The National Agricultural Technology Center issued the key points of green prevention and control technology for cowpea, leek and celery diseases and insect pests

Key points of green prevention and control technology for cowpea diseases and insect pests

Cowpea insect pests mainly include spotted fly, pod borer, thrips, aphids, twill moth, beet moth, red spider, etc.; the main diseases are rust, powdery mildew, anthrax, virus disease, blight, gray mold and so on. In the process of prevention and control, the main prevention and control objects should be clarified for the protected areas or open-field cowpeas of different cultivation modes, and the corresponding prevention and control measures should be selected.

First, healthy cultivation

Rational crop rotation, advocate water and drought rotation or rotation with grain and leafy vegetable crops, maintain a benign soil environment suitable for cowpea planting; select resistant (resistant) varieties, deep ditches and high ridges, reasonable dense planting, application of sufficient base fertilizer and the use of decomposing organic fertilizers, ditch drainage, breed strong seedlings.

2. Soil treatment

Solar high temperature shed: using the summer high temperature leisure period, after soil irrigation, apply semi-decomposed crop straw or decomposed manure, and the soil is fully mixed with the film, covered and closed, maintaining the high temperature and high humidity state in the shed, and the temperature of the shed rises to more than 70 ° C for 10-15 days.

Soil disinfection: soil-borne diseases of the heavily affected plots, in the summer high temperature season, deep ploughing 25 cm, per mu sprinkled 500 kg of chopped straw or wheat straw, sprinkled lime nitrogen 40-80 kg after rotary tillage mixing, ridge, mulching, mulching, irrigation, soil moisture above 60%, maintained for 20 days.

Biological fungal agent treatment: before sowing or colonization, apply enough decomposing organic fertilizer or farm manure, and then use biocontrol agents such as green zombie granules to shallow rotary tillage, and water after colonization, which can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of diseases and insect pests such as thrips.

Third, physical barrier

The use of 40-60 mesh insect net to prevent insects, insect net shed room needs to strengthen ventilation, drainage, summer and autumn cultivation appropriate shade cooling. Silver-gray film strips (or silver-gray mulch film) are used to avoid aphids and mulch film covering to block thrips from entering the soil.

Fourth, release natural enemies

Select superior natural enemies according to local conditions, and pay attention to coordinating the time of medication and release of natural enemies. Release of aphid wasps and other control of whitefly insect pests; release of small flower bugs, predatory mites to control thrips pests; release of Chilean small plant mites and other control leaf mite pests.

Fifth, rational use of drugs

Strictly abide by the interval between the safe use of pesticides, rotate alternate medications, and do not exceed the dosage and frequency of medications; the harvest period can only use pesticides with a safe interval of no more than 3 days. When necessary, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs "Technical Indicators for Pesticide Residue Risk Control of Characteristic Small Crops", temporary drug use measures are scientifically formulated.

(1) Pest control

Prevention and control of thrips: at the seedling stage, use systemic agents such as thiamethazine to irrigate roots to control pests such as thrips; during the growth period, lycopene beetle green zombie, matrine, ethyl polybactericide, polycycline, methylaminoavermectin benzoate, imidacloprid, insecticide, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and other agents are selected.

Prevention and control of pod borer: the selection of thuringiensis, indate, ethyl polybactericide, high efficiency cypermethrin, bromocyanidamide, chlorantran benzamide, methylamino avermectin benzoate and other agents.

Prevention and control of twill moth, beet moth: use karyotype polyhedral virus, scarab green zombie fungus, bitter vine and other agents.

Prevention and control of spotted fly: the selection of ethyl polybactericide, fly amine, amine and insecticidal mono, bromocyanide amide, avermectin and other agents.

Prevention and control of aphids: the use of matrine, dipropyl cyclosomes, bromocyanidamide and other agents.

(2) Disease prevention and control

To prevent or in the early stage of the disease, the use of basilisin, sulfur, manganese zinc, benzopyroxystrobin agents and take temporary medication measures such as pyrazole ether esters, propiconazole, proprazole, and proprazole alcohol to prevent and control rust, powdery mildew, anthrax and other diseases; use agents such as xanthopramine to irrigate and prevent blight and root rot.

Key points of green prevention and control technology for leek diseases and insect pests

The main pests of leek insects are leek late-eyed mushroom mosquitoes (leek maggots), thrips, aphids, scallop moths, leafminer flies, etc.; the main diseases are gray mold, blight, sclerotia and so on. For protected or open leeks with different cultivation modes, the main prevention and control objects should be clarified in the process of prevention and control, and corresponding prevention and control technologies should be adopted.

Agricultural measures

Reasonable selection of resistant varieties according to local conditions; no application of uncorried organic fertilizer, balanced fertilization; after harvesting leeks, barrier measures such as scattering grass and wood ash, ground covering or sand covering can be taken to reduce the spawning of leek maggots; avoid planting leeks in plots with lily crops before stubble, implement rotation for more than 3 years, and rotate crops in water and drought; protected areas should implement high furrows and deep ditches, irrigation a small amount of water many times, avoid flood irrigation, timely ventilation and humidification, and prevent the occurrence of gray mold disease.

Second, the application of high-temperature laminating technology according to local conditions

From the end of April to the middle of September, choose the weather with strong solar rays (light intensity of more than 55,000 lux), and use the "sun and high temperature lamination method" to control leek maggots. At about 8:00 a.m., cover with a light blue drip film with a thickness of 0.10-0.12 mm (cut the leeks 1-2 days before mulching), cover the surrounding areas with soil pressure after mulching, and try to exceed the edge of the field by about 50 cm around the film. When the temperature of the soil in the film reaches 40 ° C at a depth of 5 cm and lasts for more than 3 hours, the film can be uncovered to cool down to avoid damage to the roots. After the film is removed, the soil temperature is reduced and the water is flooded in time to promote the slow seedlings.

3. Timely biological control

To prevent and control leek maggots, it is advisable to choose spring and autumn, rainy weather or when the sun is weak in the morning and evening,

Spray about 100 million insect pathogen nematodes per acre at the root of leeks, and then water them, applying 2-3 times a year; or in the early larval stage in spring and autumn, select Coccidioides albicans and fine soil and sprinkle them on the base of leeks.

To prevent gray mold, sclerotia and blight, before the shed, use Trichoderma or Bacillus subtilis, spray treatment of furrows evenly covered with fungal agents and then buckle the shed. After the shed, when the leeks grow to about 5 cm, spray Bacillus subtilis powder (content greater than 10 billion spores / g, micronized fineness 800 mesh), spray 100-200 grams per mu, can also effectively control gray mold, sclerotia and other diseases.

Fourth, scientific and rational use of drugs

It is strictly forbidden to use highly toxic and high residue pesticides on vegetables that are explicitly prohibited by the state and local governments. The use of pesticides alternately, strictly complying with the provisions of dosage, medication method and safety interval. When necessary, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs "Technical Indicators for Pesticide Residue Risk Control of Characteristic Small Crops", temporary drug use measures are scientifically formulated.

Pest control: control of leek maggots, optional use of silencterine, flullurea, thiamethoxine, thiamethoxine, fluoridine and other agents; control of aphids, optional use of high-efficiency cypermethrin, matrine and other agents; control of thrips, optional use of scarab green zombie, thiamethoxine, ethyl polybactericide and other agents; control of leafminer flies, optional use of fly killing amine, high efficiency cypermethrin and other agents; control of allium scale moth, optional use of metamino avermectin benzoate, high-efficiency cypermethrin and other agents.

Disease prevention and control: Before the onset of the disease or the early stage of the disease, the prevention and control of gray mold disease, you can choose to use putrex, pyrimidine and other agents and take temporary medication measures such as isobacterium urea and pyrimidine; for the prevention and control of blight, temporary medication measures such as enoylmorpholine, fludimidamine, cyanosamide and so on can be taken.

Key points of green control technology for celery diseases and insect pests

The main diseases of celery are spot blight, leaf spot disease, soft rot, sclerotia, root-knot nematode disease, virus disease and so on. The main pests are spotted fly, aphids, beet moths, twill moths, thrips, whiteflies and so on. For protected areas or open-field celery with different cultivation modes, the main prevention and control objects should be clearly defined in the prevention and control, and the prevention and control effect should be targeted to improve the prevention and control effect.

First, fitness cultivation

Crop rotation control: Avoid stubble with celery, coriander, carrots and other umbelliferous vegetables, and effectively control diseases such as spot blight and root-knot nematode disease through crop rotation with rice, onion and garlic, corn and eggplant fruits.

Healthy seedlings: seed treatment before sowing, selection of disease-resistant (resistant) varieties of spot blight, soft rot and sclerotia.

Clean the countryside: After harvesting, during the growth period, clean up the residual plants and dead leaves in time, and concentrate on harmless treatment to reduce the source of diseases and insects and improve the permeability of the field.

Second, soil disinfection

Solar high temperature stuffy shed: the use of summer high temperature leisure period, soil irrigation, the application of semi-decomposed crop straw or decomposed manure, and soil after fully mixed with the film, cover the shed, closed, maintain the high temperature and high humidity state in the shed, the shed temperature rises to more than 70 ° C for 10-15 days.

Soil disinfection: root-knot nematode disease and other soil-borne diseases of the heavily affected plots, in the summer high temperature season, deep ploughing 25 cm, each acre sprinkled 500 kg of chopped straw or wheat straw, sprinkled lime nitrogen 40-80 kg after rotary tillage mixing, ridge, mulching after laying mulch irrigation, soil moisture of more than 60%, maintained for 20 days.

Third, release natural enemies at an appropriate time

Priority is given to the use of biological agents to control aphids, whiteflies, thrips and other pests, suppress the source base of insects, after 7-10 days of application, the release of natural enemies of insects when pests are first seen in the shed, the use of aphids to control aphids, the control of whiteflies by lice wasps, the control of pest mites in Chile, and the control of thrips by small flower bugs. After the release of natural enemies, do a good job of pest monitoring, and take the necessary chemical control in time.

Fourth, scientific physical and chemical inducement control

Set up insect nets: Install 40-60 insect nets at the entrance and vent of the shed, taking into account insect control and reducing humidity in the shed.

Insect pheromone booby-trap: Install a group of insect pheromone traps per acre to trap adult insects such as twill nocturnal moths and beet moths.

Light booby-trap: During the adult bloom of pests such as Lepidoptera, continuous light booby-trap is carried out.

Swatch booby-trapping: When adults move from outside the field into the celery shed, the yellow plate traps winged aphids and spotted flies, and the blue plate traps thrips, which can effectively suppress the pest base.

Fifth, rational use of drugs

It can be applied by means of root irrigation at the seedling stage and spraying during the growth period. Give priority to the use of biologically derived pesticides, scientifically select high-efficiency, low-risk chemical pesticides, pay attention to drug rotation, and strictly implement the safety interval. When necessary, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs "Technical Indicators for Pesticide Residue Risk Control of Characteristic Small Crops", temporary drug use measures are scientifically formulated.

Pest control: you can choose to use imidacloprid, pyrazone, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam and other agents to control aphids; the selection of bitter vine and other agents to control beet nocturnal moths, twill moths and other pests.

Disease control: Mixamide, phenylmethicazole and other agents can be used to prevent and control diseases such as spot blight, leaf spot disease, sclerotia and so on.

Source: National Agricultural Technology Extension Center