Many articles describe Dolgun as a famous general, but in fact, Dolgun is more of a strategist and politician, and has nothing to do with famous generals.
Dorgon, the fourteenth son of Nurhaci and the second son of Abhay. In the 40th year of the Ming Dynasty (1612), he was born in Hetuala (present-day Old Town, Xinbin County, Liaoning Province), known as the Nine Kings. After the death of Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty, emperor Fu Lin of Shunzhi succeeded to the throne, leading the Eight Banners to establish Beijing and basically achieve unification.
Thinking of this, many people will think that his combat strength is explosive, he must be a famous general, but in fact, it is not. Since ancient times, the standards of famous generals are different, but usually look at the results of the battles they command, the level of tactics, especially the level of field command, such as Wei Qing, Huo Quyi, Li Jing, Li Ji, etc., all of which are all.
Records of the wars in which Dorgon was involved:
Ao MuLen victory
In the second year of Tiancong (ming chongzhen, 1628), Dorgon accompanied his brother Emperor Taiji into the Mongolian Chahar Dorot department. Dorgon had military merits, breaking the enemy at Ao MuLen, and history called Ao Mu Leng a great victory. What are the specifics? About 20,000 people in the Dorgon army were caught up by 40,000 people of Lin Dan Khan, and the two sides fought in the field, and finally the Dolgun army lost more than 2,800 elites, the Ming army suffered more than 5,300 casualties, and Lin Dan Khan lost more than 6,300 people. There was almost no tactics on both sides, the Dolgun department first killed the Tiger Zun cannon position, and then it was a meat grinding battle, after the metal was heavy infantry, heavy horseback, Lin Dan Khan light cavalry was the mainstay, but the "kite flying" tactical bow and arrow could not penetrate the rear gold armor. From these advantages, dorgon's highlight is to first disrupt the enemy's infantry and artillery coordination, which is the highlight. In terms of results, with the advantage of the Eight Banners, the result of this battle loss ratio is also very general. But as a result, Emperor Taiji gave him the nickname "Morgan Daiqing" (meaning clever commander).
The Battle of the Jam
In the third year of Tiancong (the second year of Ming Chongzhen, 1629), Dolgun and Emperor Taiji broke through the Ming Dynasty from Longjing Pass, and together with Belle Mang Guertai and others, they captured Hanerzhuang, approached Tongzhou, and approached Beijing. He also defeated the reinforcements of Yuan Chonghuan and Zu Dashou outside the Guangqu Gate, and annihilated the reinforcements of the Ming Dynasty's Shanhaiguan in Jizhou. In the fourth year of Tiancong (ming chongzhen three years, 1630), the large army that attacked Beijing returned to the dynasty, and Dolgun and Mang guertai went first, and then broke the Ming army. The bright spot here is that the field strategy has been adopted successively to push into Beijing, and the superior forces have been concentrated to encircle the points for reinforcements. The commander of this squadron was mainly Mang Gultai, and the upper level was the command of Huang Taiji, and Dolgun was Mang Gultai's assistant tactical executor.
Battle of the Great Ling River
The 50,000-strong army led by the Later Jin Emperor Taiji attacked the Ming Dynasty's Liaoxi Dalinghe City, which was a very successful strategy set by the Emperor Taiji, and internally he wanted to establish a strong position in the army, when the three major Baylors were all opposed to the Thousand Mile Raid, and the Emperor Taiji was strongly opposed to the public opinion. In the early stage, the iron barrel besieged the city, the mid-term encirclement point reinforcements, the war to promote peace, the attack on the city, these strategies were very successful, the result was to take the Daling River, Zu Dashou surrendered for the first time. Dorgon was also the tactical executor of the reinforcements in this battle, recording: Dorgon, Dorgon, Abatai and others divided and surrounded Madengyun, Black Cloud Dragon, Sun Zushou and others. The last time he attacked zhang chun to aid the superintendent dao, he suffered losses at the beginning, and the cavalry was suppressed by Zhang Chun's firearm chariot and did not reverse. In the end, Huang Taiji took the form of yi waiting for labor, covered with red-clad cannon arrays, and waited for Zhang Chun to approach the pocket array of the Daling River, and then waited for the lao to bombard, and finally Huang Taiji personally led the cavalry to harvest and finish the matter. On the whole, Dorgon was a tactical resolute executor and had no specific command performance.
The battle of entering the plug after the Daling River was basically with superior troops, entering the customs and sweeping, just like harvesting wheat, there was no bright spot.
Battle of Matsuki
The Battle of DalingHe, the siege point to fight for reinforcements, with the tactic of waiting for labor was very successful, Huang Taiji ate the sweetness, and continued to copy this set in Jinzhou to encircle Jinzhou. At that time, Jinzhou, Songshan, and Xingxingshan were each other's horns, and they could have supported each other, but after the Jintietong siege, the Jinzhou defender Zu Dashou reported to the Ming Court: "Jincheng rice is only available for more than a month, and the beans are not in January, if the cunning voice is again Yin, and the Ningjin qi pulse is interrupted, then the three cities of Song, Xingxing, and Jin are already in a precarious situation, and the future is not over." "The Ming Dynasty ordered Hong Chengzu to lead Wang Pu, Yang Guozhu, Tang Tong, Bai Guang'en, Cao Changjiao, Ma Ke, Wang Tingchen, and Wu Sangui to eight general soldiers, with 130,000 troops, to aid Jinzhou to break the siege. Hong Chengyu did not dare to venture forward, and stationed in Ningyuan to spy on the situation in Jinzhou. Due to the financial difficulties of the Ming Dynasty at that time, Chen Xinjia, the Shangshu of the Military Department, advocated a quick battle and a quick decision, urging the domain to march. On July 26, 1477, Chongzhen took the oath of office in Ningyuan, led eight general troops and 130,000 people, and arrived at the area of Rufeng Mountain in the south of Jinzhou on the 28th. On the twenty-ninth day, the Battle of Xishimen began, under the command of Dolgun, occupying a high point and firing ten thousand arrows in unison, random arrows raining down, and dropping a large number of rolling stones, but also with more than thirty red-clad cannons fired at the same time, Ming general Yang Guozhu led his troops to attack Xishimen, Yang Guozhu was killed by arrows, and achieved good results here. Later, the Ming army adjusted its tactics, used crossfire, and with the support of its own artillery, conquered the three flags camp of Zhenghong, Red, and Blue, and only after the Golden Artillery Battalion became an army, the psychological deterrent was not enough, and the two sides fought on The Milk Peak Mountain, "Qing soldiers and horses, there were many casualties", the Qing army lost, almost to the point of rout. At this time, Dorgon came out with the Qing army's iron horse and infantry, stormed the Ming army vehicle battalion, ignored the crossfire network formed by the artillery, and as a result, under the fierce fire attack, the first victory and then defeat, the results were difficult to pass. In this battle, the Dorgon artillery was poorly prepared, the infantry and artillery coordination was poor, and the Ming army did not take advantage of the Ming army's high dependence on artillery support, timidly resisted the characteristics of close combat, and gave full play to the experience of the Ao Mulun war, first killing the artillery positions, and then turning back to collect the chariots, resulting in a rout.
At this point, when it was about to fail, it was the Emperor Taiji who was holding the illness to save the scene, and on August 18, 14th, Chongzhen, the Emperor Taiji took the emergency aid with the illness, "the upward line was urgent, the nose was not stopped", and traveled more than 500 miles day and night to reach Qijiabao (Qijiabao, Jinxian County, Liaoning) north of Jinzhou City, tightly surrounded by the Songshan area. Hong Chengyu fought a decisive battle with the Qing army in the Songshan and Jinzhou areas, and the Emperor Taiji secretly ordered Azig to raid Tashan and seize the twelve piles of grain and grass that the Ming army had accumulated on Beacon Mountain when the tide was falling. The Ming army "because of lack of food, it was decided to break through in two ways, at which time "the commanders were racing and the horses were trampling on each other", the generals Wu Sangui and Wang Pu fled into Xingshan, and the general soldiers, Soldiers And Horses, Li Fuming, and others rushed into Tashan. Chengzu and others failed to break through, trapped Songshan City, organized several breakthroughs, but failed, and soon "the road to pay was cut off, and the city was exhausted", and Songshan's deputy general Xia Chengde sent people to secretly surrender to Qing, thinking that it was an internal response. On February 18 of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, the city fell, the general Qiu Minyang, Wang Tingchen, and Cao Wanjiao were killed, Hong Chengyu and Zu Dale were defeated and captured in Shenyang, and on March 8, Zu Dashou led his troops to surrender the city, and the Qing army occupied Jinzhou. On April 22, the Qing army used red-clad artillery to destroy the xingshan city wall, and the deputy general Lü Pinqi led his troops to surrender without a fight, and the three cities of Songshan, Jinzhou, and Xingshan were destroyed, and the Songjin War ended.
Battle of Shanhaiguan
In 1643 (the eighth year of Qing Chongde and the sixteenth year of Ming Chongzhen), Emperor Taiji of the Qing Dynasty died and Fu Lin succeeded to the throne, because Fu Lin was young and assisted by Dolgun and Zilharang. Dorgon understood that the Ming Dynasty had been fighting with the peasant army for many years, and it was on the verge of disintegration, and believed that the time had come to enter the Central Plains. In the first month of the first year of Shunzhi, Dorgon wrote a letter to the Great Shun Army in the name of the Qing Emperor, proposing a strategy of conspiring together and taking the Central Plains, but Li Zicheng ignored it. On the ninth day of April, Dorgon was ordered by the general to lead more than 100,000 people of the Manchu, Mongolian, and Han Eight Banners Army, leaving Shengjing and marching west. On the eleventh day, at the Liaohe River, Li Zicheng's army attacked the Beijing Division on March 19, and the Ming Dynasty was dead, so he adopted the suggestion of the Ming general Hong Chengzu and decided to lead his troops south through Miyun and Jizhou to Beijing, from attacking Ming to competing with Li Zicheng for the right to rule the whole country.
Just at this moment, a teammate came - Wu Sangui. Wu Sangui retreated to Shanhaiguan, Li Zicheng sent Tang Tong to surrender, Wu Sangui was ready, just happened to meet Liu Zongmin, a pig teammate, grabbed Wu's father Wu Xiang and "tortured", robbed his concubine Chen Yuanyuan, he suddenly changed his original intention, under the banner of revenge for the Chongzhen Emperor, refused to surrender Li Zicheng, and also attacked Tang Tongbu at Shanhaiguan, and asked Dolgun for help.
At this time, Dorgon took the initiative and began to reflect his pragmatic and action-oriented politician nature. Basically, it is to watch from the wall first, and then the fatigue of the two sides will end with the elite soldiers; and then later, with Wu Sangui as the vanguard, the Harvest behind the Eight Banners Hall. Wu Sangui first wanted to "split the soil to reward" and do the east himself, but finally found out that he was a guest, executed the shaving order, and was awarded the title of "King of Pingxi". Basically, Dorgon didn't have any military campaign tactical highlights here.
After this, it is more Azig, dodo unification process, they are the protagonists, and Dorgon is more in the capital division, coordinating logistics.
In summary, it can be seen that basically Dorgon does not have too many bright spots in the military, but more is the embodiment of strategy and strategy. Except for the Battle of Shanhaiguan, no large-scale war of more than 20,000 people was single-handedly commanded. Most of the individual commanders are detachments, tactical executors, harvesting weak troops with absolute superiority, and there are not many battle command achievements, especially field victories that are evenly matched, and there is no unique tactical application, which is difficult to juxtaposed with ancient famous generals.