Sixty years ago, a group of "big men" were imprisoned in the Gongdelin, the most of whom also held the rank of general.
Without exception, this group of people are all war criminals from the national army, and they are calling for wind and rain in their respective jurisdictions on weekdays, and this "gathering together" is also an unprecedented "liveliness".
This war criminals management center has always been commonly known as Gongdelin because it is located on Gongdelin Road outside deshengmen in Xicheng District, Beijing.
After the peaceful liberation of Peiping in 1949, until March 1960, more than 100 senior Kuomintang generals were escorted here one after another in this decade, which can be described as "gathering stars" for a time.
So, does Gong Delin still exist today?
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="6" > the historic Gongdelin, a large prison that has been going to many dynasties</h1>
Originally a temple outside the Desheng Gate in Beijing, more than 100 years ago, during the Guangxu Period of the Qing Dynasty, Shanxi Governor Shangshu's imperial court requested that criminal training centers be set up in various provinces so that these criminals could exert some of their residual heat.
The Guangxu Emperor approved the request and prepared to first organize the Beijing Campaign, which was still known as the Jingshi at the time, and named it the Jingshi Learning Institute.
Therefore, in July 1905, with the efforts of all parties, the location of Gong Delin was quickly selected and the Beijing Normal School of Art was established.
In fact, the Jingshi Art Institute should be called China's first place of labor reform.
So far, Gongdelin has been used by the governments of various periods.
As the Inspector of Shanxi said, the original intention of founding this art center was to take prisoners in and urge them to reform themselves and let them learn their skills.
On the one hand, it is to order them to undergo labor reform, and on the other hand, it is also to allow them to have a skill after going out. This can be said to be the predecessor of Gong Delin, but the criminals imprisoned at that time did not have the "scenery" of these big figures later.
In October 1913, the Beiyang government re-carried out the reform work on the basis of the original, and changed the Jingshi Learning Art Institute into Wanping Prison, which was renamed the Second Beijing Normal Prison the following year.
At first, it was Liang Qichao who served as the chief justice of the Republic of China, but after the Beiyang warlords came to power and various political disputes continued to emerge, the chief justice was replaced, and Gong Delin also ushered in a new transformation.
The new chief justice, Luo Wengan, and others have completely transformed the japanese prison according to the pattern of the Japanese prison.
The reformed prison imprisoned many progressive people, and Mr. Li Dazhao, one of the founders of our Party, was imprisoned here by the enemy and then ruthlessly killed.
After the fall of the Beiyang government, the Nationalist government still used this prison and renamed it Hebei No. 2 Prison.
At that time, the confrontation between the Nationalist government and our Party was very serious, and the Nationalist government used this prison to detain many people of our Party and imprisoned them here in the name of political prisoners, and later this prison held seven or eight hundred people at its peak.
When the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out in 1937 and the Japanese invaders occupied Peiping, the Nationalist army was ready to withdraw completely from it, and the Hebei Second Prison at that time naturally had to be abandoned by them.
Premier Zhou received information at that time that the Nationalist government was ready to dispose of all the prisoners held there before withdrawing from Peiping.
At that time, there were dozens of members of our Party among these prisoners, as well as many advanced revolutionary workers.
Therefore, our Party organized forces to prepare to rescue these comrades, lest they be poisoned by the Kuomintang.
The final plan was made late one night, and after careful arrangement, the Pingxi guerrillas suddenly launched an attack.
At that time, the Kuomintang had no intention of properly managing this prison, which no longer meant much to them, and the rescue operation was successfully completed, and all the detainees were rescued.
The Incident shocked the Kuomintang, and since then they have arrested the people involved and detained them in another place, Caolanzi Prison.
After the founding of New China, the newly established Ministry of Public Security took over this prison that had left the blood of countless revolutionary ancestors, and by chance, it became a place where the group of handmaidens were held at that time.
The Central Committee's decision to detain these important political prisoners here has caused a lot of bad influence on our Party, and they have served the National Government for a long time and have even directly participated in many major policy decisions, so it is more difficult to reform.
Moreover, most of them, unconvinced by the defeat of the National Army, did not want to bow their heads before the Party at all.
In order to reverse this erroneous thinking, it gave birth to Gong delin, a place where they were imprisoned, and concentrated on their ideological reform.
In the mid-1950s, the central government decided to adopt the principle of no trial, no judgment, and no discrimination against these war criminals, and imprisoned a large number of senior Kuomintang generals here, most of whom are familiar with their names.
Such as Wang Lingji, commander of the Seventh Appeasement District with the highest rank, Wang Yaowu, a member of the Central Executive Committee and commander of the Second Appeasement District, liao Yaoxiang, commander of the Kuomintang Ninth Corps, and so on.
In fact, some prisoners of war had already been imprisoned here, such as Du Yuming, the former deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army Xuzhou Commander-in-Chief and the "famous" first-class war criminal.
After these people were imprisoned here, Du Yuming also moved out of the single room and lived in a collective dormitory.
Du Yuming saw his colleagues again, but it was in this embarrassing place, which made him think a lot.
Before each of them called the wind and rain in their respective jurisdictions, they did not have the opportunity to see each other, and they did not expect that now everyone is "gathered together".
After these war criminals were transferred to Gongdelin, many generals who had rebelled early came here to talk to them about the great changes that had taken place outside, and many people's thinking was gradually changing.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="41" > national generals are worried and remodeling their lives</h1>
These national generals themselves were more or less unruly people, but after becoming prisoners, they also had to restrain their temper.
Once, when Wang Yaowu was fetching water, he met Wen Qiang, who had just been captured, and he asked Wen Qiang what he had said to the Communist Party on the radio after he was captured, and he did not know how the Nanjing government reacted.
At that time, after Jinan was liberated, Wang Yaowu made a public speech on the radio station, exhorting the Nationalist army to surrender as soon as possible and give up resistance at an early date.
Although he had been captured, he was still trembling about the view of the Nanjing government.
Wen Qiang told him truthfully that Chiang Kai-shek was so angry that he directly smashed the radio after listening to the broadcast, and scolded him that he was a soft bone.
Wang Yaowu was so frightened that when he heard this, the barrels were thrown into the well, and for a long time he was terrified.
Wen Qiang's performance was different from others.
When the People's Liberation Army conquered Nanjing, their teaching group organized an event and prepared to present a poem to congratulate them, but Wen Qiang wrote a poem: "Poor jade lion is here, and the moon in front of the state government is unknown." " poems.
After his poem was posted on the wall, he was seen by Wang Yaowu, who was so frightened that he quickly persuaded him to find an opportunity to tear up the poem, otherwise it would not be easy to be seen by the communist army.
Wen Qiang sneered at this, saying that he would see what the communist army could do with him, and even if he was ready to dedicate himself to his national government, the poem was posted on the wall for more than ten days and no one paid attention to it.
Wang Yaowu can be said to have made a lot of jokes in Gongdelin, when the prison was preparing winter cotton clothes, these prisoners went to carry cotton clothes for labor reform.
After Wang Yaowu finished his work, he happened to be anxious to find a place to pee, and as a result, everyone began to go outside the warehouse, and the custodian did not see Wang Yaowu, nor did he directly lock the door without much thought.
Wang Yaowu quickly ran back after solving his problem, and as a result, there was no one there, and the warehouse door was locked, which scared him a lot.
Counting the number of people found that Wang Yaowu was missing, when he came back to open the door, he found him standing motionless behind the door, his face as earthy as black as a cold sweat.
That night, Wen Qiang asked him what was going on, how he saw his ghostly appearance as soon as he opened the door, and whether he was still in the warehouse.
Wang Yaowu said that he was not afraid of ghosts, that he was afraid that the Communist Party would not trust him, so he locked him in a warehouse to test him, which was really extremely careful.
When Wang Yaowu joked with Qiu Xingxiang before, he said that he was not Zhuge Liang, and he admired Guan Yunchang.
Originally, everyone did not pay attention to it, but Wang Yaowu seriously found Qiu Xingxiang the next day, told him that he absolutely could not worship Guan Yunchang, and said it several times in a row.
Looking at the other party's surprised face, Wang Yaowu told him that Guan Yun was in Cao Ying's heart in Han, but he was definitely not such a person, and he was in Gong Delin's heart to our party, and there was absolutely no different heart.
In addition to Wang Yaowu doing such a ridiculous thing, after the others entered the Gongdelin, the lives of the worlds and the earth also made them have many anecdotes.
For example, Fan Jiehan was holding a bundle of books on advanced mathematics in the Gongdelin to do problems every day, Qiu Xingxiang asked him why he had nothing to do, he said that he would have to rely on this to eat when he went out in the future, and he would go to the university to teach mathematics classes.
Similar to him was Liao Yaoxiang, who studied Marxism vigorously in Gongdelin and even recited the Critique of the Gotha Program in its entirety.
Huang Wei, who was imprisoned in Gongdelin, bought a copy of "How Steel is Made", he did not know whether he had seen it, but one day he had hemorrhoids and did not have toilet paper in his hands, and under the unbearable pain, he tore a few pages of steel and took it to wipe his ass, and after being discovered by others, he also triggered a big criticism.
The national general Shen's drunken wife, nicknamed Xue Xue, was very affectionate in the Gongdelin Forest, and even listened to the songs of the white-haired woman's favorite sentence: "The north wind blows, the snowflakes flutter." "Just because there's a snow word in it."
At this time, however, his wife mistakenly believed that he had long since passed away and remarried to someone else outside of Gong de Lin.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="68" > completed its mission and withdrew from the stage, and "Gongdelin" became Qincheng Prison</h1>
After victory in the Liberation War, Gong Delin changed his jurisdiction unit again, and was taken over by the Military Justice Department of the North China Military Region and the Interrogation Section of the North China Social Department. The prisoners held at this time, except for a small number of high-ranking war criminals, were mainly divided into two parts.
The prison cells in the eastern district are all prisoners arrested by the Military Justice Department of the North China Military Region; in the western district, prisoners under the supervision of the interrogation section are separately managed.
At this time, the prison had fallen into disrepair, decades of wind and rain, so that it could collapse at any time, and because there was no winding ground, interrogation room, or even decent toilet, it was no longer suitable for prisoners.
In 1955, it was planned to rebuild a prison in Xiaotangshan, in the eastern foothills of Yanshan Mountain in northern Beijing;
In 1960, the new prison in Qincheng Village, Xingshou Town, near Xiaotangshan Town, Changping District, Beijing, was completed and was called "Qincheng Prison" because of the place name, and Gongdelin Prison officially bid farewell to the historical stage and replaced it with Qincheng Prison to take over its mission.
The layout of Qincheng Prison is more reasonable, and the facilities are more suitable for holding prisoners.
The starting point of the prison design is to draw the line between revolutionary humanitarian ideas and the feudalism and bourgeoisie before it, where the prisoner is first and foremost a "person", whose most basic medical and health conditions will be met, as well as the environment for daily wind and exercise.
After the completion of the Qincheng Prison, at the beginning it was still Japanese prisoners, puppet Manchus and Kuomintang war criminals, and the standard for "staying" here was still at least above the major general.
In August 1986, according to the urban construction plan, the "Gongdelin" prison in Beijing was demolished, and the Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau accepted the jurisdiction and became the station of the Public Security Corps.
The original "Gongdelin" road has also become a new Kang Road.
On the basis of prisons, civil affairs rescue stations have been set up here to help people in need.
Nowadays, the only thing related to Gongdelin is probably a few communities called "Gongdelin" around.
In August 2000, experts felt that Qincheng Prison could no longer meet the needs of modernization, so they began to build Yancheng Prison in Yanjiao Town, Sanhe City, Hebei Province.
In 2009, the first phase of the Yancheng Prison project was completed, and some foreign prisoners who endangered national security began to be gradually detained.
With the use of Yancheng Prison, Qincheng Prison will gradually dilute its original role and change to detention center use.
Ideological reform has achieved good results, and the glory of socialism shines During the period when these war criminals were in Gongdelin, many people have fundamentally changed.
The purpose of this transformation work is to make these national generals who have been subdued on the battlefield completely impressed in spirit and soul.
The significance of reforming war criminals is quite significant, these ideological diehards have been given a chance to become new people, and seeing that their attitudes have changed, many people with ulterior motives have begun to quietly change their positions.
From the time they were imprisoned in Gongdelin to the end of going out as ordinary citizens of New China, it was a process of rebirth for these war criminals.
On March 17, 1975, the last 293 war criminals who had served their sentences in Gongdelin Prison and were transferred to Qincheng were all released, and "Gongdelin" also withdrew from the stage of history.
After they went out, they no longer had any idea of making a comeback, and their defeat on the battlefield made them realize that our party's army was invincible, and the ideological transformation during this period made them realize that only when our party led the people could China develop better.
Later, based on the real events that occurred in Gongdelin, a long-form documentary literature "The General's Decisive Battle Is Not Stopped on the Battlefield" was published, and the events that happened in these days were made public for the first time.
It caused a stir at home and abroad, on the one hand, to submit to the generosity of our Party, and on the other hand to recognize this socialist humanitarian practice.
Although Gongdelin Prison has been demolished, for many people, the three words Gongdelin are expected to become their unforgettable memories.
This victory on the battlefield of ideas will not be buried by history because the prison is demolished, but is destined to be written into the annals of history.