China's main freshwater fish species and distribution of China is one of the world's most freshwater water surface countries, freshwater area of about 300 million mu, of which the water surface that can feed fish is about 75 million mu, most of China is located in temperate or subtropical, mild climate, abundant rainfall, suitable for fish growth, and grass, silver carp, bighead carp, green, carp, carp, carp, tuantou bream and other excellent fish breeding technology, so it is the most developed country in the world's freshwater aquaculture industry, regardless of the area of aquaculture and total output are in the world leading position. Due to the vast territory of Our country, the different geographical and natural environments, the fish species and pattern characteristics of each region, according to the regional classification of climate, the distribution of fish is:
Southeast Region: These include Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian, Taiwan and Hainan Island. These areas mainly grow warm-loving fish, a wide variety of species, representative fish are loach, curlfish, Chinese mackerel, Dongpo fish, loach, loach, loach, flathead loach, rock loach, flatfin loach, small snout, albacore fin catfish, bearded catfish, eel, yellow eel, fighting fish, climbing perch and so on. The main cultured fish are green, grass, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, tuantou bream, bearded catfish, tilapia and other southern species.
River Plain Area: Including the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the lower reaches of the Liao River. Here in addition to the river basin, there are many lakes, is the main production area of freshwater fish in China, natural aquatic fish are numerous and famous, there are green, grass, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, carp, catfish, bream, eel, etc. The production of silver fish in Taihu Lake, sturgeon in the Yangtze River, sturgeon and sturgeon is very large
big. Cultured fish species include green, grass, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, crucian carp, tuantou bream, tilapia and some hybrids of carp.
Northern region: here mainly produce cold-water fish, natural water body is rich in sturgeon, pike genus, salmon genus and other fish, such as salmon, pike, ayu, snowfish, pseudo-red pigtail, octathrod, etc. are the unique and representative fish here. In addition to green, grass, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, crucian carp and tuantou bream, red trout are also reared.
Northwest Plateau: including Xinjiang, northern Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi and other places. This is a typical continental climate. The natural water body is rich in Chinese bowfish, yellow claw fish, naked carp, etc., and other loach, river loach and other fish. The main culture remains the same everywhere.
Nulan District: This includes southern Tibet, Sichuan, and western Yunnan. The Nu River, Lancang River, Jinsha River and Brahmaputra River all flow through here, so that the fish of the southeast and northwest plateau regions coexist here through the river current, such as mud carp, Chinese mackerel, Dongpo fish, flatfin loach, sand loach, loach, bearded fish, sea bass, yellow jay, snakehead, snakehead, Chinese bowfish and so on to form a mixed characteristics of the southeast and northwest regions. The main culture is still green, grass, silver carp, bighead carp, carp, crucian carp, tuantou bream and in recent years a large number of carp hybrids.
1, "agarwood fish" - Chinese carp
Sinilabeo rendahli is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily Of the carp, and cyprinus. Commonly known as: green dragon stick, peach blossom stick, wild mud carp, green coat. The body is long , slightly rod-shaped , and the tail stalk is high and broad. The snout is blunt and rounded and prominent, with a lower mouth and a transverse lobe. The front of the upper lip is smooth and covered by a free snout skin, with small papillae on both sides; the inner edge of the free part of the lower lip has many small milky processes, and the lower lip is separated from the lower jaw, separated by a deep groove, and the upper jaw is wrapped around the upper lip. There is a pair of short jaw whiskers, and the snout whiskers are often degenerated. Lateral line scales 45-47. The dorsal and lateral sides of the body are bluish-black , the scales are purple-green with red and metallic luster , the abdomen is yellowish , and the fins are gray-black. It inhabits rapid rivers and mountain streams, and is a benthic fish that prefers to live in groups. It often haunts rock gaps, forages on the substrate of the gravel bottom, scrapes algae by using the sharp edges of the jaw, and also eats the branches and leaves of higher plants, debris, etc. After the winter, tens or even hundreds of tails of Huahu spend the winter in groups in deep-water caves, rarely going out. Sexual maturity is possible at 2 years of age. Broodstock enter tributaries in groups from April to June to spawn in gravel-bottom rapids at the end of the shoal shoals. It is distributed in the main stream and major tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the eastern Sichuan Basin, where the water flow is rapid and the water is clear. The growth is relatively slow, the general individual is 1-2 kg, the largest individual can reach 5 kg, the yield is higher in the production area, and it is a common edible fish in Sichuan Province. Its flesh is firm and crisp, very delicious, rich in oil, similar to blue fish, and is regarded as a precious food.
There are 11 species of Chinese carp, among which Sinilabeo tungting (commonly known as: dragon fish, dragon dog fish, blue fish), distributed in the Jingjiang section of the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, Dongting Lake in Hunan, Yuanjiang River system, Guihua fish (Sinilabeo decorus, commonly known as: Qingyi), distributed in the Pearl River system of the Xijiang and Beijiang rivers. Their morphological differences are only in the number of lateral scales of 39-44, and their living habits and economic value are similar to those of the chinese carp. However, the reproductive season is slightly earlier, and the Pearl River Basin is from March to April. It is said that this kind of fish produced in Agarwood Pond in Xinhe Commune, Guangxi Province, has an agarwood flavor, so it is also named "Agarwood Fish".
The carp and its similar species, the muscles that remove the internal organs and the carp, are called "bamboo fish". Its fresh fish meat into the medicine, has the effect of qi and neutralization, dehumidification, the main treatment of long-term illness body weakness, waist and leg pain and other symptoms.
2. Scaly white turtle
Onychostoma macrolepis, formerly known as polygonal jawfish, belongs to the order Cyprinidae, Cyprinidae, subfamily Catfish, white turtle genus. Commonly known as: money fish, white beetle, red scale fish. English name: Largescale shoveljaw fish.
The body is long, slightly flattened laterally, the back is slightly raised, and the abdomen is rounded. The head is short, the snout is blunt, the mouth is lower, it is transversely lobed, and the corners of the mouth extend to the lateral edge of the ventral surface of the head. The lower jaw edge has sharp horns; there are 2 pairs of whiskers, the upper jaw must be extremely small, and the corners of the mouth must be very short. The dorsal fin has no hard spines and is slightly concave on the outer margin. The thoracic scales are small and buried under the skin. The back of the body is dark brown and the abdomen is grayish white. The base of each scale on the side of the body has crescent-shaped black spots, the dorsal and caudal fins are gray-black, the other fins are grayish yellow, the outer edge is golden yellow, and the dorsal and fins have an orange-red marking.
It inhabits the river with gravel bottom, clear and low temperature water, large flow rate, and an elevation of 300-1500 meters above sea level, often developing with the help of the spring water of the lava cracks and caves in the river channel, and entering the spring after autumn. In the middle of April, the spring is mostly concentrated in the middle of the night, the head is inward, the tail is outward, and the cluster comes out, generally within 8-10 days. Males are generally sexually mature at least 3 years, females are 4-5 years old, the amount of eggs in the womb is 0.6-12,000, and the reproductive season is from late May to late July. Feeding on aquatic invertebrates and algae that live on the surface of the gravel, the food is shoveled with the jaw, and then the body is flipped over and the food is broken into the mouth. After eating the stone, white spots can be seen.
It is distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Jialing River system and the Han River system, the upper reaches of the Huai River, the Wei River system, the Yi River, the Luo River, the Hutuo River in the upper reaches of the Hai River and taishan in Shandong.
The meat of the multi-scaled shovel-jawed fish is tender and fresh, and has the effect of nourishing the milk under the eyes, and it is the best product in the production of mountain stream fish. The population is large in the production area, especially in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi. In mid-April, when the fish flock out of the spring, the number is very large, some larger fish springs can reach more than 10,000 kilograms, generally more than a few thousand kilograms, and the small fish fry are also more than 100 kilograms, which is a mountain specialty that the local people like to eat. In the future, if its natural resources can be protected and technical problems such as artificial reproduction can be solved, it will be a promising farmed fish in mountain fisheries.
3. Sichuan white turtle
Sichuan white turtle (Onychostoma angustistomata) belongs to the order Cyprinidae, Cyprinididae, subfamily Catfish, white turtle genus. Commonly known as: small mouth white nails, sharp-billed white nails, wax brown.
The body is long, flattened laterally, the tail stalk is slender, the abdomen is rounded, and the dorsal fin starts at the highest point of the body. The head is short; the snout is rounded and blunt, slightly raised, with small white spots at the end of the snout, and a distinctly oblique groove at the boundary of the anterior orbital bone. The mouth is wide, lower, transversely lobed, and the corners of the mouth are slightly curved backwards. The posterior end of the upper jaw reaches below the posterior edge of the nostril; the lower jaw has a sharp anterior margin; and the upper lip is thin and smooth and covered by the snout skin. There are 2 pairs of whiskers, the snout is very short, and the jaw is slightly longer, about 1/2-2/3 of the diameter of the eye. The dorsal fin has a serrated posterior margin with soft ends and a concave outer edge of the dorsal fin. The back is bluish grey , the abdomen is yellowish , the dorsal fin has black markings , the lower leaves of the caudal fin are bright red , and the other fins are slightly red.
The habits of the white turtle are similar to those of the white turtle, both are benthic fish, and prefer to live in clear and gravelly water. In the early spring, the group goes up the river, and in the autumn and winter, it retreats to the bottom of the deep-water and rocky river. Food is often scraped on rocks and other objects by sharp mandibular margins; food is dominated by algae and deposited humus plants, usually with large spawning periods earlier. After sexual maturity, broodstock spawn up to the rapids of the gravel and sandy beaches, and the eggs often adhere to the bottom sand and stone for hatching. During reproduction, the male has a thick white bead on the snout, pectoral fin and fin, and the even fin and fin are bright red; the female fish snout bead star is not obvious. Sichuan white turtle is distributed in the main tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in the Jinsha River, Jialing River, Min River, Dadu River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yalong River. Sichuan white turtle is a medium-sized edible fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, although its production is not as good as that of white turtle, but its meat quality is better, which is one of the fish that people in the production area like to eat daily. It can be domesticated as a pond culture object, and it is an excellent breed to be propagated in reservoirs.
4. Southern white turtle
White turtle (Onychostoma sima) is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily catfish, white turtles. Commonly known as: white armor, claw flow.
The body is spindle-shaped, flattened laterally, the back is raised in front of the dorsal fin, the abdomen is round, and the tail stalk is slender. The head is short and wide, the snout is blunt and rounded and prominent, and there is a distinct oblique groove at the boundary of the anterior orbital bone towards the corner of the mouth. The lower part of the mouth; the lower jaw has a sharp anterior margin. The posterior labial groove is limited to the corners of the mouth; it must degenerate, and only juvenile fish under 10 cm in total length have 2 pairs of whiskers or 1 pair of whiskers. The outer margin of the dorsal fin is slightly concave, with 1 thick, hard spine with serrated hind edges, and its tip is soft; the caudal fin is deeply forked. The scales are medium-sized and the thoracic and abdominal scales are smaller. The base of the dorsal and fins has scale sheaths, and the base of the ventral fin has narrow axillary scales. The dorsal back is bluish-black , the abdomen is off-white , the scales above the lateral line have distinct gray-black edges ; the dorsal and caudal fins are grayish-black , and the other fins are grayish-white.
Most of the white turtles inhabit the sections of the river with more turbulent water flow and gravel bottom, and prefer to swim at the bottom of the water. Every year, groups of people tracing the upper reaches of the river around the rain festival, going down the water around autumn, and wintering in the rocky piles in the deep water of the main stream of the river in winter. It is common to use sharp jaws to shovel up raw algae on rocks, and to eat small amounts of fragments of mosquito larvae, oligochaetes and higher plants. The maximum intensity of feeding is in March and April, and feeding is generally rare or stopped during the winter and reproductive seasons. Sexual maturity is reached at 3 winter ages, and the spawning period is long, from April to June in the Yangtze River Basin and from February to March in the Pearl River Basin. Spawning grounds are mostly gravel and sandy rapids, and the eggs are attached to the underwater gravel for incubation. The white turtle is distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River and Yuanjiang river systems.
The white turtle is one of the main economic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Basin. The growth rate is faster, 1-3 years old is more significant, the average 3-winter fish is 37.1 cm, the average weight is 1.14 kg, and the growth is slower after 3 winter ages. The common individual is 0.25-2 kg, and the largest individual is 6.5 kg. It accounts for a large proportion of the catch in the production area, the meat is tender, delicious, in the market, in addition to the long-snout, catfish, copper fish, with carp, barbed catfish and other fish that live in the public's favorite food. It is likely that this fish will develop into a breeding object in valley reservoirs.
5, false eel - like an eel
Luciocyprinus langsoni is a genus of cyprinids, a family of cyprinids, subfamily catfish, resembling eels. Commonly known as: stick fish, real line eel, ink line eel, red tail eel, rod fish, eel fish, fragrant flower eel, stick fish, rod fish.
The body is slender, slightly flattened, and the head is long and tall. The snout is pointed, the mouth is large, the end is positioned, and the mouth is wide and straight. The upper and lower jaws are equally long, with their ends extending backwards to the lower part of the anterior margin of the eye, and there is a hard protrusion on the medial side of the anterior anterior part of the lower jaw. No need, large eyes, large gill fissures, very small scales, about 100 lateral scales, and complete lateral lines. The dorsal fin has no hard spines; the pectoral, ventral, and fins are short; the caudal fins are long, deeply forked, and pointed at the end. The body is silvery white, the back is gray-black, and there are black dots on the 2-3 rows of scales above the lateral line and the lateral line, which are connected to each other in a longitudinal black broadband pattern.
It mainly lives in rivers and lakes with a certain flow rate, and is a pelagic fish. It seems that the eel is a strong swimmer, fierce, swimming around to attack other fish. Juvenile fish with a body length of less than 16 cm mostly inhabit lakes or still water bodies with slow tributary water flow. No clustering. Every year, when the water rises, it goes up against the river, and when the water recedes, it goes down the river. Adults are one of the most ferocious fish, often swimming in the middle and upper layers of the water, and when they encounter a palatable fish, they rush forward and hunt them; because their upper and lower jaws are very thick, and there are small protrusions inside the front of the mandibular, it is difficult for the caught fish to escape. Juveniles feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans and other fry, while individuals over 35 cm in length feed almost exclusively on smaller fish. 4 years of sexual maturity, the reproductive season is in March to May; the spawning grounds are mainly conditioned by rapid water, and they generally prefer to lay eggs on the beach. The growth rate is fast, 1 winter fish body length 15 cm, 2 winter fish body length 24 cm, 3 winter fish body length 36 cm, 4 winter fish body length 45 cm, 5 winter fish body length 54 cm, 6 winter fish body length 60 cm, weight 2.25 kg. The largest individual can exceed 15 kg.
It is found in the Nanpanjiang river system in Guangxi, southern Guizhou and eastern Yunnan. The meat is tender and tasteful, making it a large economic fish in the production area.
6, southwest large ferocious fish - perch carp
Percocypris pingi is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily catfish, perch. Commonly known as: flower fish, green neck.
The body is slightly flattened, the head is larger, the anterior end is pointed, the back of the head is flat and wide, and the back of the head is raised. The mouth is sub-superior, obliquely lobed, and the lower jaw is prominent. There must be 2 pairs of whiskers, and the snout must be slightly shorter than the jaw whiskers. The gill fissure is large, and the gill membranes on both sides are very close to the gill isthmus. The dorsal fin is weakly spined and the posterior margin has fine teeth. The scales are smaller, the thorax and abdomen are smaller, shallowly buried under the skin, and the lateral line is slightly curved. The dorsal side of the body is bluish grey with white lateral and abdominal margins; most of the scales on the side of the body have a black edge, so they form neat straight stripes on the side of the body, and there are scattered small black spots on the head and back; the dorsal fin, pectoral fin, and caudal fin are slightly black.
Juveniles are mostly along the coast of tributaries or main streams, while adults swim in the middle and upper layers of open water bodies. Fast-moving, ferocious fish that specialize in hunting small fish. 3 Winter-aged fish reach sexual maturity, the reproductive period is about June, and the spawning sites are in the rapids upstream.
It is mainly distributed in the main tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River above Yichang, the Xijiang River Basin, the Nanpan River and other river systems. Another subspecies of the perch, the P. pingi regani, is commonly known as the flowerfish. It is distributed in the Nanpanjiang river system and Fuxian Lake in Yunnan Province. The morphological difference of the flower perch is that there are many scattered black spots on the side of the body, do not form straight stripes, and the distance between the end of the ventral fin and the beginning of the fin is less than the length of the snout.
The perch is a large economic fish in the production area, and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River are quite large, with a common weight of 0.5-1 kg and a maximum of 15 kg. Meat can be used medicinally, has expectorant, hemostasis, sedative effect; indications for the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis, gastric ulcer bleeding, hemoptysis, hemoptysis, hemorrhage, uterine bleeding, epilepsy insomnia, menorrhagia and other symptoms.
7. Wujiang Qingbo fish - Chinese barbed catfish
Spinibarbus sinensis is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily Catfish, barbed catfish. Commonly known as: green wave, black scale, green plate.
The body is long and flattened, the head is tapered, the snout is blunt, and the mouth is sub-inferior, horseshoe-shaped. There are 2 pairs of whiskers, and the end of the jaw whisker reaches the posterior edge of the eye diameter. The dorsal fin is preceded by a forward flat barb, buried under the skin, and the dorsal fin has a hard serrated spine on the posterior edge. The posterior margin of the dorsal fin is slightly concave, and the dorsal fin starts above the beginning of the ventral fin, closer to the snout than to the base of the caudal fin. The body is blue-black on the back, the abdomen is grayish-white, the fins are blue-gray, and the posterior edge is black; the juvenile has a black spot at the base of the tail fin, which is not obvious to adults.
The Chinese barbed catfish is a benthic fish that is lively and prefers to inhabit groups in rocky waters at the bottom. Winters in deep pit caves in the main stream and tributaries, and begins to swim towards the tributaries in March. At 3 years of sexual maturity, when the water level rises between April and June, the broodstock lay eggs in the large and turbulent river section, and the eggs float and hatch with the water. It is an omnivorous fish with aquatic higher plants as its main food; filamentous algae, insect larvae, freshwater shell vegetables, etc. are its feeding objects.
The Chinese barb catfish is distributed in the trunk and tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and occasionally in the middle reaches.
After 2 winter age, it grows faster, the largest individual can reach 25 kg, the yield is large, the flesh is fat and rich in oil, and it is an important economic fish in Sichuan, Guizhou and other places.
The barbed catfish (S. denticulatus, commonly known as the green bamboo catfish) distributed in the Hainan Island, Pearl River, Yuanjiang river and other water systems has morphological characteristics similar to that of the Chinese barbed catfish. The main difference is that the dorsal fin of the barbed catfish starts above the beginning of the ventral fin and is farther from the snout than from the base of the caudal fin. Both habits of life have the same economic significance. The largest individual of the barbed catfish can reach 4 kg and is a common edible economic fish in the region.
Chinese barbed catfish, barbed catfish, light barbed catfish and other fish muscles are delicious, have a certain medicinal effect, have the effect of aphrodisiac tonic, the main treatment of waist and knee soreness.
8. Green stick fish light barbed catfish
Spinibarbus hollandi is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily Catfish, barbed catfish. Commonly known as: green stick, pit hard, light-eyed fish, yellow juan, coarse scale fish.
The body is long, slightly cylindrical, and the tail stalk is flattened on the sides. The snout is blunt, the mouth is slightly lower, and it is horseshoe-shaped. There are 2 pairs of whiskers, the snout is shorter, and the end of the jaw whisker exceeds the posterior edge of the eye. The dorsal fin has a forward flat barb in front of the start of the dorsal fin, hidden in the skin; the dorsal fin has no hard spines. The scales are large and the lateral scales have dark spots on the base. The back of the body is tea-yellow , the abdomen is grayish white , the dorsal fin edges are black , and the other fins are orange-red.
Generally inhabit the middle and lower layers of rivers with rocky substrates and turbulent water flow, especially like to live in the clear waters of the water, it belongs to omnivorous fish, mainly aquatic plants, and eats aquatic insects and their larvae, but also eats some land insects and cockroaches that fall into the water. Between April and May, sticky eggs are laid in places with slow water flow and more aquatic weeds.
It is distributed in the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Minjiang River, Jiulong River, Pearl River, Yuanjiang River, Taiwan Island and Hainan Island and other water systems.
Widely distributed, edible miscellaneous, suitable for domestication. Fast-growing, large individuals, 1 year old fish weigh 150 grams, 2 years old up to 500 grams, 3 winter fish can grow to about 400 mm, the largest individual up to 20 kg. The annual production in South China and Southwest China is extremely impressive, and it is an important economic fish in the production area. The light barbed catfish has a thick flesh and tender taste, which is quite popular with the local people. Its meat is eaten freshly, has the effect of aphrodisiac tonic, and is mainly used to treat waist and knee soreness and other symptoms.
9, the southern tour of Mowang Wuchang fish - Tuantou bream
Megalobrama amblycephala is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily, bream. Commonly known as: tuantou bream, flat-breasted bream. English names: Bluntnose black bream, Wuchangfish, Bluntsnout bream.
The body is tall, very flattened, diamond-shaped, with a bulge on the back of the head and a body length of 2.0-2.3 times the height of the body. The head is small, the snout is rounded and blunt, the mouth is at the end, the mouth is wide, the upper and lower jaws are equally long, the stratum corneum of the upper and lower jaws is thin, the chest is flat, and the abdomen is only from the base of the ventral fin to the anus, with a cortical ventral ridge. The dorsal fin has smooth, hard spines that are smaller than the head length, while the fin is long, with 27–32 branched fins and a high and short caudal stalk. The back of the body is blue-gray, the sides are silvery-gray, the base of each scale on the body side is gray-black, and the edges of melanin are sparse, so that the entire body side shows a row of purple-black stripes, the abdomen is silvery-white, and the fins are gray-black.
Tuantou bream is more common in lakes and is more suitable for still water life. It usually inhabits the middle and lower layers of open water areas where the substrate is silt and grows submerged plants. Juveniles feed mainly on clades and other crustaceans; adults feed on aquatic plants, mainly bitter grass and black algae, and also eat a small number of zooplankton. A large amount of food intake begins in April, the fattening period is from June to October, the feeding intensity is the greatest, and the food is stopped from November in winter. 2 years of age can reach sexual maturity, between May and June, adult fish swarms in the flowing water site for breeding; spawning grounds generally need to have a certain amount of flowing water, dense aquatic grass, the substrate is soft mud and sandy, the water depth is 1.0-1.5 meters, the water temperature is 20-28 °C. The number of eggs conceived is generally 37,000 to 103,000. Fertilized eggs hatch at a water temperature of 25 °C and can hatch over two days and nights. Winter clusters overwinter in mud pits in deep water.
Tuantou bream is only distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River attached to medium-sized lakes.
The growth rate is relatively fast, the length of the fish can reach 120-230 mm, and the largest individual can reach about 3 kg, because it is herbivorous, and can breed in still water, and has been artificially farmed throughout the country. The flesh of the tuantou bream is tender, plump and fatty, better than the periwink and the triangular bream. Each 100 grams of edible part contains 20.8 grams of protein, 15.8 grams of fat, 0.9 grams of carbohydrates, 229 kcal of calories, 155 mg of calcium, 195 mg of phosphorus, 2.2 mg of iron, which is called a superior fish. The Xi name "Wuchang fish" is originally a collective name for bream and bream. At the entrance of Liangzi Lake in Hubei Province to the Yangtze River, there is a small town of Fankou, which was called Wuchang County in ancient times. Here the rivers and lakes are connected, many fish are free to enter and exit between the rivers and lakes, and the natural food in the lake is rich, which is an important fattening place for fish. Fankou produced "bream" to the tuantou bream mainly, this fish meat tender fat, especially fat, so in ancient times there is "bream production Fankou A world", to Wuchang people will also taste Wuchang fish. Wuchang fish is the object of praise of poets of past generations, and there are good sentences such as "Southern Tour Mowang Wuchang Fish" and "Kyushu Hengchi Bream Has a Home". At the end of the Three Kingdoms period more than 1,700 years ago, the Wu lord Sun Hao wanted to move the capital from Jianye to Wuchang, the people were suffering from the reverse flow of worship, and some ministers in the court prevented him from moving the capital, zuo Chengxiang instructed to dissuade Wu lord from moving the capital, and compiled a folk song: "Ning jianye water, not eat Wuchang fish; Ning Jianye died, not only Wuchangju..." Since then, the title of Wuchang fish has been handed down.
10. If he eats fish, he will be the bream of the river
Megalobrama skolkovii is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily, bream. Commonly known as: triangular bream, squid, flat-breasted bream. English name: Black bream.
The body is tall, even flattened, diamond-shaped, and the back of the head is raised. The head is small, the mouth is located, and the anterior edge of the upper and lower jaws has a well-developed stratum corneum. The ventral ridge extends only from the base of the ventral fin to the anus; the dorsal fin has smooth, hard spines that are significantly longer than the head length; and the caudal stalk is larger than or equal to the height of the caudal stalk. The back of the body is bluish grey, the sides are light gray with a light green color, the abdomen is silvery white, the back of each scale is darker, and the fins are bluish gray.
Bream is found in running or still water bodies. It inhabits open water areas with silt or gravel substrates, submerged plants and freshwater shell vegetables. During the reproductive season , mature broodstock breed in areas with flowing water ; in early spring , they swim to river ports and the shores of dependent water bodies to feed. Bream are omnivorous fish, with juveniles feeding mainly on freshwater shell vegetables, followed by larvae of insects and mollusks; adult fish feed mainly on aquatic plants, followed by freshwater shell vegetables. Sexually mature individuals are 3 years old and weigh about 1 kg. Spawning grounds require significant flow of water.
It is widely distributed in Heilongjiang, Yalu River, Liaohe River, Yellow River, Huai River, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Minjiang River and other water systems.
Grow faster, the individual is larger, the largest individual can reach about 5 kg, and there is a certain yield in natural waters. The meat is delicious, tender and fatty. Each 100 edible portion contains 18.5 g of protein, 6.6-8.0 g of fat, 0.2 g of carbohydrates, 134 kcal of calories, 76 mg of calcium, 211 mg of phosphorus, and 2.2 mg of iron. Since ancient times, it has been quite popular among the people and regarded it as a high-quality edible fish. As early as 2,000 years ago, our ancestors loved to eat this kind of fish, such as the verse "If you eat fish, you will eat the bream of the river". The morphological characteristics of bream, tuantou bream and bream are very similar, and were collectively called "bream" or "bream" in ancient times. Li Shizhen wrote in the "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Bream, Fang Ye; Bream, Bian Ye". It can be seen that bream and bream are named according to their appearance.
Descaled, devisvised, washed bream, fresh use, has the effect of adjusting the stomach and spleen, the main treatment of indigestion, chest and abdominal distension and other symptoms.
11. Northwest highland fish - thick-lipped naked heavy-lipped fish
Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus is a genus of carps, a family of cyprinids, a subfamily of split-bellied fish, a genus of bare-lipped fish. Commonly known as: heavy lip flower fish, hemp fish, stone flower fish.
The body is long cylindrical, slightly flattened, and the tail stalk is thinly rounded. The head is tapered, the snout is prominent, the snout skin stops in the middle of the upper lip, and the lower part of the mouth is horseshoe-shaped. The lower jaw does not have sharp edges. The peristome is very developed, the left and right lobes of the lower lip are connected to each other in front, the unconnected parts of the posterior part are rolled inwards, and the anterior part of the two lower lip lobes has an underdeveloped transverse membrane with no midlobe; the posterior labial sulcus is continuous. The corners of the mouth are 1 pair, thick and short, and the end reaches about the bottom of the posterior edge of the eye. The body surface is mostly bare, except for one row of large fins on each side of the fin, and only 2-4 rows of irregular scales behind the shoulder strap above the base of the pectoral fin. The lateral line is straight, and the dorsal fin is free of hard spines. The body and head are yellowish-brown or gray-brown, with more evenly distributed black-brown spots, with a few spots below the lateral line; the ventral fins are grayish-white or yellowish-gray. The dorsal fin is light grey and the caudal fin is light red, both with small spots.
It inhabits the plateau wide valley rivers of the Yangtze River and the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and other provinces, and is more common in the bends of the river. It feeds on aquatic animals such as stone moth larvae, end-footed shrimp and stone fly larvae, and also eats a small amount of plant detritus. The reproductive season is from April to May.
Growth is slow, with the average body length of 10-year-olds only about 44 cm. However, the meat quality is good, the meat taste is delicious, the yield is high, and it is an important economic fish in the production area. The eggs are poisonous and cannot be eaten, so care should be taken to remove them when processing. Its flesh, bone and gall have medicinal value, and are used to treat women's diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, pro-ulceration and suppuration, edema, sore fever and pain, cataracts, burns and other diseases. Fissomy fish such as gymnocypris eckloni and Schizopygopsis pylzovi, which are distributed in the same region, have the same medicinal effect.
12. Xinjiang plateau fish - Xinjiang naked heavy lip fish
Gymnodipychus dybowskii belongs to the order Cyprinidae, Cyprinididae, subfamily Schizothoptera, and genus Gymnodipychus dybowskii. Commonly known as: heavy lip fish, stone flower fish, flower fish, naked cucumber fish.
The body is long, slightly flattened laterally, the head is conical, and the snout is slightly pointed. The mouth is lower and horseshoe-shaped. The lips are well developed, the lower lip is divided into two lobes on the left and right, and the posterior labial groove is deep and interrupted. There is no sharp edge on the anterior margin of the lower jaw; it must be 1 pair, slender, and extends to the posterior edge of the eye. The body is almost bare, with 3-5 irregular rows of scales only above the base of the pectoral fin and the posterior edge of the shoulder strap; 1 row of large rows of scales on each side of the anus and fin; 97-98 scales on the lateral line, with larger scales at the front and smaller in the posterior segment. The lateral line is complete, straight or slightly curved towards the ventral side. The dorsal fin has no hard spines; the dorsal back is dark grey or grayish brown, with brownish-black spots of various sizes on the head, back, and sides, a pale yellowish tinge of gray on the ventral side, and many irregular small spots on the dorsal and caudal fins. During reproduction, male individuals have prominent or semi-circular edges of the dorsal fin, longer fins, and wider fin membranes; fins are particularly elongated; and beaded stars appear on both the head and fins.
It is a cold-water fish. It lives in the rapids of large rivers and rivers, and sometimes swims into attached still water. From February to March, it begins to swim upstream of the river, especially in April, and the downstream begins in October. It is an omnivorous fish that feeds mainly on mollusks, copepods, terminalpods, small fish, mosquito larvae and other insects, and sometimes also eats small amounts of aquatic plant branches and algae. Individual maturation is slow. Fish aged 4-5 winter only begin to mature sexually, usually the female is larger than the male of the same age. The spawning period is from April to August, and it likes to lay eggs on the stony bottom of lakes and rivers, and the eggs are often attached to the stones, and then washed away by the currents of water to the stone crevices for development. It is distributed in The Ili River, Tarim River, Urumqi River, Chu River, Talas River, Syr Darya River, Alla Lake, Jaisang Lake and other water systems in Xinjiang and some water bodies in Central Asia.
Individuals are larger, generally growing up to 30-50 cm, and can weigh up to about 3 kg. The meat is delicious and rich in fat. Dried or smoked, can be stored for a long time and transported far away, for valuable economic fish. Its eggs are toxic and need to be removed cleanly during processing.
13. The emperor of plateau fish - naked carp in Qinghai Lake
Gymnocypris przewalskii is a genus of carps, cyprinids, subfamily Schizopteridae, naked carp. Commonly known as: Huangyu, flower fish, pike, scaleless fish. The body is long, slightly flattened, the head is tapered, the snout is blunt and rounded, the mouth is large, sub-inferior, and horseshoe-shaped. The upper jaw is slightly protruding, and there is no sharp horn at the anterior edge of the lower jaw. The lower lip is narrow and underdeveloped, divided into left and right lobes; the posterior labial groove is interrupted and far apart; it is not necessary. The body is exposed, with 3-4 irregular rows of scales above the base of the pectoral fin and below the lateral line; there is a row of large, well-developed scales on each side of the anus and fin, reaching the base of the ventral fin forward, and occasionally showing signs of degenerated scales from the ventral fin to the midline of the pectoral fin. The lateral line is flat, the lateral line scales regress into a skin fold, and the posterior segment is even less pronounced. The dorsal fin has well-developed hard spines with serrated serrated margins. The dorsal area is yellowish brown or greyish brown , the abdomen is pale yellow or off-white , with large irregular patchy dark spots on the sides of the body ; each fin is light red. During reproduction, males have white granular beads on the snout, fin, caudal fin, and the back of the body.
Naked carp in Qinghai Lake is a cold-water fish. It prefers to live in shallow water, and is also commonly found in the muddy water areas of the beach or in places where the flow of water between large rock piles is slow, and in the winter, it dives into deep pools and rock crevices. Adaptable, there are no strict requirements for living conditions, smaller ponds and shallower lakes can live, in brackish water can also live. After hatching, the juveniles swim in groups, mostly in shallow estuaries. In the juvenile stage, animal food is mainly animal food; adult fish are omnivorous, all the animals and plants in Qinghai Lake are their food, and the main food objects are diatoms, copepods, branches, rotifers, endpods, aquatic insects, mosquito larvae, etc., and even their juvenile fish and loach are also swallowed. Because Qinghai Lake is located at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters on the plateau, the water temperature is low, the feeding organism is poor and the growth period is short, so the fish grow slowly, except for the first year of growth of 3.5 cm, there is no obvious stage of body growth in life, the weight growth below 4 years old is faster, the average weight of 250 grams is 8-9 years old, and the average weight of 500 grams is about 10 years old; generally can grow to 50-60 cm, weigh about 5 kg, 25 years old; the largest individual can grow up to 95 cm and weigh about 6.5 kg. The population is more male than female, less fertile, and has an average of 16,242 eggs. There is a pronounced reproductive migration, which feeds from Qinghai Lake into the river from late March to August every year. Spawning sites are generally in slow flow rates, with a substrate of gravel, pebbles or fine yarn, and water depths of 0.1-1.1 m in crystal clear channels. During the breeding season, when the water temperature is below 6 °C or above 17.5 °C, there is no breeding activity. The peak spawning season is from mid-May to mid-June; spawning activities are carried out day and night, with 23:00 to 3:00 the next day as the most exuberant; eggs are laid in the egg fossa, egg sinking, slightly sticky.
It is distributed in Qinghai Lake and its tributaries, and is also produced in Crook Lake, Zhaling Lake and Eling Lake. It is an extremely important economic fish in Qinghai Province. Since the 1960s, hundreds of thousands of acres of grassland around Qinghai Lake have been reclaimed as farmland; 108 rivers flowing into Qinghai Lake have been artificially barricaded, blocking breeding channels, and many rivers have dried up and cut off, preventing huangyu from spawning in fresh water, causing a large number of huangyu to die in the estuary area. Relevant information shows that the existing Huangyu resources in Qinghai Lake are about 7500 tons, less than 1/10 of the initial development, and at present, the birds inhabiting Bird Island have to swallow nearly 1,000 tons of Huangyu every year, and the depletion of Huangyu resources invisibly poses a serious threat to the survival of birds.
The fish is thick and fat, the meat taste is tender and plump, rich in nutrients, with a fat content of up to 12% and a protein of 16.14%, which is well received by the masses. The cooking method of the local people to eat huangyu is quite special, they cut the fish into a pot with water, seasoning, vinegar, simmer for 5 or 6 hours, out of the pot named "sour fish". During the breeding season, its ovaries and sperm nests are poisonous, and the animals eat them with abdominal colic-like symptoms, followed by paralysis, difficulty breathing and death; diarrhea begins 4-5 hours after eating its reproductive glands, followed by vomiting. Its peritoneum is also toxic, if the peritoneum of fresh fish is not removed or washed, it will also be poisoned after eating, light people feel dizzy, lack of energy, mild diarrhea, heavy diarrhea more than ten times a day. If fish eggs and peritoneal excess are consumed, poisoning can cause death if the poisoning is severe. When eating fresh and processing dried products, the internal organs and peritoneum should be discarded to avoid poisoning.
14. Sichuan Yayu - heavy-mouth split-bellied fish
Cleft-bellied fish (Carp family) Schizthorax (Racoma) davidi [place name] heavy-mouthed, slender turtle. [Morphological characteristics] The individual is larger, generally 40 cm long and weighs 1 to 2 dry grams. The body is elongated laterally flattened. The head is tapered. Lower mouth, horseshoe-shaped, transversely lobed. The lower lip is well developed, divided into three lobes, with a small middle leaf and broad lateral leaves. Must be 2 pairs, the length of which is 1/3 of the length of the head. The scales are small. The thorax has distinct scales after the parotid gap. On each side of the fin and anus there is a column of larger fins and forms a fissure in the abdomen. The dorsal fin spines are weak and the posterior margin is serrated. White throughout, shallow caudal fins...
15. Sichuan Yayu - Schizophrenic fish
Schizothorax (schizothorax.) prenanti) is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily Schizothorax, Schizothorax subgenus. Commonly known as: Yayu, Qikou, Slender Turtle, Qikou Slender Scaled Fish. English name: Prenant's schizothoracin.
The body is long and slightly flattened laterally. The snout is blunt and rounded; the mouth is inferior, transversely lobed (slightly curved in small individuals). The anterior margin of the lower jaw is sharp and, the lower lip is intact and crescent-shaped, with many small papillae on the surface and a continuous posterior labial groove. It must be 2 pairs, about equal in length, and its length is about equal to the diameter of the eye. The body is covered with fine scales, neatly arranged, the pectoral fin is not exposed, and there are obvious scales; the fin and anus are flanked by a row of large scales; there are several large scales behind the gill hole and under the lateral line. The lateral line is straight and runs across the central axis of the body. The dorsal fin spines are stronger in small individuals under 14 cm in length, with pronounced serrations on the posterior margin, but weaker in larger individuals (above 15 cm in body length) with smooth or few serrations on the trailing margin. The dorsal back is dark grey , the abdomen is silvery white , the dorsal, pectoral and ventral fins are bluish grey , and the caudal fin is red. Individuals living in the tributary Clear Stream have small black spots on the side of the body, and sexually mature males appear in the snout with pearl stars.
Homolodocephalosa is a demersal fish that requires a low water temperature environment, prefers to live at the junction of rapid and slow currents, and has a short distance of reproductive migration. Females need to reach sexual maturity at 4 years old, males generally reach sexual maturity at 3 years old, and the spawning season is from March to April. At this time, the breeding group spawns from the Min River and dadu River to its tributaries, and the eggs are mostly laid on the gravel and fine sand at the bottom of the rapids, and are often washed down by the water to the stone caves for development. After spawning, broodstock return to deep rivers or overwinter in underwater caves in the autumn (September and October). They feed on raw algae and occasionally on aquatic insects, snails and plant seeds. When feeding, the tail is upturned upwards, and with its well-developed mandibular edge, it scrapes from one end to the other on the rock, and sucks with the scrape, leaving obvious marks on the rocks it has just scraped, and fishermen often judge its habitat accordingly. It is distributed in the Minjiang River, Dadu River and other river systems, and is an important edible fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Individuals are large, generally 0.5-1.0 kg, and the maximum can reach 4.0-5.0 kg. Natural production is also large, with the dominant catch of Schizothorax and Schizophthalis in the minjiang river coastal areas, sometimes reaching more than 70% of the total market supply. Because of its fat and fat, the meat is most popular among the residents of the production area. In particular, "Ya'an casserole fish head" is more famous. Folklore says that during the Guangxu period, Ya'an raised his son Li Jingfu to pay tribute to Empress Dowager Cixi with a "Yayu", and after Cixi ate it, he suddenly felt that the flesh of the dragon and phoenix was difficult to match, and he was rewarded with Li Jingfu as the prefect. The number of natural fry in the river is very large, and the use of natural fry to cultivate suitable size fry can be used as the stocking object of small and medium-sized water bodies in the upstream area to develop the local fish farming industry. Please note that the eggs are poisonous but can still be eaten after being fully cooked.
16. Loach - copper fish
Coreius heterodon is a genus of carps, cyprinids, subfamily, copperfish. Commonly known as: pointed head, watertight, pointed stick, pointed watermark, loach, false fat tuo, twist fish, orange stick, bamboo fish, yellow Taoist, copper buckle, golden loach. English names: Brass gudgeon, Bronze gudgeon. The body is slender, rounded at the front and slightly flattened at the posterior end. The head is small, tapered; the eyes are small; the lower part of the mouth is narrow and horseshoe-shaped; the head length is 7-9 times the width of the mouth. The ends of the hypopharyngeal teeth are slightly hooked; 1 pair of whiskers, with the ends exceeding the posterior edge of the eye. The posterior extension of the pectoral fin does not reach the beginning of the ventral fin. The body is brass-colored , with pale yellow fins.
Copperfish inhabit the lower layers of river water environments and are accustomed to swimming in clusters, usually consisting of dozens to hundreds of individuals in a group. Wintering to deep-water troughs or rock gaps in deep pools. The age of sexual maturity is 2-3 years old, the reproductive period is 4-6 months, mostly in the turbulent river section of the river, fertilized eggs drift with the river water to develop, the amount of eggs conceived is 2-200,000. Copper fish are fed intensively, and the intestinal canal is often filled with food. Its food composition is mainly freshwater shell vegetables, clams, snails and mollusks, followed by higher plant fragments and some diatoms, which are omnivorous fish. Its fry and juveniles swallow the fry of other fish, and are extremely hungry, which is one of the great enemies of domestic fry.
Copper fish are more common in the main tributaries of the Yangtze River Basin and lakes with flowing water; it is rare in still water lakes. Another round-mouthed copper fish in the Yangtze River (Coreius guichenoti) is commonly known as: Fat Tuo, Square Head Watertone, English name: Largemouth bronze gudgeon. Its morphological difference is that the mouth is broad and curved , and the whiskers are up to the base of the pectoral fin. The posterior extension of the pectoral fin extends far beyond the base of the ventral fin. The living habits of this fish are similar to those of copper fish, but the distribution is mainly in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and less in the middle reaches.
The Northern Copper Fish (Coreius septentrionalis) from the Yellow River is commonly known as: pigeon fish, sharp-billed watertight, English name: Northern bronze gudgeon. The difference from ordinary copper fish is that the mouth is wider, the head length is less than 6 times the mouth width, and the end of the hypopharyngeal tooth is obliquely cut. Their living habits are similar to those of ordinary copper fish, but their distribution is limited to the Yellow River.
Copper fish grow rapidly, the natural yield in the Yangtze River, the Yellow River is very high, generally weigh 0.5-1 kg, the largest up to 3.5-4 kg. It is extremely rich in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the upper reaches of the Han River and the Qingyuan area of the Yellow River Basin, making it an important economic fish. Copper fish is tender, delicious, rich in fat and less bone spurs, so it is listed as a high-grade fish. Especially in the Yellow River Basin, pigeon fish has a long reputation and is regarded as a precious specialty fish. Copper fish spawn in groups into the tributaries every year to feed and fatten, and gradually return to the main stream or look for a wintering place in the tributaries from August to September, when the copper fish is the fattest, and fishermen often call it "loach".
17. Southern Creek Cave Fish - Spring Water Fish
Spring water fish (Pseudogyrincheilus procheilus) is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily wild carp, spring water fish genus. Commonly known as: spring water fish, oil fish.
The body is long, rounded at the front, slightly flattened laterally at the posterior, flattened in the anterior part of the abdomen, and the dorsal part of the head is curved. The snout is rounded and blunt; the cleft is slightly triangular, the upper and lower lips are connected at the corners of the mouth, and there are many neatly arranged small bumps on the lips; the lips are rolled into the mouth, and when the mouth is opened, the lips are turned outward and expanded into a flared shape, thereby adsorbing to other objects. The posterior labial groove is confined to the corners of the mouth. 2 pairs of whiskers, a long snout and a short jaw. The eyes are small, located later above the side of the head. The scales are medium-sized, the abdominal scales are small, and they are trapped under the skin. The dorsal fin has no hard spines. The back of the body is grayish black, the abdomen is grayish white, and the fins are slightly black; most of the scales on the side of the body have black edges, and the black patches from behind the gill hole to the front of the pectoral fin are thicker, so they form a large black spot.
Spring water fish inhabit the middle and lower layers of the waters with large river velocities in southern China, and usually prefer to live in mountain streams and caves with flowing water, as well as places where rivers have spring sources. It often feeds on attached plants and other organic matter on the rocks at the bottom of the river, rarely enters the still water body where the formation is sludge, and swims upstream during the reproductive season to lay eggs. Generally up to 1-1.5 kg in length to reach sexual maturity. Spawning takes place around March and April, and the eggs are laid in crevices or caves. Spring fish are distributed in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle and upper reaches of the West River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River system.
Spring water fish is a common edible fish in Sichuan, Guangxi and Yunnan. The growth rate is slower, common about 0.5-1 kg, and the largest individual is about 3.5-4 kg. The output is not large, but its meat is tender, the meat is delicious, and it is rich in fat, which is a treasure for consumption. Fresh meat for medicinal purposes, has the effect of tonifying vitality, hemostasis, and is mainly used for the treatment of diarrhea, vomiting blood, collapse and leakage.
18, only on the water, not in the water of the lips of the carp
Semilabeo notabilis is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily Wild carp, lip carp. Commonly known as: no six fish, fallen fish, wooden fish, lip fish, rock carp, rock fish.
The body is long and cylindrical, slightly flattened laterally, flattened on the abdomen, and flattened on the side of the caudal stalk. The head is slightly blunt and slightly narrow, the top of the head is slightly convex; the snout is rounded and blunt; the mouth is large, lower, and transversely lobed. The snout is joined to the upper lip, covering the upper jaw, the posterior margin is straight, and the margin area is covered with granular papillae, which is densely arranged. The lower lip is thick and the outer edge is covered with small papillae that extend into a triangle towards the abdomen. The upper and lower jaw edges are sharp and completely covered by thick lips. The posterior labial groove is limited to the corners of the mouth. The eyes are large, high, and the upper edge is almost flush with the top of the skull. There are 2 pairs of whiskers, both small, and the jaws are often degenerate. The scales are larger and the lateral line is straight; the dorsal fin has no hard spines, and the end root is unbranched and soft, which is longer than the head length. The body is yellowish brown , with a darker back and a milky white abdomen ; there are 8-9 longitudinal stripes between the gray-brown scales on the side of the body from the back of the head to the base of the caudal fin ; and the fins are grayish brown.
The labial carp is a middle- and lower-class fish species in the river. Sex likes the water quality is clear and fast-flowing water, often top the current, fishermen call it "only on the water, not falling into the water", so there is a "fallen fish" called. It is often called "rock fish" in caves with flowing water in mountain streams. This fish is commonly found under 6 pounds, so it is also known as "no six fish". From November to March, the carp overwinters with groundwater into caves that communicate with the spring water, scraping on raw algae and organic detritus. The breeding season is from February to May, and eggs are laid in flowing caves, and the eggs are attached to the gravel at the bottom of the river.
It is distributed in the Beijiang and Xijiang rivers of the Pearl River system, and it is also produced in the Yuanjiang River in Yunnan.
Common carp weighs 1-2 kg and can reach a maximum of 5 kg. The meat is tender and delicious, with high fat content, it is a precious economic fish, and its production in the Beijiang and Guangxi Guiping River sections is quite considerable.
19. Blackfish with a broken nose - Oriental cuttlefish
Garra orientalis is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily Wild carp, cuttlefish genus. Commonly known as: lionfish, avalanchefish, cuttlefish, mullet, leprosy-nosed fish. The English name: Oriental sucking barb.
The body is long, cylindrical, flattened at the abdomen, and flattened on the lateral side of the tail. The head is broad, the snout is rounded and blunt, and there are many rough protrusions at the front end. The nose is deeply sunken, and the snout is divided into two parts, the upper part is a free snout, the male is more prominent, and has a developed pearl star, and the juvenile fish are not obvious. The lower part of the mouth is crescent-shaped, the upper lip edge is fringed, the lower lip has a well-developed round suction cup, the central part is a fleshy pad, and there are free flakes on the periphery; its posterior margin is slightly wider than the anterior margin, with small milky protrusions, a shallow groove between the fleshy pad and the anterior flake, with 2 pairs of whiskers; the scales are larger, and the ventral surface is extremely small before the base of the pectoral fin. The dorsal fin has no hard spines. The dorsal back is dark black , the abdomen is grayish white , each fin is grayish black , slightly orange , and the juvenile fish is more pronounced orange ; there is a black spot on the back of each scale on the body side , so there are 6 black parallel stripes on each side of the body. Oriental cuttlefish often inhabit rivers and mountain streams in a turbulent environment, with its saucer-shaped suction cup adsorbed on the rock, camp benthic life. Most of the food is raw algae, often mixed with sediment. Maturity is earlier, the spawning period is in March, and the spawning conditions must be flowing water, so most of them lay eggs during the flood period.
Oriental cuttlefish is distributed in the Pearl River, Minjiang River, Jiulong River, Han River, Yuanjiang River, Hainan Island and other water systems in southern China.
It grows slowly, is smaller than the Eastern Slope Cuttlefish, and the largest individual is only about 30 cm. However, the body is rich in fat, the meat tastes extremely delicious, and the production area is regarded as a valuable fish. Fishermen in the production area often put the fish directly on the fire and grill it and eat it, which has a more original flavor. The yield is not high, and it has a higher value only in the place of origin.
20. One of the four precious rivers of the Pearl River - curly fish
Ptychidio jordani is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily Wild carp, and genus Cyperaceae. Commonly known as: Jia fish, mouse fish, mouse head fish. English name: Ratmouth barbel. The body is long, sub-cylindrical, and the posterior part is slightly flattened. The head is small, the back is raised, and it gradually straightens backwards. The snout is pointed, the snout is hypertrophied, drooping, no kissing folds, covering the upper and lower jaws, the edges are deeply lobed into 10-12 tassels, and there are many small papillae on the tassels. The lower part of the mouth, the upper lip disappears, and the lower lip has a short whisker-like protrusion. The upper jaw is pointed and has a fleshy ties at the base of the jaw whiskers that connect to the lower lip. The upper and lower jaws have sharp margins, and the posterior labial groove is limited to the corners of the mouth, and the deep groove extends from the back to the present eye. There are 2 pairs of whiskers, both thick and long, slightly equal; the eyes are small, the interocular is narrow; the scales are small, and the lateral linear scales are above 40. The dorsal fin has no hard spines; the body is brown, the back is brownish-black, the abdomen is yellowish-white, and there is a gray-black patch in the center of the scales; each fin is brownish black. During the breeding season , the males have tiny white bead-like particles on their snouts , cheeks and heads , which have a noticeable roughness when touched by hand ; females have no beads and have smoother heads. In the same batch of fish or fish of the same age, the female is always larger than the male and has a fuller abdomen.
The cranberry is a sedentary fish, preferring to live in a wide riverbed, large flow rate, deep pools in the river, clear water in the deep water section of the stone bottom and stone caves through spring water; freshwater shell vegetables and clams as the main food, but also eat some freshwater sponges, algae and organic detritus, aquatic insects, water earthworms and so on. It is the breeding season from April to September every year, and large numbers of eggs are laid in June and September. Spawning places are mostly distributed in the waters where they live and inhabit, and the water flow at the spawning place is turbulent and there are many deep pools; the eggs are mostly adhered to the gaps of stones, gravel and other things, which are not easy to see. It is found in the Pearl River system and Taiwan.
The juvenile stage of the curly fish grows faster, and the adult fish are slower. Common individuals are 150-500 g, and the largest individual can weigh up to 1 kg. Its meat is rich in fat, especially in the breeding season from May to September, when the fat body is increasing, far higher than in the non-reproductive season. The meat is tender and delicious, the meat taste is excellent, and it is well-known in ancient and modern times, and is known as one of the four famous guihe fresh rivers in the Pearl River (perch, jia, mandarin, and catfish). As early as the Tang Dynasty Liu Ke's "Records of The Ridge Table" (904 AD) and the Qing Dynasty Qu Dayu's "Guangdong Xinyu" (1700 AD) there are records about the economic value and habitat of the curly fish. The Song Dynasty poet Zhou Qufei also said in his "Lingwai Dai Answer" (1178 AD): "Jiayu has a lot of ointment in its abdomen", "its frying, in vain, put the fish in a dry kettle, less anointing, naturally tormented, do not have to use oil, called self-wrapping." "This shows the richness of the fat content of the curly fish. Most of the curly fish are listed in winter, because of the deep water depth of the living waters, only in the winter dry water period, the water level is shallow, the riverbed stones are exposed, it is easy to catch under the net.
21. South China famous pond fish farming - mud carp
Cirrhinus molitorella is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily of carp, genus Mullet. Commonly known as: earth carp, mud carp, snow catfish, flower carp. Mud carp, Molar-pharyngoteeth beard-labeo.
The body is fusiform , flattened on the sides , with a rounded abdomen and a slightly raised back in front of the dorsal fin. The head is short, the snout is blunt and rounded, the snout skin droops over the base of the upper lip, the edges are smooth, the upper lip is well developed, the edges are cracked, and it is separated from the upper jaw. The lower part of the mouth is a transverse fissure with only slight curvature at the corners of the mouth; the lower lip and the lower jaw are separated, and there is a narrow band at the edge and near the outer edge, with a fleshy fine papillae. Upper and lower jaws are keratinized. It must be 2 pairs, the snout must be thick, and the jaw must be short or degenerate. The upper part of the body is bluish grey , the abdomen is silvery white , the base of the body side with 8-9 scales above the base of the pectoral fin is black and gathers into a long diamond-shaped patch, and the juvenile tail fin has a black spot in the center of the base.
It inhabits the lower middle and lower layers of rivers with higher water temperatures, occasionally entering still water bodies; its endurance to low temperatures is very poor, and it dives into deep water when the water temperature is below 14 °C, which is less active; and death occurs below 7 °C. Winters overwinter in the deep waters of the riverbed. It mainly feeds on raw algae, often scraping food on objects such as underwater rocks with the edges of its jaws, and also eating detritus and underwater saprophytes of some zooplankton and higher plants. Sexual maturity is 2 winter ages, the reproductive period is long, starting in March and can be extended to August and September. During the flood, broodstock live in spawning grounds, chase each other, and emit grunts... mutter...... The sound of courtship, spawning places are mostly in the middle and upper reaches of the river.
It is distributed in the Pearl River, Minjiang River, Han River, Hainan Island, Taiwan Island, YuanJiang River and Lancang River system, and is found in Vietnam.
Common mud carp individuals are around 500 grams. In natural water bodies, it can grow to weigh 2-2.5 kg, length 60 cm, and individually up to 8 kg. It has a high yield and is an important economic fish in the production area, and it is also a famous pond fish farming in Guangdong and Guangxi. Fresh fish meat into the medicine, has the effect of invigorating blood and qi, water and moisture, and is mainly used to treat bladder fever, jaundice, edema and swelling and other symptoms.
22, Hainan Island bluefish - pot lip Chinese carp
Sinilabeo discognathoides is a genus of cyprinids. Cyprinidae, subfamily Wild carp, genus Offidon. Commonly known as: mud anchovy, round green coat, green fish.
The body is slightly tubular in shape, slightly flattened laterally, the head is small, the snout is prominent, and the front end is rounded and blunt. Lower mouth, crescent-shaped. Both the snout and the lower lip have a fine serrated absence, and the snout skin covers the middle of the upper lip downwards. The upper lip is exposed near the corner of the mouth and has small papillae; the lower lip is separated from the lower jaw by a deep groove, and there are small papillae on the inside. There is a shallow groove behind the lips. Yan gully is remarkable. There is a horizontal stripe before the beginning of the groove in the middle of the face, and the lower jaw has sharp edges. Must be 2 pairs, small. The dorsal fin has no hard spines, the outer edge is slightly concave, the longest fin is about the length of the head, and the tail fin is extremely deeply forked. The body is bluish green , the back is particularly dark , the abdomen is milky white , and the fins are gray.
It prefers to live in the deep waters of clear, rocky rivers or mountain streams with fast currents, and lives benthic, feeding on algae and organic debris.
It is found on Hainan Island. The individual is larger, the common individual is 2-3 kg, the maximum can be more than 5 kg, and it is an economic fish in the production area. The meat is delicious, no less than the blue fish, and the economic value is higher.
23, the strongest vitality of the fish - crucian carp
Crucian carp (Carassius auratus auratus) is a genus of carps, cyprinids, carp family, carp genus. Commonly known as: Xitou, crucian crucian (Hubei), crucian melon seed (northeast), river crucian carp (Shanghai), moon crucian carp (Guangdong); ancient name is a fish, carp, cold carp. English name: Goldfish, crucian carp.
Crucian carp is flattened and tall on the side, the body length is 2.2-2.8 times the body height, the abdomen is round, the head is small, the snout is blunt, the mouth is positioned, the beard is not needed, and the hypopharyngeal teeth are flattened on the side. Both the dorsal and fins have a stout hard spine with a serrated trailing margin. The scales are large, the whole body is silvery gray, the back is dark gray, and the abdomen is grayish white.
Crucian carp is a widespread, widely adaptable fish, has a strong adaptability to various ecological environments, from sub-cold to tropical, regardless of the depth of the water, flowing water or still water, clear water or turbid water, low oxygen, acid, alkali and other environments can adapt. Generally prefer to inhabit the aquatic grass, slow flow of shallow water bends, lakes, ponds, it is not harsh on water temperature, food, water quality conditions, spawning grounds conditions are not harsh, can grow and reproduce in other breeding fish can not tolerate the bad environment. Crucian carp is also a broad temperature fish, the water temperature is around 10 ° C to 32 ° C can ingest and digest food. It can live for a long time when the oxygen content in the water is low, only if the oxygen content is low for a long time, only when the oxygen content is as low as 0.1 mg/L, it begins to die, and it can also grow and reproduce in water with strong alkaline (PH=9). Crucian carp is also an omnivorous fish, their diet is extremely extensive, miscellaneous, its animal food to branches, copepods, moss, rotifers, freshwater shell vegetables, clams, mosquito larvae and shrimp are the mainstay; plant foods are plant detritus as the most important, common diatoms, filamentous algae, aquatic weeds and so on. In the south of the country, crucian carp can be eaten almost all year round; in the north, it is stopped from December to March of the following year. June and August are their most vigorous feeding periods. Crucian carp grows slower, growing only to 50 grams in the same year, 100-150 grams in the second year, and more than 300 grams in the third year; the largest individual can reach 2.5 kg, and the common individual is generally around 250 grams. Crucian carp generally begin to mature at 1 winter age in the south and sexual maturity at 2 winters in the north. The spawning period can be extended from March to August, and its natural spawning grounds are mostly in the aquatic grass overgrown area of shallow lakes and bays, and the water temperature at the time of spawning is above 15-16 ° C, most of which swim against the water after rain to spawn. Spawning grounds are selected in shallow waters where aquatic grasses are overgrown along lakes and rivers, as well as in still water environments such as ponds. Spawning is mostly done in the middle of the night or early in the morning. The eggs are produced in batches, and the fertilized eggs are sticky and adhere to aquatic weeds to develop. The sexual problems of crucian carp are quite complex, and there have been reports of hermaphroditism, and some people say that crucian carp has the ability to develop female nuclei. In nature, females have more fish than males, and the sex ratio of females and males is about 4:1.
Crucian carp is found in various waters in China except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Crucian carp is tender and delicious, with high nutritional value. Each 100 grams of edible portion contains 13.0-19.5 grams of protein, 1.1-7.0 grams of fat, 0.1-5.8 grams of carbohydrates, 0.9 grams of minerals (ash), 62-109 kcal of calories, 50-116 mg of calcium, 192-218 mg of phosphorus, 1.1-4.4 mg of iron. Crucian carp is eaten all over the country and is regarded as a superior food; especially after the mother eats crucian carp soup, it can increase the milk. In natural water bodies, crucian carp production accounts for the highest proportion of total freshwater fish production. Due to the strong adaptability of crucian carp, it can grow and reproduce in various water bodies, and the 1-year-old fish reaches sexual maturity and the population recovers quickly, so it has been used as the object of breeding. There are many species of crucian carp, and the common goldfish are varieties of ordinary crucian carp that have been artificially selected and domesticated.
Crucian carp whole fish is sweet and warm, has the effect of opening the spleen and stomach, enhancing appetite, reducing edema, stopping vomiting, and milking. Fish eggs can be adjusted to replenish qi. Whole fish into the medicine, can treat measles, mumps, toothache, gum swelling and pain, breast sores, breast cancer onset, lung pain, lung abscess, external hemorrhoids, spleen and stomach weakness, loss of appetite, edema, ascites swelling, nausea vomiting, stomach pain, maternal lack of milk, postpartum milk and other symptoms. Its bile can cure carbuncles, nameless swelling and sores.
24. Catfish
Clarias batrachus, also known as amphibian catfish, was introduced from Thailand in 1978 by the Department of Biology of South China Normal University. It is very similar to the bearded catfish produced in the south of China in terms of morphology and habits. The toad-bearded catfish is relatively large, dark brown, the pectoral and ventral fins are darker and darker; there are irregular gray-brown dots from the abdomen to the base of the caudal fin; the dorsal fin is 60-76, and the fin is 47-58 (the dorsal fin of the catfish is 58-62, the fin is 65-76, and the fin is 52-55), and the sex is more fierce, and it is accidentally stabbed when caught. Its advantage is that the meat is tender, can live in an environment with low dissolved oxygen, is suitable for dense cultivation of small water bodies, and has the characteristics of fast growth, short breeding cycle and long breeding season. Thailand can raise two batches a year, with a yield of 13933.5 kg per mu, and raise fry with a body length of more than 4 cm for one year, with a survival rate of up to 100%, and the maximum weight is about 0.5 kg.
Clarias leather, commonly known as the Egyptian pond lice. It is a freshwater aquaculture breeding farm in Guangdong Province introduced from Egypt in November 1981. The morphology of the leather-bearded catfish is similar to that of the bearded catfish produced in the south of China, the difference is that the base of the dorsal fin and fin is longer, and the number of fins is more; there are many radial bone protrusions on the back of the head; the hard spines of the pectoral fin are short and blunt, not piercing; the gill rakers are dense, with a number of up to 52-90 (the bearded catfish is only 15-18, and the toad beard catfish is 18-23); the nose and jaw whiskers are slightly shorter, not reaching the pectoral fin; the back and sides of the body are pale gray, with irregular cloud-like patches, and the pectoral fin is white Individuals weighing more than 10 grams have a light red line around the edges of all fins. Leather beard catfish has the advantages of large individuals, fast growth, tender flesh, easy reproduction, strong adaptability, low oxygen tolerance, strong anti-low temperature ability, etc., feeding can weigh up to 2 kg a year, the largest individual up to 10 kg or more, is a very promising breeding fish, the current part of the area has carried out family fish farming. The age of sexual maturity of the leather-bearded catfish is about 10 months, and the breeding season is from April to October. Its spawning habits resemble carp , unlike the native bearded catfish and toad bearded catfish ; and broodstock have the instinct to swallow fish eggs and calves , so they cannot hatch in spawning ponds. This fish is a promising breeding target.
25. Yellow jaw fish
(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is a genus of catfish, anchovy family, yellow jaw fish genus. Common name: yellow lattice, central silk. English name: Yellow cartfish.
The body is long, the abdomen is flat, and the posterior part of the body is slightly flattened. The head is large and flattened, the snout is round and blunt, the mouth is large, the lower position, the upper and lower jaws have fluffy fine teeth, and the eyes are small. There are 4 pairs of whiskers, and the maxillary must be particularly long for most species. Scaleless. Both the dorsal and pectoral fins have well-developed hard spines that make sounds when the spines are active. The adipose fins are short. The body is bluish yellow , with irregular brown markings on most species ; each fin is grayish black with yellow bands.
It mostly lives in the still water of lakes or the gentle flow of rivers, and prefers to live in shoals with decay and silt. It lurks at the bottom of the water body during the day, floats to the upper water layer at night to forage for food, and in the winter, it gathers in the deep water of the tributary. It has a strong ability to adapt to the environment, so it can live under bad environmental conditions. Yellowtail is a typical broad-feeding fish, with juveniles feeding mainly on the larvae of zooplankton and aquatic insects, and adults feed on small fish and invertebrates. Yellow jawfish reach sexual maturity at 2 years. From May to July every year, the male swims to the muddy clay soil with dense aquatic grass in the coastal area (water depth of 8-40 cm), and uses the pectoral fin spines to rotate intermittently on the mud bottom, digging a small mud pit, which is the nest for laying eggs. After the male has built the nest, he stays in the nest and waits for the female to arrive, where he lays eggs and fertilizes. Spawning activities are mostly carried out at night when the climate changes from sunny to rainy. The female leaves the nest to feed after laying eggs, and only the male guards the developing eggs and larvae near the nest until the larvae are able to swim freely from the nest (about 7-8 days).
Yellowtail is widely distributed, except for the western plateau, it is distributed in all waters of the country. It is small, but the yield is large. The meat is tender, no small spines, more fat, its protein content is 16.1%, fat is 0.7%, is a common edible fish in China. There are many species of yellowtail, and common species include P.eupogon (English name: Shorthead catfish), P. vachellii (English name: Darkbarbel catfish), glossy yellowtail (P.nitidus, English name: Shining catfish) and so on. The dorsal and pectoral spines of the yellow jaw fish are poisonous glands, which are one of the more toxic fish in freshwater stinging fish. Immediately after being stabbed, intense burning pain occurs, often due to puncture caused by laceration, bleeding, local swelling, and fever, and severe pain in the affected area begins for half an hour to 1 hour.
Yellowtail is often taken as a whole fish for medicinal purposes. Its fleshy taste is sweet and flat, has the effect of dispelling wind and diuresis, and can be used to treat edema, laryngeal swelling and pain.
26. Loach
(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) is a genus of cyprinids, loach family, subfamily Loach. Commonly known as: loach, loach. The English name is Oriental weatherfish.
The body is slender, slightly rounded at the front end and flattened on the posterior side. The snout is prominent, the eyes are small, the mouth is small, lower, and horseshoe-shaped. The lips are soft and well-developed, with fine wrinkles and small protrusions. There are no fine scales on the head; the body scales are extremely small, buried under the skin, and there are about 150 lateral linear scales; the mucus on the surface of the body is abundant. The dorsal fin has no hard spines and starts slightly ahead above the beginning of the ventral fin; the caudal fin is rounded, with narrow, flattened skin folds above and below the caudal stem. The body is gray and black, and there are many small black spots, and the body color often varies depending on the living environment.
Loach prefers to inhabit the bottom layer of still water, often in the silt surface layer rich in plant detritus at the bottom of lakes, ponds, ditches and paddy fields, and is highly adaptable to the environment. Loach can not only breathe with gills and skin, but also has a special intestinal respiration function; when the weather is sweltering or the mud at the bottom of the pool, humus and other substances rot, causing serious hypoxia, loach can also jump out of the water, or rise vertically to the surface, swallow the air directly with the mouth, and the intestinal wall assists breathing, when it turns its head and slowly dives, the exhaust gas is discharged from the anus. At this time, the loach in the entire water body rises to the surface of the water to inhale, one after another, so Western Europeans have the name of "climate fish". In the cold winter, the water body dries up, and the loach burrows into the soil, relying on a small amount of water to keep the skin from drying out, and relies on intestinal breathing to maintain life. When the water rises the following year, he goes out to do activities again. Because loach has a much higher ability to tolerate low dissolved oxygen than ordinary fish, it has a longer survival time after leaving the water. In dry barrels, loach juveniles with a total length of 4-5 cm can survive for 1 hour, while adults with a total length of 12 cm can survive for 6 hours, and they can still move normally when they are put back into the water. Loach mostly comes out at night to prey on plankton, aquatic insects, crustaceans, detritus of aquatic higher plants and algae, and sometimes ingests underwater humus or mud residue. Loach matures at 2 winter ages, begins to breed in April each year (water temperature 18 ° C), lays eggs in shallow water grasses with a water depth of less than 30 cm, and the eggs produced adhere to aquatic grasses or submerged dry grasses. Hatchlings often live in dispersed and do not form groups.
Except for the western plateau area, this fish grows everywhere in China from south to north.
Loach is small, but it is widely distributed in any body of water and can be caught all year round. It has strong vitality, rich resources, and is also a nutrient-rich small aquatic product. Loach meat is tender and delicious, with a protein content of up to 18.4-22.6 grams per 100 grams of edible parts, which is higher than that of ordinary fish; it also contains 2.8-2.9 grams of fat, 100-117 kcal of calories, 51-459 mg of calcium, 154-243 mg of phosphorus, 2.7-3.0 mg of iron, and vitamins B1, B2 and niacin. Loach eating more has the effect of treating diseases. Loach is sweet and flat. The "Introduction to Medicine" said that it can "make up for and stop the leakage". The "Compendium of Materia Medica" records that loach has the effect of warming up and improving qi; it has certain medicinal effects on quenching thirst and sobering wine, urinating, aphrodisiac, and hemorrhoids. It has a good effect on hepatitis, children's night sweats, hemorrhoids falling, skin itching, bruises, finger boils, impotence, ascites, cradle carbuncle and other symptoms. There are three main common medicinal food methods:
1, take an appropriate amount of loach in water, drop a few drops of vegetable oil, remove the sewage every day, change into clean water, wait for it to drain the intestinal mud water dirt after washing into the pot, dry over low heat, grind and set aside. Take 5 grams at a time, warm boiled water, three times a month. This method is effective for acute and chronic hepatitis; it can also treat jaundice, liver protection, and promote swollen liver and spleen retraction.
2. Use an appropriate amount of live loach, after processing according to the above method, cook soup with the same amount of fresh shrimp to eat, which can treat impotence caused by kidney deficiency.
3, each time take 200 grams of live loach, fry with peanut oil until yellow, add an appropriate amount of water and salt, cook and eat, with spleen, kidney and stomach effect.
The mucus of loach can be taken internally to treat urinary obstruction and hot showers; external use can cure vitiligo and lacquer sores (skin diseases caused by lacquer poisoning).
27. Flower perch
(Lateolabrax japonicus) is a genus of perch, bass family, flower perch. Commonly known as: perch, flower village, plate perch, perch board. Japanese sea perch, Black spotfed bass.
The body is long , flattened on the sides , blunt and rounded on the dorsal ventral surface , and the head is medium large and slightly pointed. The snout is pointed, the mouth is large, the end is positioned, the oblique fissure, and the upper jaw extends below the posterior edge of the eye. The jaws, plough bones and mouth caps all have small teeth. The posterior margin of the anterior paral cap has fine serrations, the lower margin of the posterior angle has 3 large spines, and the posterior gill cap has 1 spine at the posterior end. The scales are small, and the lateral lines are completely straight and straight. The dorsal fins are two, connected only at the base, the 1st dorsal fin has 12 hard spines, the 2nd dorsal fin has 1 hard spine and 11-13 soft fin strips. The back of the body is gray , and the sides and abdomen are silver gray. There are black spots on the upper part of the body and on the dorsal fin, which decrease with age.
Perch prefer to inhabit brackish water in estuaries and can also live in fresh water. It swims mainly in the middle and lower layers of the water, and sometimes dives into the bottom layer to feed. Fry feed on zooplankton, juveniles feed mainly on cockroaches, and adults feed on fish. Sexually mature broodstock are generally 3-winter-old individuals up to about 600 mm long. The reproductive season is in late autumn, and the spawning grounds are in the brackish water area of the estuary.
Distributed in East Asia in China, Korea and Japan, this fish is produced in China's coastal and open-sea freshwater bodies.
Sea bass grow rapidly, with large individuals, generally weighing 1.5-2.5 kg, and the largest individual can reach more than 15 kg. Its flesh is beautiful. Ancient poets once praised their posture and taste with the verse "People on the river, but love the beauty of sea bass". In the coastal area, the yield is higher and it is one of the important edible fish in the production area. Its meat contains 17.5 grams of protein, 3.1 grams of fat, 0.4 grams of carbohydrates, 100 kcal of calories, 56 mg of calcium, 131 mg of phosphorus, 1.2 mg of iron, 20.23 mg of vitamin B, 1.7 mg of niacin and trace amounts of vitamin B1 per 100 grams.
The gills and meat of sea bass can be used in medicine. Its gill taste is sweet and flat, has the effect of coughing up sputum, and can be used to treat children's whooping cough. Its fleshy taste is sweet and warm, has the effect of strengthening the spleen and improving qi, and is often used to treat chronic stomach pain, spleen deficiency and diarrhea, pediatric chancre, indigestion, weight loss and other diseases; if eaten after surgery, it can also promote wound muscle healing.
28. Heels
(Ochetobibus elongatus) is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily Yarrowfish, heliophores. Commonly known as: Diao Zi, Diao Stalk, Chang Diao, Diao Rod.
The body is slender and approximately tubular. The head is small and tapered. The mouth is small, the end is located, the mouth crack is straight, and it is not necessary. The hypopharyngeal teeth are 3 rows long, broad and smooth, with hooked ends. The dorsal fin has no hard spines and its starting point is opposite the ventral fin. The caudal fin is deeply forked and both lobes are pointed at the ends. The body is bluish green on the back, the abdomen is silver, and there is a pale yellow-green longitudinal band above the middle of the body side; the even and fins are orange, and the tail fins are gray-black.
It resembles an eel, but has a mild temperament and has the habit of migrating in the rivers and lakes. It enters the lake from July to September every year to fertilize, and returns to the river rapids to reproduce in the reproductive season. The reproductive season is 4-6 months, and the age of sexual maturity is 3-5 winter ages. Spawning sites need to have running water, and cannot reproduce in still water. Food is mostly animal components, such as aquatic insects, branches, small fish, shrimp and so on.
It is produced in the Yangtze River Basin and all kinds of water bodies south of China.
Although the growth rate is not fast, the largest individual only reaches more than 10 kg, and the common ones are mostly 0.5-1 kg, but its distribution is wider, and the meat is tender and delicious, and it is popular for consumption.
29. Perch
(Percocypris pingi) is a genus of cyprinids, cyprinids, subfamily catfish, and perch. Commonly known as: flower fish, green neck.
30. Long-snout
(Leiocassis longirostris) is a genus of catfish, anchovy family, genus Catfish. Commonly known as: catfish, river tuan, fat tuo, fat king fish. English name: Longsnout catfish.
The body is long, snout-tapered, and prominently protrudes forward. The mouth is lower, crescent-shaped, with a thick lip and small eyes. Must be 4 pairs, small. Scaleless , with serrated serrations on the posterior margin of the hard spines of the dorsal and pectoral fins , hypertrophic adipose fins , and deeply bifurcated caudal fins. The body color is pink , the back is slightly grey , the abdomen is white , and the fins are grayish black.
It generally lives in the bottom of rivers, and is also active in the middle and lower layers of the water body when foraging; in winter, it overwinters in the crevices of the deep water of the main stream. Giraffes are carnivorous fish whose diet consists mainly of small fish and aquatic insects. The minimum age to reach sexual maturity is 3 years old, generally 4-5 years old. Adults begin to mature in March and April each year and spawn up to the rapids of the river at the bottom of the gravel. The spawning period is from April to June, with a decline around August. The amount of eggs conceived varies from 100,000 to 100,000 or more. The spawning grounds of the Yangtze River are more concentrated in the middle reaches of the Jingjiang River and the upper reaches of the Tuojiang River.
It is found in the Liao, Huai, Yangtze, Minjiang to Pearl rivers in eastern China and in western Korea, mainly in the Yangtze River system.
The growth rate of the longnose is relatively fast, and it is the largest of its kind of fish, with a maximum individual of up to 15 kg and a common one of 2-4 kg. It accounts for a larger proportion of catches in the Yangtze River Basin, while the middle and lower reaches are significantly more than in the upper reaches. Catfish is a large economic fish, its tender and delicious meat, rich in fat, and no fine spines, protein content of 13.7%, fat of 4.7%, known as the best in freshwater edible fish. The most beautiful thing about this fish is the belly with soft edges. Moreover, the swim bladder is particularly fat, and when dried, it is a valuable fish belly. The "pen frame fish belly" produced in Shishou City, Hubei Province, is famous. It has a thick rubber layer, pure taste, translucent color, unique production process, the shape of dry products and a beautiful natural pattern embedded in the swim bladder, looking at the light source, and standing in the city of Shishou City, the Beacon Mountain is exactly similar, which is named "Beacon Fish Belly", and has "this thing is only the stone head, walking all over the world", which is a treasure in the food. As early as the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it was dedicated as a treasure to Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, and has been listed as a tribute ever since. The famous Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu, the Song Dynasty poet Su Shi and the modern poet Bi Ye all praised his poems. However, the resources of the Yangtze River medium and long snout have been declining in recent years, and the output has decreased sharply. In order to protect and develop this precious fish, the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Special Aquatic Products of Shishou City have collaborated to tackle the problem, and have made breakthroughs in artificial breeding and breeding technology in 1987. The dorsal fin spines and pectoral fin spines of the bass are poisonous glands, which are more toxic to freshwater stinging fish, and immediately after being stabbed, severe pain and burning occur, and the wound is punctured and torn, bleeding, and local swelling, which will cause fever, pain and itching in the affected area, and stop after half an hour to 1 hour. Stabbing accidents mostly occur when caught, so care must be taken.
31. Fish
(Channa asiatica) is a genus of perch, climbing perch suborder, trout family, snakehead genus. Commonly known as: Guangdong called: seven star fish, mountain flower fish, mountain spot fish, point scale fish, scale star fish, star light fish; Guangxi called: star fish, Zhang Gong fish; Taiwan called: right generation. English name: Snakehead, Chinafish.
It forms like a spotted snakehead. The head is large and broad, the snout is short and round, the mouth is large, the nasal tube is thick, and it extends forward over the upper lip. The scales are larger, the scales on the top of the head are enlarged but irregular, and the scales on the side of the head are also larger. The dorsal and fins are long; the pectoral and caudal fins are rounded; there are no ventral fins. The body margins are black or even grayish black, and the abdomen is grayish white. There are 2 black longitudinal bands on the back of the eye head, extending to the gill cover, upper band and bent towards the base of the pectoral fin; there are 7-9 human glyph-shaped transverse bands with a pointed forward on the side of the body; there are 1 black eye-shaped spot on the base of the caudal fin, and the beaded spot around the spot or 1 circle of beadish highlights; the whole body is covered with beaded highlights, and the dorsal fin and fin have multiple rows of bead-colored highlights, especially in males.
Moon carp is a broad-temperature fish, strong adaptability, living water temperature of 1-38 °C, feeding water temperature of 12-32 °C, growth water temperature of 13-30 °C, the optimal growth water temperature of 15-25 °C. He has the habit of liking darkness, loving to punch holes, burrowing, living in clusters, and eating residues. It inhabits mountain streams and also lives in rivers, ditches and ponds. Ferocious and fast-moving, it is an animal-based omnivorous fish that feeds on fish, shrimp, aquatic insects, etc., and prefers compound feed and frozen fresh fish under artificial domestication conditions. The age of primary sexual maturity is 2 winters, and the artificially farmed fish is 1 winter age, and the relative amount of eggs conceived is about 500. The reproductive period is From April to June, May to July is the peak of spawning, the breeding water temperature is 18-28 ° C, and the broodstock have the instinct of pairing, nesting and protecting young.
It is distributed in various water systems south of the Yangtze River, and is relatively common in the upper reaches.
The growth is slower, the individual is not large, the weight is generally about 250 grams; but it is rich in nutrients, tender meat, delicious taste, and has medicinal properties such as muscle and blood, and the masses like it better than the spotted snake, which sells well in South China, Hong Kong and Macao and Southeast Asia.
32. Erhai bighead carp
33. Carp
34. Periwinkle
35. Spotted fork tail return
36、 Wide fin (fish rat)
37. Yellowtail carp
38、 Zhonghua (next to the fish) (fish skin)
39. Colored Stone (when fishing)
40、 Scaly spines (next to the fish) (fish skin)
41、 Emei Thorn (next to the fish) (fish skin)
42. Yangtze River Sturgeon.