# Health Science Contest #
#给孩子的科普 #
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Foffelbacterium in the back pot</h1>
In the early twentieth century, there was an authoritative bacteriologist Richard. Faivre reported that he had discovered the pathogen of influenza, a microbial bacillus, hence the name Fauveurella.
In the autumn of 1918, when the flu had caused panic everywhere, people generally blamed Pfeiffer bacillus.
However, this microbial guy who seems to be swinging, although it does exist in the infected human body, is not the real source of the disease.
Little does it happen that the flu is caused by something smaller than Faiveur's bacilli.
Yes, in the early twentieth century, people didn't have much means to see things as small as a flu virus.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" what is the > bacteria? What is a virus? </h1>
A bacterium is a living cell that can multiply its next generation by dividing.
If we are infected with bacteria, you can imagine that these microorganisms will breathe, play, play, and raise offspring within the human body;
And what is a virus that is much smaller than bacteria?
They are the smallest, simplest organisms that exist within cells.
Specific to influenza viruses, they are single-stranded RNA that wraps around a membrane like a small ball, or like a small long pole.
If you look a little closer, you can see that on the surface of the flu virus, like a pin, there are some proteins, and these pins are weapons that invade human cells, and the needle called HA will produce an adsorption effect that firmly grasps the cells that want to infect; the other is called NA, which is responsible for promoting the release of viruses that have been copied and assembled, so that they can enter the infected cells.
Viruses, then, are actually inanimate genetic material, which become more and more abundant by replicating within other living host cells, affecting healthy cells.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > people didn't understand the flu virus, the flu vaccine was produced</h1>
Back in 1919, the United States was being afflicted by the flu virus. A microbiologist at a hospital in Minnesota, Edward M. Rosenow made some new discoveries, and instead of obsessing over Faiveurella, he isolated substances from the sputum and lung tissue of local flu patients and made a vaccine.
Although he did not know that these substances were actually some strains of the virus, the concept of "vaccination" has long been widely accepted.
One hundred thousand people, in a panic, were vaccinated against Dr. Edward.
People like Dr. Edward aren't the only ones, and there are people in Boston who have made similar vaccines.
Their efforts were like a faint light in the dim sky, allowing those who had heard the news to come to be vaccinated a little breather.
A health official at the time commented on the vaccines, saying that the greatest value of the flu vaccine was that it reduced people's "flu phobia."
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > my attitude towards getting a baby flu shot was vague</h1>
I would like to discuss people's attitudes towards getting the flu vaccine every year. We in China require uniform vaccination of school-age children every year, which does not seem to cause any objections.
However, for preschool children, it is up to parents to decide whether to get the flu vaccine, do you remember, at that time, how did your parents think about this?
Not knowing how others are, my own attitude used to be vague. So my son didn't get the flu vaccine until he was four years old.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Academician Zhong Nanshan appeared</h1>
Later, because of the filming of a documentary, I went to the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory System in Guangzhou to interview Academician Zhong Nanshan.
In the small talk outside of the interview, I inadvertently asked the question: Should my child be vaccinated against the flu.
The most direct reason why I asked this question was when I heard such a sentence at the vaccination front desk of a community health service station.
I remember that it was about November, and many of the flu vaccines at the service stations were out of stock, and I was uneasy because I hoped that in this year, I would be able to vaccinate my children.
At this time, a staff member responded to me loudly: "Why do you have to be vaccinated?" Why disturb your child's own immune system in this way? ”
Back to Academician Zhong Nanshan, he answered my questions in a few words.
The answer is clear and should be vaccinated every year.
Below, I will tell you a few simple words about what Academician Zhong Nanshan said, sorting out and generating hair, combined with the origin of the influenza vaccine.
<H1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the historical story of influenza vaccines</h1>
By the 1930s, scientists finally knew what they were looking for.
The method used seems to be very simple, that is, the liquid taken from the flu patient is filtered, and after all the visible microorganisms are filtered out, the liquid is completely clear.
Such a liquid was used to infect, for example, pigs or ferrets, and they were successfully infected with the flu.
In the years that followed, new electron microscopes finally allowed people to see and photograph the influenza virus.
By the time of World War II, people had started making flu vaccines to protect soldiers.
Like in the First World War, in the invasion of the pandemic, the tragic situation of people falling down in pieces was no longer repeated.
Of course, scientists also quickly discovered that the variable characteristics of influenza viruses make the production of vaccines a great challenge.
The only way to do this is to do a whole new job of tracking, identifying, and preparing every year.
This is a global effort.
In 80 countries, 110 WHO influenza prevention centres are distributed, and they receive nasal and throat swab samples from flu patients each year to identify the strains that are circulating.
If there are new strains that mutate, they send samples to the five major influenza cooperative centers, our beijing in China, which is one of them.
In these five places, scientists perform more detailed, molecular-level analyses. All identification and analysis will be discussed in two meetings. With the northern hemisphere in February and the southern hemisphere in September, the time is very tight, the flu season is approaching, and WHO experts need to recommend the virus strain as quickly and accurately as possible to guide the preparation of new vaccines.
Hearing this, do you think that these vaccines that have been scrutinized by scientists around the world should be accepted?
It should be noted that no one can guarantee that the new vaccine every year will match the virus of that year, because you can never know when the little devil of the flu virus will suddenly transform and disrupt all the plans of mankind.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > disturbed or activated? </h1>
Finally, it was necessary to discern what the health service worker had said — she said, "Why do you use vaccinations to disrupt your child's own immune system?" ”
What do you think is the problem with this sentence?
Since 1796, the British physician Edward. Jenner made that bold attempt by extracting a small amount of pus from a milkmaid infected with the smallpox virus and injecting it into a little boy, thus immunizing the little boy against smallpox, and "vaccination" became a great concept to save lives.
Its basic principle is to let the weakened virus into the human body, which does not cause disease, but activates the body's immune system, allowing it to calmly cope with a large number of real viruses.
So, the relationship between vaccination and the immune system is, of course, the "activation" relationship, and why "disturb"?
The staff member who said this sentence, it seems, should not have figured out what "vaccination" and "immunization" really are.
Dear everyone, have you figured it out?