaning of cultural innovation through the movie "Win the Championship", the philosophical knowledge and cultural knowledge of the question penetrate each other, and the rest of the philosophical multiple choice questions are novel and the test paper has a strong cultural atmosphere.
【History】Strengthen discipline literacy highlight value leadership
Reviewer: He Zhimin, head of the history teaching and research team of The New Maple Yang School in Zhengzhou Foreign Chinese
The history test questions of the 2021 college entrance examination remained stable overall, the amount of reading was moderate, the selection of propositions was easy to understand, and the trend of returning to textbooks was obvious. The language is peaceful and natural, highly targeted, moderately difficult and has a good degree of differentiation. It embodies the core functions of the college entrance examination evaluation system of cultivating people with virtue, serving talents, guiding the core functions of teaching and the idea of relatively stable propositions, closely following the pulse of the times, planting the feelings of the family and the country, exploring the educational value of historical disciplines, and helping the development of quality education.
Focus on social hotspots, full of the atmosphere of the times, and attach importance to value leadership. The selection of test questions revolves around the major themes of social life, grasps the general trend, grasps major events, and integrates into the 100th anniversary of the founding of the party and modernization. For example, mao zedong pointed out in question 29 that improving work attitudes and working methods and mobilizing the masses is an important magic weapon for the revolution to achieve victory; Question 45 examines the Foreign Affairs Movement; Topic 42 focuses on the previous meetings of the Party, using the "textbook" of Party history to analyze the development and growth of the Communist Party of China in the period of the new democratic revolution, guide students to know history and love the Party, know history and love the country, and strengthen their confidence and determination to realize the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation and the Chinese Dream.
Highlight the basic knowledge, strengthen the characteristics of the discipline, and gather key capabilities. Attaching importance to the examination of basic knowledge and basic ability is the unchangeable law of the college entrance examination, such as the 24th question to examine the materialist view of history with the theme of the sub-sealing system; Question 26 examines the enhancement of mobility between different social groups under the social structure of the Four Peoples of the Song Dynasty; Question 27 uses the popularity of "good books" to examine the mainstream values of society; Question 32 examines the colonial expansion of Western countries through the rise of European concessionaires in the 16th century; Question 34 examines the characteristics of the development stage of physics, etc., all of which revolve around the basic knowledge, and also pays attention to the comparative analysis, migration and integration of similar knowledge concepts.
Broaden the breadth of test questions, emphasize the empirical evidence of historical materials, and highlight the quality of the intention. For example, question 25 gives the number of households in different areas of the late Western Han Dynasty and the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, requiring students to make judgments and draw reasonable conclusions based on the social development trends reflected by the changes in the data. Question 35 selects the historical facts of the CIA's promotion of the New York School, and asks students to gain insight into the U.S. government's infiltration of Cold War thinking through the field of art; Question 47 quotes the evaluation of Feng Dao, the "elderly" of the Five Dynasties period by historical materials and different evaluators, and asks students to derive factors affecting the evaluation of characters through the analysis of historical materials. These topics all infiltrate and examine the materialist view of history, the concept of time and space, historical interpretation, and the feelings of home and country, etc., and enhance the core literacy of students' history disciplines.
Increase openness to questions, pay attention to expression and exposition, and examine comprehensive ability. The setting of open-ended test questions highlights the comprehensive examination of students' language organization, logical thinking, and writing and expression skills. This year's open-ended test questions are innovative in breadth, depth and questioning angles. The traditional open-ended question 42 questions present some of the important meetings of the Party during the new democratic revolution of the CPC in the form of a map, requiring students to choose two meetings to analyze the development of the Cpc and explain the reasons. Combining the traditional open-ended essay questions with map information extraction questions, the direction of the question is clear and unambiguous, the time span is large, and the choice space for students is also large. This year, in particular, the 41 questions of the comprehensive examination questions have also been added to the open questions, the entire test questions around Herodotus's "History" and Sima Qian's "History", the first (3) question on the basis of the comparative analysis of the first two questions to achieve relative openness, guide students to analyze the elements that should be included in the writing of history books, raise the understanding of specific historical facts to the theoretical level, and comprehensively examine the students' ability to grasp the basic historical facts, the ability to analyze materials, and the necessary historical logic ability and certain historical theories.
【Geography】 Overall peace Pays more attention to the reasoning process of human geography
Reviewer: Zhang Weili, head of the geography teaching and research team of Zhengzhou Foreign Chinese School
The overall peace of the 2021 college entrance examination essay comprehensive national volume B geography test questions, the question type and structure basically continue the characteristics of previous years. The difficulty of physical geography has decreased, and more attention has been paid to the reasoning process of human geography. The test questions focus on the implementation of the fundamental task of Lide Tree, deepen the evaluation system of the college entrance examination, and adopt the form of sampling the main knowledge of the discipline in the content, and finally implement the examination of subject ability and core literacy, highlighting the educational value and guiding role of the high examination questions.
Guide students to feel the development and achievements of the motherland, reflecting the direction of national industrial reform. For example, the 1st-3rd question is selected to explore the case of scientific and technological revitalization of agriculture with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to serve the cotton production in Xinjiang, which not only shows the development level of modern agriculture in China, but also feels the great changes brought by the development and application of agricultural science and technology to farmers' lives.
Do not avoid hot spots, but pay more attention to the examination of subject knowledge and subject ability behind hot spots. Global warming is an eternal theme, the choice of 9-11 to examine the background of global warming, the distribution law and change mechanism of the tundra belt, requiring students to understand the main factors affecting the distribution of tundra vegetation should consider both the natural environmental conditions such as the photothermal soil that meets its growth, and the scope of seed transmission. It is similar to the changes in the solid line and forest line in the context of global warming in 2020, except that last year's attention was paid to the change in the vertical direction of vegetation distribution under the background of global warming, and this year it pays more attention to the change in the horizontal direction, and the geospatial thinking ability is examined to the fullest.
The directivity of the material is more obvious, and a careful study of the material is actually to study the intention of the propositional person. For example, in question 36, the "Shanghai is a modern metropolis with a large population, developed economy and close external ties" implies that the sub-topic (1) supports the booming industries and enterprise types in Shanghai, which supports the vigorous development of cafes, and should mainly consider the high-end productive service industries such as finance, commerce, information technology, planning, legal advice, and real estate in the tertiary industry. In the materials, "cafes have become an important place for people to relax, meet friends and communicate with business" and other material information implies that the target consumer group of the brand café layout in the commercial bustling area and high-end office building areas is the brand with high awareness and high quality, which is an important place for leisure friends and business exchanges, and the main target consumer group is the tertiary industry practitioners (enterprise white-collar workers) with a certain income level and consumption capacity; The brand is an international chain of brands, and the main target consumers are young people who love the trend culture.
Asking questions is actually a chain of thought, interlocking and deep. Whether it is a multiple-choice question or a comprehensive question, each group of questions is actually a complete scenario, around the chain of thinking, a link of thinking will make the candidate's understanding of the problem more in-depth. In the process of organizing the answers, more emphasis should be placed on the construction of the answer thinking with the geographical concept as the core, and the determination of the direction of the answers is the key to completing the questions well and finally scoring high.
There are new changes in the form of propositions, and it is necessary to design the problem according to the material, draw conclusions, and make your own arguments. It also highlights the examination of the core literacy of geography disciplines, such as the ability to argue and discuss problems and the ability to practice geography.
【Physics】 Based on stability, the difficulty has increased
Reviewer: Li Meng, a senior physics teacher at Zhengzhou Foreign Chinese School
In 2021, the Comprehensive Physics Examination Questions for Science in Henan College Entrance Examination (National Volume B) implement the spirit of the National Education Conference and the Overall Plan for Deepening the Reform of Education Evaluation in the New Era, and scientifically design the content of the examination, optimize the selection function of the college entrance examination, and strengthen the comprehensive ability intention and the orientation of physics literacy in accordance with the "Notice of the Ministry of Education on Doing a Good Job in the Enrollment of Ordinary Colleges and Universities in 2021".
Compared with 2020, this year's physics test questions have increased in difficulty, there is no phenomenon of partial questions and strange problems, the overall performance is based on stability, and there are innovations and changes, the knowledge points examined are basically around the backbone knowledge to proposition, the score arrangement of each part is more reasonable (mechanics 41 points, electromagnetics 48 points, modern physics 6 points, 15 points for the optional examination), the difficulty of the final question has been significantly improved, the analytical reasoning ability and computing ability have higher requirements, other topics are relatively conventional, but there are also highlights and novelties, Overall, it seems to be a very wonderful set of questions. The specific analysis has the following points:
Multiple choice questions such as the 17th question, examining the half-life of radioactive elements, the question gives the remaining element mass ratio and time relationship image, seemingly complex, and even students will try to find the relationship between the mass ratio and the function of time, but carefully look at the graph analysis, the mass ratio from 2/3 to 1/3 of the time is the half-life, you can directly get the answer, this question is very able to examine the flexibility of students' thinking. Another example is question 18, which takes the elliptical motion of the star S2 in the Milky Way as the background, combines the circular motion of the earth in the solar system, and deeply investigates the combination of Kepler's third law and the law of universal gravitation, which requires high comprehensive ability of students, and students can only cope with the knowledge network of proficient gravitation modules. Another example is the 21st question, examining the relative sliding problem in the plate model, the clue to solve the problem is hidden in two images, and it is necessary to analyze and determine when the plates slide together and when they slide relatively, and then list the equations to deduce the relationship between the relevant physical quantities, which is both comprehensive and deep.
Question 22 examines the calculation of the velocity of the flat throw motion and requires the calculation of the acceleration of gravity; The 23rd question is to measure the electromotive force and internal resistance of the power supply, which involves the selection of protection resistance, the analysis of experimental principles, and the calculation of image data and errors. These two questions focus on the basic skills of students, and although they are innovative, they are still routine.
The 24th question of the calculation problem examines the students' understanding and application of kinetic energy, work, Newton's laws of motion and the law of uniform variable speed motion, and can also be solved by using the momentum theorem and kinetic energy theorem, which are conventional problems. Question 25 as the final question, examining the electromagnetic induction and relative sliding problems of metal rods and U-shaped frames, the first question is relatively simple, calculating the overall acceleration, velocity and ampere force of the rod; But the second question is more complicated, involving two objects, multiple processes, the inlet magnetic field and the outgoing magnetic field, acceleration and uniform speed, together motion and relative sliding, the topic conditions are given less, but the equations are more listed, and the amount of calculation is relatively large; The third question is based on the second question and then the analysis and judgment can be used to obtain the final result. This finale question is very comprehensive, and the requirements for students are also very high, which can reflect the selection function of the college entrance examination.
Question 33 examines the image of the change of the ideal gas state and the equation of the ideal gas state respectively, which is still the examination of the most core part of thermal science; The first question of the 34th question examines the understanding of the mechanical wave image, which is a classic question, and the second question of the optical question takes the refractive index of the glass brick as the background, which not only examines the law of refraction, but also examines the treatment of the angle in total reflection and geometric optics.
Looking at this year's topics, the elliptical orbit in gravity, the flat throw motion of the experimental question and the measurement of the power supply electromotive force and internal resistance, the electromagnetic induction problem in the final question are all knowledge points that have not been examined in the past 7 years and have appeared this year, while the knowledge points such as statics and alternating currents have not been involved this year, which is worth the attention of the 2022 candidates.
In addition, we are reminded that in preparing for the college entrance examination, we must pay attention to the training of basic knowledge, the cultivation of basic abilities, and focus on the improvement of comprehensive quality, and we cannot rely on practicing biased, difficult, and strange questions, and cannot rely on guessing questions and chasing hot spots.
【Chemistry】 Moderate difficulty, focusing on both knowledge and ability
Reviewer: Yao Weimin, a senior chemistry teacher at Zhengzhou Foreign Chinese School
The Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward: "It is necessary to comprehensively implement the party's education policy, implement the fundamental task of cultivating people with moral integrity, develop quality education, promote educational fairness, and cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intellectuality, physical fitness, beauty, and labor." Based on this, the Examination Proposition Center of the Ministry of Education has built a college entrance examination evaluation system of "one core, four layers and four wings". The examination papers are required to reflect the core functions of "cultivating people with virtue, selecting materials for service, and guiding teaching", strengthen the examination content of "necessary knowledge, key abilities, subject literacy, and core values", and reflect the basic, comprehensive, applied and innovative examination requirements.
The 2021 Science Comprehensive Ability Test National Volume B Chemistry Test Questions well implement the spirit of the Ministry of Education's examination question system, the design is scientific and reasonable, the difficulty is moderate, both pay attention to the knowledge intention, but also pay attention to the ability intention, and play a positive guiding role in promoting the formation of students' chemistry discipline literacy and promoting the development of quality education.
First, the overall evaluation
The chemistry proposition of the 2021 college entrance examination adheres to the basic principle of seeking progress in stability and stability, and continues to steadily promote the reform of the content of the college entrance examination. From the overall point of view, the types of test questions are relatively conventional, the content of the examination is rich, the carrier is changeable, and the presentation form is not lacking in novelty. Refreshing and caught off guard. Attach importance to the examination of the basic knowledge and subject literacy of the backbone, and there is no cold knowledge point. The test questions strengthen the design of scenario-based problems, pay attention to the connection between theory and practice, and the emergence of some hot words such as "carbon peak", "carbon neutrality" and "Chang'e 5 detector" is very close to life and highlights the essential value of chemistry. The test questions also pay attention to the examination of subject ability, focus on the understanding and application of knowledge, such as questions 13 and 28, through the in-depth understanding of charts to reflect the charm of chemistry disciplines, highlight the requirements of chemistry for talent training, and pay attention to the needs of talents in line with the social development of the new era.
From the overall difficulty point of view, compared with previous years, the test questions basically follow the style from easy to difficult, layer by layer, increase the examination of basic knowledge, the last two questions and 28 questions of multiple choice questions through clever design and knowledge integration, taking into account the degree of differentiation.
Second, specific analysis
The multiple-choice questions mainly examine stESE, experimental chemistry basics, ion equation writing, organic chemistry basics, electrochemistry, periodic law of material structure, and ion equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The first 4 questions are very simple, and the last 3 questions are gradually increasing in difficulty. Question 11 grasps the key message "similar to the earth's soil" and it is not difficult to deduce the elemental species. Question 12 as long as the analysis of the specific reaction of the yin and yang poles, it is also easy to get the answer, the 13th question examines the solubility of insoluble substances in the acidic system of the problem, to test the student's ability to read the map, we must first understand the meaning and order of magnitude of the horizontal and vertical coordinates, and then find the starting point and the point of pH = 4 for calculation and reasoning, the answer is still very easy to get.
The 26 and 27 questions are popular question types, which are very similar to the usual practice simulation questions and are not difficult to do. The 28 questions are designed with ICl as the carrier. Emphasis is placed on the calculation and understanding of mechanisms of multi-equilibrium systems. Although the carrier is not very common, but the practice is very conventional, the first (2) ask carefully list the three-paragraph formula, and do not need to calculate the result, the difficulty can be said to be reduced by a grade, the main focus of the first (3) question is to understand the meaning of the horizontal and vertical coordinates and the relationship between K and T, which can be described as in-depth and simple.
The structure and properties of matter examine the atomic structure, coordination compounds, hybridization, boiling point comparison, bond angle judgment principle, etc., which are common test points in ordinary exercises, and the design of the unit cell structure is also very simple, and the difficulty is lower than expected. The organic chemistry basic question gave two pieces of information, the structure is slightly more complicated, the isomer type judgment of the benzene ring ABC three substitutions, the synthesis design is not examined, and the difficulty is moderate. Judging from the comparison of selected questions, it may be that the structure of the questions is more conducive to students' scores.
3. Summary and recommendations
In short, the test questions fully reflect the essential value of the chemical discipline and the importance that the state attaches to scientific development. Attach importance to the foundation and highlight the ability. The college entrance examination is the vane of teaching, we must follow the direction of the college entrance examination, in the future teaching, pay attention to the cultivation of basic theories and basic knowledge, pay more attention to the understanding of knowledge, less rote memorization, pay more attention to the changes in the college entrance examination reform policies and test questions, pay close attention to the academic requirements in the curriculum standards and the actual teaching of secondary schools, implement the "Overall Plan for Deepening the Reform of Education Evaluation in the New Era", and gradually implement the education reform.
【Biology】The difficulty of multiple choice questions is basically the same as in previous years The difficulty of multiple choice questions has increased
Commentator: Zhang Changhe, head of the biology teaching and research team of Zhengzhou Foreign Chinese School
The 2021 College Entrance Examination (Volume B) Biology Test Questions are based on the examination of the core literacy and key abilities of the biology discipline. The difficulty of multiple choice questions is basically the same as in previous years, and the difficulty of subjective questions has increased. Pay attention to the basics, enhance flexibility, guide students to reduce rote memorization and "mechanical brushing", attach importance to the cultivation of ability, and give full play to the positive guiding role of college entrance examination propositions. The outstanding features are the increase in the proportion of subjective expression questions, and the examination of the core literacy of scientific inquiry and scientific thinking, especially the experimental design and experimental analysis questions, the score and difficulty have increased.
Question 1 examines the changes in DNA quantity and chromosomal behavior characteristics of animal cells at different stages of mitosis, reflecting the core concept of "cells proliferate by division", and also examining the difference between mitosis and meiosis. Question 3 comprehensively examines the role of water in life activities, and questions 4 and 5 examine the relevant knowledge of neurotransmitters and pneumococcus pneumoniae respectively, which are the core basic knowledge of the textbook. The 31 questions examined the transport route, targeting, physiological role, etc. of hormone regulation, one of the ways of intercellular information exchange, in the form of a table, continuing the form of last year's proposition, reflecting the basic and at the same time conducive to the examination of the core literacy of biology.
The examination of experiments in high school biology is divided into experimental analysis and experimental design in the context of creative problems in textbooks. Both types of questions are reflected in this year's college entrance examination questions. The four options of the second question of the multiple choice question examine the application of two dyes, trypan blue and gentian violet, the role of hydrochloric acid, and the experiment of water absorption loss in plant cells, all of which are textbook content and highlight the basics. While examining the core knowledge of photosynthesis, the 29 questions require students to be able to design experimental schemes based on given conditions, comprehensively test students' ability to explore biological experiments, and highlight innovation. Question 38 calls for a method for screening target strains using antibiotic resistance genes on plasmid vectors, directly pointing to the actual operation of the experiment. The strengthening of the examination of experimental inquiry ability aims to guide biology teaching to return to the essence of the discipline, strengthen experimental teaching, and help the development of core literacy of the discipline.
Question 30 relies on the joint cultivation of large grasshoppers and double-core grasshoppers in the textbook, and at the same time provides students with information "principle of competition exclusion", examines the analysis and prediction of interspecific competition phenomena, and draws conclusions based on experimental results. This question not only creates a problem situation, but also combines experimental analysis. The material of this question is derived from the textbook, the problem design is higher than the textbook, and the students' understanding and application of ecological knowledge and problem-solving ability are comprehensively examined.
The 32 questions are the traditional problem types of the law of free combination of genes, but the difference is that students are required to draw genetic diagrams and solve practical problems by building models, reflecting the application of models and modeling in scientific thinking methods. This topic also examines the core knowledge of genetic laws on the basis of comprehensive examination, focusing on the students' ability to use model methods to study biological phenomena.
Implications for the future teaching of biology:
Focusing on the fundamental task of Lide Shuren, the 37th question of the national volume B takes the fermentation process technology of soy sauce as the material, and while comprehensively examining the students' core qualities of traditional fermentation technology and microbial cultivation, it shows the traditional wisdom of the working people in our country, highlights the long cultural history of the Chinese nation, and strengthens the cultural self-confidence of the students. This fully reflects the educational value of natural science. It embodies the focus of examination led by virtue and based on wisdom. Biology teachers should make full use of relevant materials in classroom teaching to infiltrate this concept into the biology teaching process and enhance students' national pride.
This year, the national volume B compulsory one 29 points, compulsory two 22 points, compulsory three 24 points, the three compulsory module scores are close, the core knowledge points examined are basic, the materials are mostly derived from teaching materials, but they all focus on understanding and application. This guides our classroom teaching, especially the preparation for the third year of high school, to work the understanding and application of knowledge, rather than blindly brushing the amount of questions and difficulty.