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In March 1937, 21,800 people of the Red Army's Western Route Army were besieged by the "Majia Army", and almost the entire army was destroyed under the exhaustion of ammunition, and only Xu Xiangqian, Li Xiannian, Wang Shusheng and other more than 500 people survived.
The battle was extremely brutal, the Ma family army was strong and strong, 70,000 to 80,000 cavalry, with the help of aircraft artillery, launched countless charges against the Red Army, more than 8,000 Red Army killed, more than 5,600 Red Army was brutally killed.
The PARTY Central Committee and Chairman Mao were very angry when they heard this bad news, and Peng Dehuai was furious and made up his mind not to repay this vengeance and vow not to give up!
Why was the "Ma Family Army" so powerful, how did the Western Route Army completely annihilate it, and what means did Peng Dehuai use to suppress the "Ma Family Army" and avenge the bloody sea of revenge for the Western Route Army?
Chairman Mao and Peng Dehuai
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" >. </h1>
The "Ma Jiajun" consists of two parts, one is ma Qi and Ma Bufang, who have been in Qinghai for many years, and their forces are called "Qingma"; the other is Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin, who have been running Ningxia for many years, and they are called "Ningma".
The Hui forces of the Ma family have become increasingly powerful in the northwest since the Ming and Qing dynasties, and before liberation, they were known as the "Four Horses of the Northwest", namely Ma Bufang, Ma Buqing, Ma Hongkui and Ma Hongbin, who were the emperors of the earth who dominated the northwest and were extremely powerful.
Ma Bufang's grandfather Ma Haiyan was promoted to the rank of deputy general of the Qing Army, and after the Eight-Nation Alliance captured Beijing, Ma Haiyan escorted Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor as the steward of the Gansu Jianjian Army, and later died of illness in Xuanhua, Hebei, cixi felt his loyalty, and ordered his son Ma Qi to take his place.
Ma Qi founded the Ning Navy in 1915, thus laying the foundation for the Ma family's warlord cause in the Qinghai region. Ma Qi was very soberly aware that in that era of soldiers and horses, there was no army, and promotions, wealth, and land occupation were all rootless Ping, so the Ma family was fierce.
Ma Qi was well versed in the way of being an official, observed the color of the situation, and followed the trend, and when the Kuomintang army was stationed in the northwest, Ma Qi fought and talked with the Kuomintang, and his power was repeated several times, and finally gained a firm foothold.
In 1927, Ma Qi was accepted by Sun Lianzhong of Qinghai and appointed commander of the 26th Division of the Seventh Front Of the National Revolutionary Army, and later served as the commander of the Gansu Bandits, and his subordinates served as officers at all levels, and his son Ma Bufang was appointed as a major staff officer at the age of 12.
In that year, Ma Zhongying, a direct member of the Ma family, pulled the flag against Feng Yuxiang, and the "Hehuang Incident" occurred. The incident lasted for three years, the Hui and Han people killed each other, hundreds of thousands of people died tragically under the knife of the soldiers, and the "Ma Family Army" skinned, dug out the heart, and lit the oil lamp.
Ma Qi turned his hands into clouds and overturned his hands into rain, helped the Kuomintang suppress the Hui people in this incident, and ordered his son to take the "Ma Family Army" south to participate in the great war between Chiang Kai-shek and Yan, safely surviving the political crisis, and his power expanded again.
The "Ma family army" is mainly cavalry, the Ma family plundered wealth in the northwest, and the troops under them were well fed, well-equipped, fierce, well-trained, and extremely effective, with nearly 150,000 troops at the strongest.
In Ma Bufang's generation, his power reached its peak and became the famous "King of Qinghai", and after Chiang Kai-shek appointed him as the military and political chief of the Northwest, he was called the "King of the Northwest", and he once said smugly: "I did what my ancestors did not do, and my official position was fished out of blood!" ”
Ma Bufang
The Ma family's rule over the Qinghai and Ningxia regions was dominated by military conquest, and whoever disobeyed was killed directly, and the brutality was so extreme that there was no need for a reason at all. Whether it is living Buddhas, Han Chinese, Hui people, temples, nunneries, wherever the "Ma Family Army" goes, it is common to arbitrarily burn and loot, light sky lanterns, dig up bile, fine and torture.
They also forced the Mongol tibetans to send women to the military camps every night for sexual pleasure, and to take them away if they had a posture, and most of them were killed. The two provinces of Qingdao and Ning talk about the change of horse color, and the Tibetans in Qinghai and Hainan still grit their teeth when they talk about the Ma family.
The Ma family is known for its cruelty and murderousness, and it is even more unscrupulous to kill prisoners. In 1929, the Yongchang militia killed the brigade commander Ma Yanhai, and when the Ma family army attacked Yongchang City, it killed 2299 men in the city, making Yongchang a "widow's city".
In 1937, more than 5,600 captured Red Army soldiers in the Western Route Army were also slaughtered, and Ma Bufang exchanged the blood of Red Army soldiers for Chiang Kai-shek's favor for himself, and the Ma family became an important anti-communist force in the northwest.
For many years, the "Ma family army" has vigorously engaged in feudal division in the northwest and used extremely cruel means to squeeze and plunder the people of all ethnic groups in the northwest, making the three provinces of Gansu, Qingdao, and Ningxia the most backward and darkest areas in the country.
Horse Army cavalry
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="32" > second, the beginning and end of the West Road Army</h1>
In June 1935, the Central Red Army and the Red Fourth Front met in The Victory Division of Maogong in Sichuan, at this time the Central Red Army suffered heavy casualties due to several breakthroughs in the encirclement and blockade of the Kuomintang, and urgently needed the support of the Red Fourth Front.
The Red Fourth Front was strong and well-equipped, with more than 80,000 men, but Zhang Guotao, seeing that the Central Red Army was weak, had a crooked idea of seizing power and openly opposed Chairman Mao's strategy of moving north.
After the failure to seize power, Zhang Guotao set up another pseudo-central committee, appointed himself as the chairman, and led the Red Fourth Front army to the south; although Chairman Mao repeatedly expressed his feelings for the crisis of going south to him, Zhang Guotao always persisted in a bloody battle with hundreds of thousands of Kuomintang troops in the Chuankang area, and finally suffered heavy losses, and had to concede defeat to Chairman Mao and go north to northern Shaanxi.
On October 9, 1936, the Red I, II and IV sides met in victory in Huining, and the 25,000-mile long march that shocked the world ended in victory. Although the Red Fourth Front experienced many twists and turns, it finally had high morale and embarked on a new journey.
After the three main forces met, the Party Central Committee formulated the policy of "first creating an anti-Japanese situation in the northwest region," and more than 21,800 commanders and fighters of the 5th, 9th, and 30th armies of the Red Fourth Front crossed the Yellow River to the west to implement the "Ningxia Operational Plan."
On November 11, the Party Central Committee decided to rename the Hexi Army the Western Route Army, appoint Chen Changhao as chairman and Xu Xiangqian as vice chairman, and the task was changed to "open the road from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region to Xinjiang." If the Western Route Army wants to achieve this strategic goal, they will have to face a very difficult enemy, that is, the notorious "Majia Army" entrenched in the northwest.
At this time, the West Road Army was in short supply of food and ammunition, and there was not enough for everyone to shoot a shot, and each shot could only be distributed with a dozen bullets. In order to carry out the orders of the Party Central Committee, under extremely difficult conditions, the Western Route Army was divided into three columns and advanced.
On November 15, the Red 9th Army first occupied the Key Chong "Gulang" in the Hexi Corridor, which had fallen into disrepair and was in ruins, which was extremely unfavorable for defense, while the enemy's cavalry could fully deploy its formation.
On the day that the Red 9th Army occupied Gulang City, the "MaJia Army" firmly besieged Gulang City with three cavalry brigades, two infantry brigades, and two militia regiments, and the Red 9Th Army launched a fierce battle with the enemy under such unfavorable conditions.
The enemy's horses and infantry, with the help of aircraft artillery, attacked the Red 9 Army from all directions, and the Red 9 Army did not even build a simple defensive position, and could only rush to the battle.
Oil painting of the Western Route Army
After three days of bloody fighting, the Red 9th Army lost one-third of its strength, and Chen Bozhi, chief of staff of the army, Wang Haiqing, commander of the 25th Division, and Yi Hanwen, political commissar of the 27th Division, were martyred. Under the support of a regiment of the 30th Army, the Red 9th Army broke out of the siege. After retiring from Gulang, Wang Shusheng, who was recuperating with the Red 9th Army, was appointed by Xu Xiangqian as deputy commander-in-chief and commander of the 9th Army.
This was the first contest between the Red Army and the "Ma Family Army," and everyone found that the "Ma Family Army" was even stronger in combat effectiveness than Chiang Kai-shek's concubines, especially the cavalry, who were well-trained and fearless of death, and the other miscellaneous warlords of the Kuomintang were even more incomparable.
The "MaJia Army" also learned the bravery and tenacity of the Red Army, although it was assisted by aircraft artillery and the Red Army's firepower was poor, but it was a draw, losing two or three thousand people.
At this time, the situation facing the Western Route Army was extremely grim, and the local ethnic minority masses were deeply deceived by the reactionaries about the contradiction between Hui and Han, and regarded the Red Army as a snake and scorpion, and were unwilling to get close to the Red Army. The Red Army was not familiar with the land, could not replenish food, ammunition and soldiers, coupled with the cold weather, the enemy cavalry moved quickly and other unfavorable factors, the Red Army was full of difficulties.
The Red Army fought all the way through the Shandan, Yongchang, and Liangzhou areas, fighting desperately for two months, the Red Army killed more than 6,000 enemy troops, and its own personnel were seriously reduced, leaving only more than 15,000 people.
On the eve of New Year's Day in 1937, the Western Route Army continued to advance westward in accordance with the instructions of the central authorities, while the "Majia Army" was in hot pursuit behind it and made surprise attacks from time to time. The Western Route Army took the Red 5th Army as the vanguard, and after the Red 30th Army Hall, the Red 5th Army occupied Gaotai on New Year's Day, and the Red 9th Army and the Red 30th Army entered the Ni family camp. There was plenty of food here, and the Western Route Army decided to rest here.
Just over a month later, the "Majia Army" sent more than 30,000 people to besiege Gaotai layer by layer, and the most tragic battle since the West Road Army marched west began. The battle lasted for 9 consecutive days, and by January 20, the Red 5Th Army was outnumbered, and although it gave the "Majia Army" a fatal blow, the commander Dong Zhentang and more than 3,000 old Red Army soldiers below died heroically.
On January 31, the enemy took advantage of the victory to pursue, bombarded the Ni family camp with heavy artillery, and more than 80,000 horses and infantry attacked the Red Army from all sides. The Red Army had no heavy weapons and few bullets left, so it could only put the enemy in and fight, but the enemy's cavalry superiority was so great that the Red Army could only resist the enemy's onslaught.
The soldiers of the Red Army fought to the death with the enemy army, stabbed with bayonets and split with large knives, and the sky of the two armies was dark, the Red 5 soldiers and horses were killed and injured, and the Red 9 Army, which suffered heavy losses in Gulang, became the main force. After five days and five nights of continuous fighting, the Western Route Army only had more than 8,000 people left.
In view of the fact that the long-term siege was extremely unfavorable to the Red Army, the Western Route Army decided to return to the east, and the whole army broke through from the Ni family camp in two roads, left and right, and reached the area of Xidongbao on the 24th.
Xu Xiangqian
At this time, the enemy was extremely arrogant, believing that the Red Army was already vulnerable, and the enemy gendarmerie regiment broke away from the brigade and pursued the Red Army fiercely. Xu Xiangqian resolutely approved Li Xiannian to lead the 30th Army and Wang Shusheng to lead the 9th Army, firing a horse gun, completely annihilating more than 800 of the enemy's gendarmes, capturing more than 400 pistols, more than 800 horse guns, and a large amount of ammunition and horses.
The Red Army, which had been fighting hard for many days, was victorious in morale and was preparing to continue its eastward march to get rid of the enemy. However, Chen Changhao, the main person in charge of the Western Route Army, was blinded by the victory, and despite the opposition of Xu Xiangqian and others, he decided to return to the Ni family camp and continue to march west to complete the original task. This one wrong decision led to the total annihilation of the Western Route Army.
After returning to the Ni family camp, all the wounded left by the troops' breakthrough were brutally killed by the "Ma family army" in various ways. After only one night, the Western Route Army was once again surrounded by tens of thousands of enemy troops, and after 9 days and nights of repeated charging and killing, the Western Route Army ran out of ammunition and food, and the soldiers were in a desperate situation, so they had to break through again.
By the night of March 11, the Red Army had only 1,500 men left to retreat to qilian mountain, and at this time of life and death, the Western Route Army decided to break through in two detachments.
The left detachment, led by Li Xiannian, broke through to The direction of Xinjiang, with a total of more than 1,000 people; the right detachment, led by Wang Shusheng, broke through to the direction of the Yellow River to the east, with more than 500 people. Chen Changhao and Xu Xiangqian took another escort detachment and returned to northern Shaanxi to report the situation to the Party Central Committee.
On the eastward return to Xuzhong, Chen Changhao fell ill in a village, and the escort team was found and killed by the enemy while looking for water. Xu Xiangqian had to embark on a journey to northern Shaanxi alone, and on the way through Liangzhou, he met Cao Ying, the commander of the Western Route Army's special agent battalion, and the two crossed the blockade, met Geng Biao, chief of staff of the Red Fourth Army, in a place called Xiao Hoard, and arrived in Yan'an on June 18.
Chen Changhao, dressed as a beggar, arrived in Wuhan in June and then in Yan'an.
After the breakthrough, the left detachment led by Li Xiannian only had more than 500 people, and at the end of April, it arrived at Xingxingxia at the junction of Gansu and Xinjiang, and under the assistance of Chen Yun and Teng Daiyuan, entered Urumqi, preserving a number of backbone forces for the party and the Red Fourth Front.
After the right detachment led by Wang Shusheng was scattered by the enemy, he crossed the desert with several soldiers, crossed the Yellow River in disguise, found the Red Army in Tongxin County, and arrived in Yan'an in August.
The Western Route Army was completely annihilated in the battle with the "Majia Army", more than 7,000 soldiers were killed, and more than 5,600 were captured and brutally killed. The means of "Ma Jiajun" are extremely cruel, and the author cannot bear to describe them!
Li Xiannian
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="86" >3, Peng Dehuai swept away the "MaJia army" and avenged the blood sea for the Western Route Army. </h1>
The hands of the "Ma Jiajun" were stained with the blood of the red army officers, and their deeds would surely be punished by heaven. Peng Dehuai heard this bad news, angrily rushed to the crown, and made a vow from then on not to repay this revenge, and vowed not to give up!
In the spring of 1949, after waiting for 12 years, Peng Dehuai finally waited for the opportunity. At this time, the Kuomintang suffered disastrous defeats in major battlefields across the country, and after the three major battles of Liaoshen, Pingjin, and Huaihai and the crossing of the Dajiang River by a million heroes, the regular Kuomintang army was defeated by nearly 2 million people, and the collapse of the Chiang Kai-shek dynasty had entered the countdown.
Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui were terrified, while Chiang Kai-shek stepped up his efforts to encircle and make use of the "Ma Family Army" and made a wish to the officials.
The First Field Army led by Peng Dehuai originally had only 155,000 People's Liberation Army troops, but in the face of Hu Zongnan and the 400,000 troops of the "Ma Family Army", they have been holding back and looking for opportunities. In April 1949, during the general offensive phase of the Taiyuan Campaign, the commander-in-chief Xu Xiangqian was unable to command due to illness, so Chairman Mao transferred Peng Dehuai to command the general attack on Taiyuan.
After besieging Taiyuan for half a year and making a general offensive, Chairman Mao dispatched the 18th Army To the Zhou Shi And the 19th Army to Yang Dezhi's department to establish the First Field Army in preparation for the liberation of the Great Northwest. At this time, the First Field Army already had more than 400,000 soldiers, and Peng Dehuai's bitter opportunity to avenge the Western Route Army finally came.
In order to completely annihilate the "Ma family army", Peng Dehuai first launched the "Fumei Campaign" to divide Hu and Ma, and this battle was fought brilliantly, Peng Dehuai commanded the troops to bravely intersperse, chase and fight fiercely, and the southern part of Hu Zong lost his armor and was annihilated by Yiye, and more than 45,000 people in 4 armies were annihilated.
In the "Battle of Fumei", the People's Liberation Army won a great victory, and Hu Zongnan was seriously injured, and 4 of the 13 armies were gone, except for the remaining troops, there was no strategic initiative, so they retreated to Hanzhong. The total strength of Ichino's strength changed from comparative superiority to absolute superiority, and it also established a foundation for "clamping down on horses."
After Hu Zongnan lost the initiative, Chiang Kai-shek, in order to take advantage of Ma Bufang, appointed him as the acting military and political chief of the northwest, and took charge of the troops of the four provinces of Qing, Gansu, Ning, and New Zealand. Ma Bufang held 140,000 soldiers and horses, and Hu Zongnan's title of "King of the Northwest" also changed to his head, making Ma Bufang even more arrogant.
As the old saying goes, "If you want to destroy it, you must first make it crazy", Ma Bufang believed that he could compete with Peng Dehuai, so he decided to launch the "Battle of Pingliang" plan.
Chairman Mao was well aware of the reactionary and ferocious horse bandits, and on May 26, June 22, June 26, and July 14, he sent four consecutive telegrams to Peng Dehuai: We must not underestimate the horse bandits, and we must wait for the main forces of the 18th Corps and 19th Corps to reach their predetermined positions before launching an attack.
Of course, Peng Dehuai knew that the "Ma Jiajun" came and went like the wind, and at the critical period when the whole country was about to win a complete victory, he demanded that he must not make the mistake of lightly attacking the enemy, and Chairman Mao's four reminders made Peng Dehuai extremely calm.
Peng Dehuai
On the one hand, Peng Dehuai deployed troops to surround Ma Bufang layer by layer, and on the other hand, he took advantage of the contradiction between Ma Bufang's desire to have his son Ma Jiyuan as chairman of the Gansu provincial government and Ma Hongkui, split Ma Bufang's alliance with Ma Hongkui, and caused Ma Hongkui's "Ningma" to retreat to the north of Pingliang, while Ma Bufang's "Qingma" was directly trapped in Peng Dehuai's encirclement.
In the Battle of Renjiahe, Yiye clamped down the four armies of the "Qingma" in Ningxia, completely blocking the connection between the "two horses." Ma Bufang himself was unable to protect himself, and "Ningma" did not dare to act rashly.
Peng Dehuai took advantage of the situation to launch the Lanzhou Campaign, the three-way army launched a general attack from three sides on August 25, the battle was extremely fierce, at noon on August 26, Ma Bufang's elite 82nd Army and 129th Army were completely annihilated, and Lanzhou returned to the hands of the people.
After the victory in the Battle of Lanzhou, Ma Bufang's concubines were killed and fled for their lives, while Ma Bufang fled to Chongqing by plane. A field offensive was like a flood, liberating Xining without a single shot, and the defeated remnants of the "Qingma" army would surrender to the People's Liberation Army. Since then, Ma Bufang's "Qingma" military group has been completely annihilated.
After the "Qingma" was destroyed, more than 30,000 other Kuomintang troops in Qinghai also surrendered. Ma Hongkui's father and son in Ningxia fought and retreated, and like Ma Bufang, they flew away, and the "NingMa" under him was annihilated.
Ma Hongbin's father and son knew that their future was hopeless, and they also surrendered to Peng Dehuai, and the "Ma Family Army" that had been entrenched in the northwest for more than a hundred years was completely wiped out.
On September 25, Xinjiang's TaozhiYuebu revolted, and Xinjiang was peacefully liberated.
On the eve of the founding of New China, General Peng Da swept through the "second horse" in the northwest, liberated the great northwest, and avenged the bloody revenge of the Western Route Army, which suffered disasters 12 years ago.
Who can cross the knife immediately, only I am General Peng. Salute to the countless heroic souls sacrificed by the Western Route Army, salute to the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and salute to General Peng Da! This prosperous world will eventually be as the martyrs wished!