Xuefeng Black-bone chicken is a combined local breed with certain medicinal value. Its origin is the area around Xuefeng Mountain in the southwest of Hunan Province, and the central production area is Hongjiang City (formerly Qianyang County), which is distributed in Huaihua's Huitong, Jingzhou, Zhongfang, Zhijiang, Shaoyang Suining, Dongkou and other counties.
Xuefeng black bone chicken is tender and delicious, with high meat and medicinal value. Xuefeng black-boned chicken passed the appraisal of Hunan Provincial Livestock and Poultry Breed Approval Committee in 2020, and was appraised by the National Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Commission in 2009.
Physical appearance characteristics
The Snow Peak Black Bone Chicken is medium in size, with a strong physique, a slightly longer body and a crescent-shaped body. Single crown, 6 to 8 crown teeth, purple-red. The flesh is purple-red in color. The iridescence is brown. The beak is hooked and black. The skin is black. The shin is black. The plumage is dominated by white and yellow feathers, with a small number of black feathers. The whole body feathers of the white feathers are white, the jute feathers are jute (with a few black feathers in between), the black feathers are black feathers, and a few roosters have yellow markings on the neck.
The rooster's neck feathers are slender, the tail feathers are well developed, and the hind tail is upturned and fan-shaped. The hens are slightly smaller. The fluff of chicks is mostly yellow and white, and a few are black.
The weight and body size of adult chickens in Xuefeng black-boned chickens are shown in Table 1.
Production performance
The weight and body size of the xuefeng black-boned chicken at different stages of the growth period are shown in Table 2, and the slaughtering performance is shown in Table 3.
The results of the quality determination of Xuefeng black bone eggs are shown in Table 4.
Reproductive properties
According to the breeding data statistics of the original breeding farm of Xuefeng black-bone chicken from 2000 to 2001, the average number of eggs laid by Xuefeng black-bone chicken was 156 days old, and the number of eggs laid at 450 days old was 118, and the average egg weight was 45.5g. The fertilization rate of seed eggs was 91.6% and the hatchability rate of fertilized eggs was 91.6%. Hens have a strong nesting ability, nesting 3 to 4 times a year, and the nesting rate is about 88%.
Variety evaluation
Xuefeng black bone chicken is tender and delicious, with high meat and medicinal value. However, there are characteristics of slower growth rate and lower reproductive performance.
At present, the original breeding farm of Hongjiang Xuefeng black-bone chicken in Huaihua City, Hunan Province, undertakes the task of seed preservation, and in the future, it is necessary to strengthen the selection and breeding of pure lines, improve its production performance, and on the basis of doing a good job in the selection and breeding of this breed, strictly select and match seeds to ensure the homogeneity of this excellent gene.
Development status
In the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), the "Reconstruction of the Chronicle of Qianyang County" recorded: "The domestic chicken has several colors, and it is better to have white hair and black skin, flesh and bone. "It shows that at that time, the local area had already raised Xuefeng black bone chickens."
Xuefeng black bone chicken is known locally as "medicine chicken", that the black chicken with medicine steaming, can be beneficial to qi deficiency, nourish yin and kidney, is a post-illness weakness, women's postpartum tonic products, can also assist in the treatment of headaches, kidney deficiency and gynecological diseases. The Xuefeng black-bone chicken is loved by consumers for its unique edible and medicinal value, and at the same time, it has become the main source of family income for farmers in the region, who have long paid attention to the selection and breeding of chickens. Due to the inconvenience of transportation in the production area, farmers raise chickens by themselves, and gradually form this unique local chicken breed.
In the mid-1980s, the supporting breeding technology of Xuefeng black-bone chicken was introduced and comprehensively promoted, so that the breeding of Xuefeng black-bone chicken was popularized in urban and rural areas, and the amount of chicken feeding and caged increased rapidly. And initially formed a technical services, seedling incubation, disease prevention and control, feed supply, product sales and other system construction network. He has won the second prize of Huaihua Regional Science and Technology Progress Award, the second prize of Hunan Agricultural Harvest Plan and the third prize of Agricultural Science and Technology Progress Award. The number of Xuefeng black-bone chickens was about 5,100 in 2002, and about 11,000 were in stock at the end of 2005.
The content of the article is derived from "China's Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources - Poultry Chronicle" and "Analysis of the Development and Utilization Prospects of Xuefeng Black Bone Chicken".
A tool for population assessment . Jingxin No.1
Using the "Jingxin No. 1" chip for detection, xuefeng black bone chicken breeding work can know the effective content of the group, comb the genealogy of the group, and clarify the inbreeding coefficient of the group. When there is excessive inbreeding in the population and the overall seed preservation effect is not good, the artificial breeding intervention through the genomic kinship coefficient can be carried out in time to reduce the inbreeding increment and maintain the genetic diversity of the Xuefeng black bone chicken population.
"Jingxin No. 1" is jointly developed by the Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Beijing Compson Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which is a medium and high-throughput SNP splitting chip specially designed for local chicken breeds in China. Using the "Jingxin No. 1" chip to detect the DNA of the experimental sample, after the quality control of the obtained SNP data, genetic diversity analysis, kinship analysis, population genetic structure analysis, inbred coefficient analysis can be carried out on the seed preservation population, and the seed preservation field can be more accurately seed preservation work through the analysis results.