Recently, with the coming to power of Japan's new Prime Minister Kishida Fumio, the sovereignty issue of the four northern islands (South Kuril Islands), which has been silent for a long time, has re-emerged, but this time, compared with Japan's assertion of sovereignty, Russia no longer tit-for-tat mouth cannon, but directly conducted missile target drills in the Sea of Japan, using real guns and live ammunition to show a tough attitude toward Japan. The dispute over the four northern islands has a long history, and China, as an important neighbor of Russia and Japan, and the relevant parties to the security situation in Northeast Asia, have taken a crucial attitude on the dispute over the four northern islands.
Compared with Japan's assertion of sovereignty, Russia no longer tit-for-tat mouth cannons, but directly conducted missile target drills in the Sea of Japan.
The four islands of Kunigami, Zega, Tooth Dance, and Sedan in the north between Hokkaido in Japan belong geographically to the Kuril Islands, so Russia calls them the South Kuril Islands.
The four northern islands, namely the four islands of Kunigami, Zega, Tooth Dance and Sedan between russia's Kamchatka Peninsula and Japan's Hokkaido, are geographically part of the Kuril Islands, so Russia calls them the South Kuril Islands, which is the main transportation route between Vladivostok and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Kuril Islands, including the four northern islands, are enclosed together with Sakhalin Island (Sakhalin Island), turning the Sea of Okhotsk into Russia's "quasi-inland sea", which not only ensures Russia's free access to the Pacific Ocean in the Far East, but also resists the enemy outside the island chain of the Kuril Islands, and its military value is self-evident.
The Kuril Islands are the key to linking the Sea of Okhotsk with the Pacific Ocean, while the four northern islands are the key to the Kuril Islands. Image quoted from The Bureau of Earth Knowledge.
The Kuril Islands, including the four northern islands, are enclosed together with Sakhalin Island (Sakhalin Island), turning the Sea of Okhotsk into Russia's "quasi-inland sea".
In short, the Kuril Islands are the key to connecting the Sea of Okhotsk with the Pacific Ocean, and the four northern islands are the key to the Kuril Islands. Therefore, Japan and Russia launched a fierce competition here, and finally after World War II, Japan was defeated, and the Kuril Islands, including the four northern islands, were all in Russia's hands. However, although the Cairo Declaration, the Yalta Agreement, and the Potsdam Proclamation, which laid the foundation for the post-war order, all involved Japan's territorial issues, all three documents contained ambiguity and ambiguity, so that they laid the groundwork for the later Japanese-Russian struggle for the four northern islands.
At the heart of the Cairo Declaration was the deprivation of all the Pacific islands and chinese territory that Japan had seized since the beginning of World War I in 1914.
The Cairo Declaration, issued by China, the United States, and Great Britain and agreed to by Stalin, contained a central statement that deprived Japan of all the Pacific islands it had seized since the beginning of World War I in 1914 and the territory it had stolen from China. However, the Kuril Islands belong to Japan as defined in the Sakhalin Islands-Kuril Islands Exchange Treaty of 1875 and are not within the scope of the cairo declaration, so they do not affect Japan's claims. Then came the Yalta Accords of 1945, which stipulated that the Soviet Union would receive all the rights lost in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904, including South Sakhalin and all the islands adjacent to it, and that all additional rights to the Kuril Islands should be acquired.
The Yalta Accords provided that the Soviet Union would receive all the rights lost in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 and all the additional rights to the Kuril Islands.
Japan believes that the Treaty of Peace between Japan and Russia in 1855 is bounded by the strait between Zera Island and Defu Island, and belongs to the Kuril Islands to the north.
However, Japan believes that the four northern islands do not belong to the neighboring islands of South Sakhalin Island, and according to the "Treaty of Japan-Russia peace and friendship" signed between Japan and Russia in 1855, the strait between Zejiao Island and Defu Island is the boundary, and the north belongs to the Kuril Islands and the south belongs to the northern four islands, so it does not apply to the Yalta Agreement.
The Potsdam Proclamation is a big three: British Prime Minister Attlee, U.S. President Harry Truman, and Soviet General Secretary Stalin.
In the Potsdam Proclamation, "Japan's sovereignty will be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, and other small islands we have decided."
As for the Potsdam Proclamation, "Japan's sovereignty will be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku, and other small islands we have decided," there is considerable uncertainty as to who will decide the so-called "other small islands." This also laid the groundwork for the San Francisco Peace Treaty to Japan in 1951, which resolved the territorial and international status of Japan after World War II. At that time, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union had begun, and Japan had become a bridgehead for the United States to oppose the Soviet Union in the Far East, so the "San Francisco Peace Treaty" stipulated that Japan would renounce all rights to the Kuril Islands and the Sakhalin Part acquired on September 5, 1905, as well as the neighboring islands.
The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was a political, economic, and military struggle between the capitalist camps of the United States and NATO from 1947 to 1991 and the socialist camps of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact
The Treaty of San Francisco stipulates that Japan waives all rights to the Kuril Islands and the sakhalin part acquired on September 5, 1905, as well as to the neighboring islands.
The peace treaty still did not mention whether the four northern islands were part of the Kuril Islands, and because the Soviet Union and Japan had already disputed the ownership of the four northern islands at that time, the Soviet Union refused to sign the peace treaty, and we in China, because China's permanent seat in the United Nations at that time was still in the hands of the national government that had lost and retreated from The island of Taiwan, did not attend, did not sign or recognize the "San Francisco Peace Treaty." The dispute over the four northern islands thus arose.
The 1956 Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration stipulated that after Japan and the Soviet Union signed a peace agreement, the Soviet Union returned the four northern islands of Tooth Dance and Sedan to Japan.
Later, in order to join the United Nations, Japan facilitated a series of negotiations with the Soviet Union on the four northern islands, and finally reached the "Japan-Soviet Joint Declaration" in 1956, stipulating that Japan and the Soviet Union would sign a peace agreement and end the state of war between the two countries, and the Soviet Union would return the two northern islands of Tooth Dance and Sedan to Japan. On December 18 of the same year, Japan joined the United Nations at the 11th session of the United Nations General Assembly. However, Japan later warned Japan that because the "San Francisco Peace Treaty" did not stipulate the ownership of the four northern islands, Japan had no right to sign an agreement to cede the islands of Xuanyu and Kunigo to the Soviet Union.
In the maps published by China and in the geography textbooks of middle schools, why not directly label the four northern islands as the South Kuril Islands, but instead label them "Russian-occupied"?
The "one-vote veto" of the United States frustrated the results of the negotiations between the Soviet Union and Japan, and Japan was in turn required to return the four northern islands as a whole, and this proposal was strictly rejected by the Soviet Union. The dispute over the sovereignty of the four northern islands continues to this day, so why did not the maps published by China and the geography textbooks of middle schools directly label the four northern islands as the South Kuril Islands, but instead use the Japanese name to mark "Russian occupation" in parentheses?
Chinese maps of Japan will be followed by the four islands of Zejiao, Kunigami, Sedan, and Tooth Dance (which became "Russian occupation" after the collapse of the Soviet Union).
In fact, with regard to the dispute between Japan and Russia over the four northern islands, our attitude toward China has been adjusted. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, our dispute over the four northern islands, which signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance," was biased toward the side of Big Brother. However, later, in the 1960s and 1970s, after the Sino-Soviet relations were afloat and china and Japan established diplomatic relations in 1972, they supported Japan's recovery of the four northern islands in the name of supporting the Japanese people's anti-Soviet revisionist and anti-hegemony.
The total population of the Soviet Union by the time of its collapse in 1991 was only 286730817, as shown in the soviet union's population density map
As for the earliest explicit statement, it can be traced back to July 10, 1964, when Chairman Mao met with Sasaki Kenzo, chairman of the Japanese Left Socialist Party Committee who was visiting China, and said: "The Soviet Union occupied too many places. At the Yalta Conference, Outer Mongolia was nominally independent, nominally separated from China, but in fact under Soviet control. The territory of Outer Mongolia is much larger than the area of your Thousand Islands. We once mentioned whether it is okay to return Outer Mongolia to China, and they said no... Some people say that they still want to cross China's Xinjiang and Heilongjiang. They increased their forces at the border. My opinion is not to cross it. The territory of the USSR was already large enough. There are more than 20 million square kilometers, and the population is only 200 million. You have a population of 100 million in Japan, but your area is only 370,000 square kilometers. More than a hundred years ago, the east of Lake Baikal, including Boli, Vladivostok and Kamchatka, was demarcated. That account is not clear. We haven't settled this account with them yet. So your Kuril Islands, for me, are not a problem and should be returned to you. (Quoted from Wikipedia).
In order to resist the common enemy, and in order to win Japan's establishment of diplomatic relations and Japan's support for China's recovery of Taiwan, China has openly supported Japan's recovery of the four northern islands.
In 1972, the U.S. military handed over the Ryukyu Islands to Japan (sovereignty does not belong to Japan), and the Ryukyu people gathered to protest the us military's denial of their right to independence and self-determination.
Since then, China has repeatedly publicly stated its support for Japan's recovery of the four northern islands, and the Protests of the Japanese people in order to regain the four northern islands are often reported on the Chinese radio station. In fact, at that time, China also did this with a large international environmental factor, not only to resist the common enemy, but also to win diplomatic relations with Japan, and Japan's support for China's recovery of Taiwan, so later China published Japanese maps, will add an expanded number "Soviet occupation" (after the collapse of the Soviet Union to become "Russian occupation") after the names of the four northern islands of Xuanjiao, Guohou, Sedan and Tooth Dance.
Sino-Russian relations have been upgraded to a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era. Under the cold winter, China and Russia worked together to tide over the difficulties.
However, now that the international situation has been turned upside down, the Soviet Union has been in the graveyard for thirty years, and China has also become the world's second largest economy, while the old United States, which has occupied the position of the head of the global village for many years, has continued to harvest the world in order to continue to harvest the world, constantly exerting strategic pressure on China and Russia, returning to the Asia-Pacific region, NATO's eastward expansion, and the "Asian version of NATO" formed by the United States, Japan, India and Australia. From the entry into force of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation in 2002 to the extension of the Treaty in 2021, the relations between the two sides have been upgraded to a comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination in the new era. Under the cold winter, China and Russia worked together to tide over the difficulties.
Diaoyu Dao is the main island of Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands in the East China Sea, and has been an inherent territory of China since ancient times.
Since September 10, 2012, China has carried out regular surveillance and monitoring of diaoyu dao and its affiliated islands.
Sino-Japanese relations, on the other hand, have been affected by Japan's expanding ambitions: amending the peace constitution, forcibly lifting the right to self-defense, the 9.7 ship collision incident, and the Dispute over the Diaoyu Dao (Overview of the Diaoyu Dao and its Affiliated Islands: Only the Diaoyu Dao, South Isles, and Huangwei Islands have vegetation cover). The latest statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is: "China has always maintained that the achievements of the victory in the world anti-fascist war should be truly respected and observed." It is hoped that Russia and Japan will properly resolve the problems related to the South Kuril Islands (the four northern islands). This statement does not seem clear, but the sovereign position is firmly on russia's side.
Sino-Japanese relations are due to Japan's inflated ambitions: the revision of the peace constitution, the forcible lifting of the right to self-defense, the collision of ships, the dispute over the Diaoyu Islands and other issues continue to be low.
With this change, it can be seen that China is currently intolerable to Japan's issue of the Diaoyu Islands and its behavior in cooperating with the United States in containing China. Of course, some people will feel that China should maintain the status quo of the controversy, and the clear attitude is not conducive to the balance between Japan and Russia, because whether from the perspective of history or reality, Japan and Russia are the obstacles that China's rejuvenation must pass, but now Japan is a greater threat to China's reality. In fact, although this kind of strategic thinking is good, it is inconsistent with the current international situation, and it is impossible to pass the pass with an ambiguous attitude on the current level of Sino-Russian relations, and the United Russia Anti-US Resistance Conference is the overall situation to be adhered to in the next fifty years.
Of course, some people believe that the four northern islands are the name of Japan, and the Chinese side should unanimously change the name to the South Kuril Islands. In fact, the difference between the four northern islands and Japan and South Korea is the Dokdo (Japanese named Takeshima) dispute, Dokdo because South Korea can produce earlier historical evidence and actual control, so when all public opinion mentions Dokdo (South Korean name) is put aside. After the public statement of the four northern islands in the 1960s and 1970s, it is often the northern four islands /south Kuril islands that constantly change the pre-release order according to the actual situation, simply put, what the interlocutor uses, we also use, are not wrong.
Although the four consecutive interpretations of the "Four Northern Islands and South Kuril Islands" have come to an end, the competition between Japan and Russia for the islands continues.
At this point, the four serial interpretations of the "Four Northern Islands and South Kuril Islands" were officially completed.
Review of the previous issue: Sea of Okhotsk: Russia's "quasi-inland sea" for its refusal to return japan's four northern islands
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