If you have lived in Dongguan for a long time, even if you have not been there, you must have heard of Keyuan. It is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong, located in the Bosha Community of Dongguan District, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
However, during the Qing Dynasty, Keyuan was still a private garden, and its owner was Zhang Jingxiu, a Confucian general who "started as a warrior and walked the world with the style of a literati".
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Zhang Jingxiu was a descendant of Zhang Jiugao, the younger brother of the Tang Dynasty chancellor Zhang Jiuling, who was born in the fourth year of Qing Daoguang and a native of Boxia, Dongguan.
The Zhang family has always been known for his poetry and books, and Zhang Jingxiu has heard about it, and initially planned to rely on kaoke to get ahead. However, the trajectory of his life took a major turn at the age of 17.
At that time, Zhang Jingxiu County failed the list, and the Qing Dynasty was repeatedly invaded by the British army. Zhang Jingxiu's second brother Zhang Xiyuan was well-informed, and he realized that only by throwing a pen from Rong could he make a difference, so he donated a tongzhi to Zhang Jingxiu.
After Zhang Jingxiu became an official, he did not hesitate to donate his own private wealth, recruit soldiers to buy equipment, and build a fort in Dongguan. This move not only won him the honorific title of "destroying the family and relieving difficulties", but also made him appreciated by the imperial court.
Twenty-five years after Daoguang, the 22-year-old Zhang Jingxiu left his hometown of Dongguan and went to Guangxi to take up a post. After taking office, Zhang Jingxiu made many military achievements and was promoted to prefect within a few years.
However, Zhang Jingxiu's career was not smooth sailing, and soon after he was promoted to prefect, he experienced the first resignation and return to his hometown for the first time in his life.
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Don't look at Zhang Jing's slender Sven Wen, a scholarly look, but in fact, he is a brave and courageous warrior.
Thieves were rampant in Guangxi, and he advocated sending troops to suppress them without permission, so he resigned and returned to his hometown on the grounds that "his brother died of illness and his mother was ill."
When the Taiping Rebellion broke out, he accepted the Xianfeng Edict and recruited three hundred soldiers to rush to Guangxi to rescue the siege of Xiangzhou.
During the Second Opium War, before his leg wounds healed, he took his eldest son Zhang Zhenlie with him and fought desperately against the British army in Guangzhou.
Shi Dakai entered Guangdong and captured Jiaying Prefecture, where he led his soldiers to set up an ambush and defeat the Taiping Army.
Because of his outstanding military achievements, he was successively promoted to the prefect of Xunzhou, the envoy of Guangxi, and the envoy of Jiangxi.
However, during his tenure as an official, Zhang Jingxiu had the experience of resigning from the official and returning to his hometown three times. In addition to the first time just mentioned, there were two more that occurred in the sixth year of Xianfeng and the eleventh year of Xianfeng, both on the grounds of injury.
Whether it was fighting abroad or resigning from his post and going into hiding, Zhang Jingxiu was happy to settle down in the Mandate of Heaven. Zhang Jingxiu's nephew Zhang Jiamu once commented on him: "After all the time, the tide has stopped, and it is pure nature, and there is no stagnation." ”
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Zhang Jingxiu's life is only a short period of 41 years, and the reason why he can be remembered by future generations is not because of the battle achievements he made, but because he spent more than ten years of painstaking efforts to build the Garden.
Zhang Jingxiu, who was born as a military general, was a literati in his bones, who was proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, gold and stone engraving, and had deep intercourse with the two great painters of Juchao and Julian.
In the thirty years of Daoguang, Zhang Jingxiu, who resigned his official post for the first time and returned to his hometown, spent a huge amount of money to buy land, hired skilled craftsmen, and began to build Keyuan.
After that, as long as Zhang Jingxiu returned to his hometown in Dongguan, he invited the literati Moke Yaji Keyuan, and they were together to promote red, appreciate chrysanthemums, play the piano, chant poems, and paint.
Among the many literati and scholars, Zhang Jingxiu had the deepest relationship with the cousins Juchao and Julian.
"Erju" is the grandmaster of the Lingnan School of painting, among which Juchao does not like to accept disciples, julian has many disciples, and the master of Chinese painting Gao Jianfu came from his disciples.
When Zhang Jingxiu was an official in Guangxi, "Erju" served as his staff. Later, the two of them lived in Keyuan for ten years and concentrated on painting. It was not until Zhang Jingxiu's death that they returned to their hometown.
Today, it has been more than 150 years since Zhang Jingxiu's death, but fortunately, Keyuan is still there.
If you have the opportunity to travel to Dongguan, you must go to Keyuan, which is known for its "small and exquisite design", to take a look and feel the different Lingnan style.
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