Fertilizer is reduced, rice yield is increased! Hubei is an important grain-producing area in China, grain production has maintained growth year after year, and chemical fertilizers and pesticides have made important contributions. However, the long-term application, overuse and blind application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have brought about increased costs and environmental pollution. In order to change this situation, rice fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency technology came into being, and achieved remarkable results. Let's take a look at what are the chemical pesticide reduction techniques?
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1. Low stubble harvesting and plowing pupae removal technology. Using the method of low stubble harvesting, and in the spring of the second borer and three borer pupae period, the rice field is ploughed for 7-10 days, which can eliminate about 70% of the wintering insects, and achieve the purpose of effectively reducing the population base of borers.
2. Vetiver attracting borer technology. The test showed that 82.03% of the eggs of the dimorph were laid on the vetiver, which was 4.56 times that of the rice plants. Vetiver contains toxic active substances that have a lethal effect on dimorphic borer larvae and are high in tannins (1.3 times that of rice). Affects the digestive enzyme activity in the pest, causes digestive disorders, affects its normal physiological activities, and eventually dies. The optimal field layout for controlling rice dicarbonate moths planted with vetiver on the periphery of the rice field or roadside is 3-5 m between bushes and 50–60 m between rows. Vetiver is very sensitive to herbicides, and special attention should be paid to isolating herbicides when applying them.
3. Technologies for the protection of non-paddy habitats. Enriching non-paddy habitats in agro-ecology is an effective way to control the occurrence of insect pests. In winter, the planting of green manure plants, habitat plants such as field grass (flowers), flower arrangement planting such as zibai and millet grass, and planting honey source plants such as sesame seeds can effectively enrich non-rice habitats.
4. Natural enemy control technology. At present, domestic natural enemy products are divided into three major categories: parasitic bees, predatory ladybirds, predatory mites, predatory grasshoppers and predatory borers, among which the commercialized borer yellow-footed velvet cocoon peak on rice, the small-bellied cocoon pine of the rice borer and the caterpillar red-eyed bee, the first two mainly parasitic eggs of the trismosic borer, the diormal borer and the eggs of the big borer, and the caterpillar red-eyed bee mainly parasitizes the eggs of the rice longitudinal leaf borer, the rice borer borer and the rice bract. With the use of poisonous bee cards, the incidence of rice longitudinal leaf borer and dimorphic borer was reduced by 60% and 80%, respectively. In addition to the red-eyed wasps, spiders have good control over rice planthoppers.
5. Silicon-zinc synergy and micro-fertilization technology. The soil effective silicon and zinc content in the main rice areas of Hubei is low, about 70% of the soil is zinc deficiency, 50% of the soil is silicon deficiency, rice silicon deficiency causes a significant weakening of fertility, stem and leaf distortion, leaf brown dryness, panicle delay, occurrence of white panicles, increase in grains, malformed rice husks, fruiting disorders, brown dots in rice husks, etc., rice zinc deficiency causes zombie seedlings, sitting garden, red seedling disease, fire seedlings and other phenomena. Experimental studies have shown that within the experimental dose range, the amount of potassium applied to rice increased, the harm of rice blight, rice longitudinal leaf borer and borer was reduced, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied within the experimental dose range was significantly positively correlated with rice yield, and the rational application of silicon and zinc fertilizers could also inhibit the occurrence of rice blast.
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1. Sexual attractant trapping technology. At present, the commercialized cores on rice include dihua borer, triple borer, large borer, rice longitudinal leaf borer, rice bracts, armyworms and Taiwan rice borer, etc., with an effective period of 1 month, 2 months and 3 months, and 1 trap per mu of field can be placed. Note: The field placement time must be "early", before the borer overwinters and feathers (including the previous crop field), the rice longitudinal leaf borer is set at the first sight of the migration generation; the area should be "large" and continuous; the trap is placed in the field "outer and dense"; the trap is "depending on the insect" at the installation height.
2. Light trapping (killing) technology. Lighting enticing technology is a control method that uses the behavior habit of insects tending to the light source or moving away from the light source to promote the concentration of insects in a fixed position. Studies have shown that the dimorph borer, rice longitudinal leaf borer and brown planthopper are concentrated in the first half of the night on the lights, of which the dimorphic borer is mainly concentrated between 22:00 and 0:00 on the lamp, and the rice longitudinal leaf borer and brown planthopper are mainly concentrated in the lamp at 20:00 ~ 22:00. Therefore, the role of eliminating pests and protecting natural enemies can be achieved by controlling the time of switching on and off the lights.
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1. Seed treatment technology. The use methods of rice seed treatment include soaking seeds, seed mixing and seed coating. Before sowing, first dry rice seeds for 1-2 days, and then use 25% imidamine emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid or strong chlorine 1000 times liquid to prevent seedling diseases such as blight, malignant seedling disease and rice blast. Seed impregnation or seed mixing with imidacloprid can control rice planthoppers and rice thrips.
2. Transplanting technology with medicine. Refers to the last pesticide used in the seedling stage before rice transplanting, the application of "dowry medicine" should be used 2-3 days before rice transplanting, and the agent should be used in one dose of multi-purpose, disease and insect treatment, so as to reduce the number of field applications and save labor.
3. Biological pesticides replace chemical pesticide technology. At present, the plant-derived pesticides registered on rice are: allicin, cnidin, phenolic ketone, Bacillus subtilis; microbial source pesticides are: Pseudomonas fluorescentis, Bacillus amylogenes, Oligoandrostic rot mold, shiitake polysaccharides, scarab green zombies and short stable stalk bacteria. Scarab green zombie has a good anti-effect on rice dimorph borer, rice longitudinal leaf borer, rice planthopper and rice elephant beetle, and short-stable stalk fungus has a good anti-effect on rice dimorph borer and rice longitudinal leaf borer.
4. Green additive reduction and efficiency enhancement technology. Spray additives can improve the surface tension of the liquid, increase the penetration capacity of the agent, improve the ability to resist rain erosion, anti-drift, anti-evaporation, anti-photolysis, improve the compatibility of different pesticides or foliar fertilizers, etc., greatly improve the utilization rate of pesticides, and can make up for the adaptability of conventional pesticide dosage products to low-volume or ultra-low-volume spray operations, thereby improving the prevention and control effect, and promoting the application of new technologies such as precision application and reduced amount of pesticide.
5. Plant immuno-inducing technology. Plant immune inducers are drugs or their metabolites that do not have direct bactericidal or antiviral activity, but can induce the plant immune system to obtain or improve resistance to pathogens and stress resistance. It has the characteristics of disease resistance, increase production, improvement of quality, no residue, no pollution of the environment, and safety of people and livestock. It is a new field that emerged after the vaccine engineering technology after human vaccines and animal vaccines, a new practice of scientific control of diseases and insect pests by scientists on the basis of revealing the theory of plant-disease-insect pest-biopesticide relationship, and a strategic commanding height of the current new pesticide development strategy.
6. Precision application technology. The first is the use of high-efficiency pharmaceutical devices and technologies. For example, the paddy field uses a double-boat self-propelled highland gap sprayer (spray rod length of 8 m), the medicine box can carry 100 L of pesticides at a time, which can complete the whole mechanized spraying from rice seedlings to maturity, and the operation efficiency reaches 0.8 hm2/h, the anti-effect on rice planthoppers can reach 96.82%, and the anti-effect on rice longitudinal leaf borer can reach 90.4%. Agricultural plant protection UAVs can greatly improve the efficiency of work performance and pesticide utilization.
Secondly, the prevention and control indicators can be appropriately improved. In different regions, according to the insect resistance (resistance) and compensation ability of different rice and the growth period, the correction and improvement of control indicators can effectively reduce the number and amount of medication. For example, in the early stages of rice growth, rice longitudinal leaf borer can be abandoned.
7. Appropriate medication. The young larval (nymph) phase of most pests, the initial transmission and infestation of the disease, is the best period for control. For example, rice aspergillosis is administered for prevention 7 to 10 days before the rice break (rice leaf pillow usually), and in case of rainy weather, the second application is given after 7 days.
Source: Voice of Hubei, excerpted from the article "Three Elements of Rice Fertilizer And Pesticide Reduction and Efficiency", reprinted only to share high-quality content, if there is infringement, hope to contact to delete!