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Recently, the Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Pest Early Warning and Prevention Center released the 8th phase of Guangdong Disease and Pest Information based on the comprehensive analysis of factors such as the source base of diseases and insects, the occurrence of diseases and insects, cultivation management and climate characteristics, and let's take a look at ↓↓
Prediction of the occurrence trend of diseases and insects in the middle and late stages of early rice
Based on the comprehensive analysis of factors such as the source base of diseases and insects, the occurrence law of diseases and insects, cultivation management and climatic characteristics, it is predicted that the overall occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the middle and late stages of early rice in Guangdong Province is medium and local.
First, the trend occurs
Rice planthopper: moderate, localized heavier occurrence, less than last year. The area of occurrence is 8.3 million mu.
Rice longitudinal leaf borer: moderate occurrence, lighter than last year. Occurrence area of 5.6 million acres.
Borer borer: mild, local medium occurrence, of which: dihua borer in the province showed an upward trend, in eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong and some rice areas in the Pearl River Delta moderate occurrence, large borer light occurrence, three-chemical borer light occurrence. The area of occurrence is 3.2 million mu.
Striated blight: moderate to severe. Occurrence area of 9.1 million acres.
Rice blast: mild occurrence, in the historical disease area, susceptible varieties of heavy occurrence. The area of occurrence is 1.8 million mu.
In addition, tarsal mites, rice bugs, rice leafhoppers, orange leaf disease, flax leaf spot disease, bacterial stripe disease, rice aspergillosis, etc. also occur to varying degrees in some rice areas.
Second, the main basis
(1) The current source base of diseases and insects in the field is relatively sufficient.
Rice planthopper: late migration, small number of migration peaks, small amount of migration insects, some parts of the province from the end of March to early April, late April and early May to monitor the migration peak; the density of insect population in the field is mostly low, but the amount of insects on the field and some early planting blocks is large. Under the lights: the white-backed planthopper was first seen under the Enping lamp on March 9, 8 days later than last year, 6 days later than usual, and from the end of March to the beginning of April, Enping, Chaozhou, Gaoming, Haifeng, Nanxiong and other places monitored to move into the peak, the amount of insects moving into the peak is small, and the single lamp peak daily insect attraction is 10-30 heads. In late April, Chaozhou and Foshan monitored the migration peak, and the daily lure of single lamp peak was 80 heads. In early May, Nanxiong, Qujiang, Yangshan, Foshan, Haifeng and other places monitored the migration peak, and the daily lure of single lamp peak was 30-50 heads. Chaozhou had 84 single-lamp insects from April 1 to 5, 218 single-lamp insects from April 21 to 28, 312 single-lamp insects from May 1 to 10 in Nanxiong, and 147 single-lamp insects from May 1 to 10 in Haifeng. Field: From May 1 to 11, the average number of 100 bush insects in the province was 79.58, lower than last year's 248.8, and brown planthoppers accounted for 23.6%, higher than last year. In recent field surveys around the world, the number of 100 bushes of insects is generally 50-200 heads, and the high number is 800-1000 heads. Leizhou station survey, the number of 100 bush insects is generally 200-300 heads; Enping station survey, the field 10 head of 100 bush insects, high 160 heads; Shaoguan station survey, the amount of 100 bush insects generally 0-5, individual field blocks 100-300 heads; Luoding station survey, the amount of 100 bush insects is generally 200-500 heads, high 800 heads; Zijin station survey, the amount of 100 bush insects is generally 10-30 heads, high 110 heads.
Rice longitudinal leaf borer: late migration, the province has not monitored the obvious migration peak, the amount of moths in the field in some parts of western Guangdong is slightly larger, and the density of adult insects in most of the rest is low. Field larvae occur less gently. It first appeared under the lights of Yangchun on March 12, 11 days later than last year and 7 days later than usual. Leizhou station survey, the amount of moths per mu is generally 800-1300 heads; Lianjiang station survey, the amount of moths per mu is generally 170-260 heads, high 2100 heads, the amount of larvae per mu is generally 3500 heads, the high 18500 heads, the leaf curl rate is generally 0.5%, the high 1.8%; Luoding station survey, the field moth volume is small, the amount of moths in the thick green field is 10-30 heads, the larval leaf roll rate is low; Foshan station survey, on May 6, the field saw adult insects for the first time, the amount of moths per mu was 50 heads; Shaoguan station survey, On May 8, the number of moths per mu was 10-30, and the leaf curl rate of larvae was low, generally 0.1%.
Borer borer: The field is dominated by dilated borer and large borer, and the three borers and Taiwan rice borers also occur. Lianjiang Station survey, early planting of field blocks is more harmful, the dry heart rate is generally 0.1%, 0.5% higher; Enping Station survey, drill borer borer in the early planting field block occurs more heavily, mainly with dihua borer and large borer, the pest rate is generally 4%-16%, the high 31%, the amount of larvae per mu is generally 1080-2475 heads, the high 5000 heads, the proportion of dihua borers accounts for 71%; Longchuan Station survey, drill borer occurrence is more serious, mainly dihua borer, the number of larvae per mu is 180 heads, the number of mu dry heart groups is generally 5-10, and the high is up to 40 The rate of harmful plants was 0.1%-0.5%; in the haifeng station survey, the occurrence of the second borer in the field was relatively heavy, the occurrence area was 69,300 mu, and the dry heart rate was 0.16-0.31%; in the Shaoguan station survey, the dry heart seedlings in the field were more common, and the dry heart rate of the heavy field blocks was generally 1%-2%, and the high heart rate was 5%.
Rice leaf blast: This year, there was little rainfall in Our province from January to April, and the flood season was late (the flood on April 15), resulting in a late occurrence of rice blast, but leaf blast spread rapidly in some areas after the flood. Enping Station survey, in some conventional rice self-retention, the occurrence of field disease leaf rate of 38%-45%, high 70%, the disease index of 29.4; Yangshan Station survey, leaf blast in the early planting of Meixiang Zhan, Aotai silk seedlings and other conventional rice varieties occurred more seriously, the disease leaf rate is generally 1.54%-14.29%, high 23.6%; Nanxiong Station survey, Meixiang accounted for and other disease varieties have been commonly occurred, the disease rate is generally 0.26%-5.18%, high 18.77%, individual field blocks appear "sitting on the tree"; According to the zijin station survey, the incidence of susceptible disease varieties is more serious, and the disease leaf rate is generally 0.7%-1.8%, which is higher than 5%.
Blight: occurs more severely on early patches. From May 1 to 11, the average disease cluster rate in the province was 7.31%, and the disease plant rate was 4.42%. Lianjiang Station survey, the disease cluster rate is generally 21.5%, 45.3% high, the disease plant rate is 8.6%, the high 31.7%; Luoding Station survey, the field disease plant rate is 10%-15%; Longmen Station survey, in the early throwing, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, tillering more plots occur more seriously, the disease plant rate is 25%; Meixian Station survey, the field has been widespread, the field survey disease cluster rate is generally 30%-40%, high 60%-70%; Renhua Station survey, in the early planting block began to occur, the disease cluster rate averaged 13.4%, The average rate of diseased strains was 5.78%.
In addition, flax leaf spot disease, orange leaf disease, bacterial stripe disease, white leaf blight, etc. have occurred in local rice areas.
(2) Climatic conditions are favorable for the occurrence of diseases and insects.
According to the provincial climate center, this year's dragon boat water rainfall as a whole is close to the same period of history, but the precipitation time and space distribution is uneven, the stage is strong, heavy precipitation is mainly concentrated in western Guangdong, the Pearl River Delta and other regions, the rainfall in southwest Guangdong in May is more than 1-20%, the rest of the area is less than 1-40%, in mid-to-late May the province has three major rainfall processes, most of the rainfall in June is more in the province, and there may be a tropical cyclone affecting our province in June, which is conducive to the continuous migration, landing and reproduction of rice migratory pests. It is also conducive to the breeding and spread of other diseases and insect pests of rice.
(3) Cultivation conditions and variety resistance are beneficial to the occurrence of diseases and insects.
This spring, there is drought and little rain in our province, the rice planting period is generally lengthened, and there is a certain area of field making in some parts of northern Guangdong, resulting in inconsistent rice growth periods, more bridge fields, which is conducive to the diversion of a variety of diseases and insects; there are many varieties of early rice planting, and farmers have a certain planting area for self-retained seeds and susceptible varieties, and some resistant varieties are conducive to the occurrence of diseases such as rice blast and white leaf blight; the field depression in the middle and late stages of early rice is high, and it is easy to form a field microclimate with moderate temperature and high humidity, which is conducive to striated blight. Breeding and multiplication of various diseases and insects such as rice planthoppers.
3. Prevention and control recommendations
The middle and late stages of early rice are the key period for the formation of yields, and it is also a period when major diseases and insects are concentrated as pests, and all localities should stand on the political high plane of fighting the battle of "insects and grain grabbing grain" and ensuring food security, enhance their awareness of disaster prevention and reduction, strengthen organizational leadership, and ensure that all prevention and control measures are implemented in a down-to-earth manner.
First, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of diseases and insects, encrypt the frequency of monitoring, expand the scope of investigation, accurately grasp the epidemic dynamics of diseases and insect pests, timely issue forecast and early warning information, and increase the household rate of disease and insect information.
Second, it is necessary to highlight the key points of prevention and control. Seize the critical period of rice fracture prevention and control, focus on the prevention and control of rice "two migration" pests, drill borer borer, rice blast, striped blight and other major diseases and insect pests. Rice planthoppers, rice longitudinal leaf borers, and drill borer borers should be well controlled during the peak period of young nymphs (larvae), and in the later stage, we should focus on the prevention and control of brown planthoppers to prevent causing large-scale "piercing"; rice blast disease should be well controlled twice at the fracture stage and the panicle stage to prevent the panicle neck plague epidemic.
Third, it is necessary to promote green prevention and control and professional unified prevention and control, give priority to the use of high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides and green and environmentally friendly biological agents, and promote high-efficiency machinery such as plant protection drones to grab the sun and apply drugs. Fourth, it is necessary to do a good job in checking the effectiveness of prevention and control after application, and to make up for the leakage of treatment and prevention and control in a timely manner, to prevent the occurrence of "lost fields" and "missed fields", and to ensure that the prevention and control of diseases and insects achieve practical results.
Source丨Guangdong Agricultural Pest Early Warning and Control Center Guangdong Disease and Pest Information No. 8
Editor 丨Nong Caijun
Contact nongcai jun丨 18565265490
