According to the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests in Nanning City in the first half of the year, with reference to the medium and long-term meteorological forecast of Nanning City and the analysis of the current agricultural production progress, variety layout and other factors, it is expected that the overall incidence trend of crop diseases and insect pests in the second half of this year in our city will be moderate, and the main diseases and insect pests are rice planthopper, rice longitudinal leaf borer, rice stripe blight, rice blast, grassland night moth, corn borer, sugarcane borer, farmland rat infestation, etc.
First, the occurrence trend of major pests and diseases
Second, the main basis
1. Rice planthopper. The occurrence in the first half of the year was lighter than the same period in previous years, and the amount of migration was not large, but there was still a certain source of insects. According to the survey, the weighted average residue of each type of rice planthopper in the three generations was 32 heads/100 bushes in Linxian County, 100 heads/100 bushes in Hengxian County, 115 heads/100 bushes in Binyang County, and 30 heads/100 bushes in Long'an County.
2. Rice longitudinal curl leaf borer. In the first half of the year, the damage of rice longitudinal leaf borer was generally common, and the leaf curl rate could reach 19% to 35%, and some plots were as high as 50%. According to the survey, the weighted average residue of the third generation of rice longitudinal leaf borer in various types of fields was 2 head/100 bushes in the forest, 32 heads/100 bushes in Hengxian County, 3 heads/100 bushes in Binyang, and 1 head/100 bushes in Long'an County.
3. Rice borer. In recent years, the density of residual insects in the trischemistry has been low, and only sporadic larvae have been seen in the field. The occurrence area of dihua borer and Taiwan rice borer has increased year by year, and the damage in the first half of the year is common, there is a certain amount of residual insects, and the white panicle rate in local areas is 2% to 5%.
4. Rice blight. In the first half of the year, some plots had serious diseases, and the residue of bacterial sources was common. According to the survey, the average disease cluster rate in Binyang County is 21%, the highest is 67%,; the average disease cluster rate in Shanglin County is 10.2%, the highest is 28.5%; the average disease cluster rate in Binyang County is 6.79%, the highest is 15%; the average disease cluster rate in Long'an County is 24.08%, the highest is 62.96%,; and the average disease cluster rate in Mashan County is 8.2%, the highest is 23.7%. In the middle and late stages of late rice, if there is high temperature and rainy weather, it is conducive to the occurrence of disease epidemics, and long-term water retention in the field to prevent rat infestation in some areas is also conducive to the occurrence of the disease.
5. Rice blast. There is a certain accumulation of fungal sources in the field; in some areas, late rice is planted with disease-susceptible varieties all year round, and if the temperature and humidity during the ear extraction period are suitable, it is conducive to the occurrence of this disease, and the occurrence of local fields is more serious.
6. Southern rice black-striped dwarf disease. Last year's late rice occurrence was relatively mild, this year's early rice individual plots sporadic occurrence, if the late rice in the early wind and rain weather, it will be conducive to the migration of adult insects from other places, so that the probability of poison transmission increases, the area and extent of the damage will be aggravated.
7. Rice bacterial stripe disease. Late rice is affected by typhoon rain in the middle and late stages, which is easy to cause rice leaf injuries and diseases, causing large-scale infection.
8. Rice tarsal mite. The area of occurrence has an upward trend, and it is currently more serious in Binyang, Hengxian and other places.
9. Grassland nocturnal moth. The occurrence is common, the lack of local field blocks in some areas, and the bridge field blocks are more, and the current summer maize and autumn maize that have emerged from seedlings have been harmed.
10. Corn large spot disease. In the first half of the year, it occurred in Mashan, Long'an, Shanglin and other places with a large area and a certain source of bacteria.
11. Sugarcane diseases and insect pests. The area of root cane is large, and it has been continuously cultivated for many years; the difficulty of control of sugarcane in the middle and late stages has led to the accumulation of insect sources. Sugarcane thrips also occur in poorly managed plots and during dry seasons.
12. Citrus mites. Citrus planting area is large, some unmanaged orchards have a high source base of insects, July to August is the peak period for the occurrence of citrus rust spiders, October and November climate is suitable for citrus red spiders to occur as pests, and the insect generations overlap and have strong resistance.
13. Citrus lice and yellow dragon disease. Some of the orphan orchards have a certain source of insects. Improper control of psyllids may cause yellow dragon disease.
14. Farmland rat infestation. The base of rat sources is large, and the food is abundant in the second half of the year, coupled with the difficulty of unified control, which is conducive to the reproduction of pest rats.
III. Opinions on Prevention and Control
1. Plant protection departments at all levels should continue to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of diseases and insect pests in light of the actual local conditions, and while doing a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of food crops, increase the prediction and forecasting of diseases and insect pests in the main cash crops and demonstration areas, accurately and timely release disease and pest information, report to local government departments and business supervisors, and provide guiding opinions on disease and pest control.
2. Properly control diseases and insects, and timely guide the masses to carry out timely prevention and control and scientific prevention. Grasping the two keys of rice in the early stage of the rice field and the field, using measures such as seed disinfection, insect net seedlings, spraying of dowry drugs, and prevention and control of rice planthoppers to prevent the occurrence of black-striped dwarf disease and other rice virus diseases in the southern rice. In the early stage of late rice, rice planthopper and rice longitudinal leaf borer are the focus of prevention and control, and rice borers are also treated; in the middle and late stages, the prevention and control of rice planthoppers and rice pattern blight are the mainstays, and the historical occurrence areas should pay attention to the prevention and control of rice ear neck blast during the pregnant ear and panicle stage. At present, summer maize and autumn maize that have emerged from seedlings are common pests, and it is necessary to seize the 1-3 instar larval stage and use highly effective agents with egg killing effect to control the grassland night moth as a pest. At the same time, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of the harm caused by the grassland night moth on sugarcane, bananas and other crops.
3. Strengthen scientific and safe drug use guidance, carry out scientific and safe drug use training activities, promote high-efficiency and low-risk pesticide varieties and high-efficiency pharmaceutical equipment, guide agricultural producers to carry out standard prevention and treatment, symptomatic drug selection, timely and appropriate use of drugs, strictly implement the provisions on safe interval drug use, strictly prevent illegal use of drugs, and avoid indiscriminate use.
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Source: Text/Nanning Plant Protection Station Photo/Nanning Plant Protection Station, comprehensive finishing
Editor: Nanning Agricultural Information Center
Legal counsel unit: Guangxi Fayan Law Firm
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