"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 211
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > Xu Wei is a madman, committing suicide nine times, and putting people out of a pot of porridge, it is hard to blame! </h1>
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Xu Wei (12 March 1521 – 1593) was an Ethnic Han Chinese from Shanyin, Shaoxing Province (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The first character was Wenqing, and later changed to Wenchang, the number Qingteng Old Man, Qingteng Daoist, Tianchi Sheng, Tianchi Shanren, Tianchi Yuyin, Jin Lei, Jinhuishanren, Shanyin Buyi, Baijishanren, Goose-nosed Shannon, Tian Danshui, Tian Shuiyue
Xu Wei was an immortal artistic genius. However, he made a mess of his life.
What happened to him in his childhood had nothing to do with him. Just as a person enters the world, can he decide for himself? Passively coming into the world, passively accepting the love and hatred imposed on him by others. Human beings can only be responsible for a conscious, thoughtful and independent life.
Xu Wei was born into a large family that was in decline. His father, Xu Yi, was the governor of Sichuan Province. Xu Yan had two marriages, the first of which was his original wife, Tong Shi, who gave birth to two sons, Xu Huai and Xu Lu; he married Miao Shi without a queen; Xu Wei was a concubine born to his father in his later years, and was raised by his mother Lady Miao. Just 100 days after Xu Wei was born, his father Xu Yan died and died. When he was ten years old, his birth mother was expelled from the miao family; at the age of fourteen, Lady Miao died again, and Xu Wei lived with his eldest brother Xu Huai. He and his eldest brother are more than thirty years apart, where is this brotherhood, it is clearly a generational relationship, where is such a relationship? Why enjoy?
His childhood set the stage for his later character formation.
Xu Wei lacked the love of his father and mother at an early age, and it was inevitable that he would have an unfair heart and a sense of sending people under the fence. When he became an adult, he was "fat and white, and his voice was as loud as a crane", and his handsomeness was also a mess. Deep in his heart, he is extremely complicated, he can't let go of the other eye of his family, he doesn't have any opinion and right to speak in family interests, and he has no other way but to use art to declare. At most, I can use the night to whistle and vent my indignation. He couldn't stay in this home anyway. At the age of twenty-one, he was determined to become rich. In China, there is no way to get into the money and it is a shameful thing for men. The mark is: abandoning his parents and abandoning his ancestors; from then on, the Xu family has nothing to do with him. Although the Pan clan of Shaoxing was a wealthy household, his father-in-law Pan Kejing had no ambitions in his life, and only did the canonical history in Yangjiang, Guangdong, and the canonical history of the Ming Dynasty was a shogunate.
Xu Wei was very unhappy on the road of the imperial examination and suffered repeated setbacks. At the age of twenty, he passed the Xiucai examination. By the time Xu Wei was forty-one years old, he had been in eight examinations and had never been related to anyone. When he was twenty-six years old, his wife Pan Shi died of illness and early death, and since then, the Pan family's dependence has also been broken. He had no choice but to open a "one branch hall" to make a living for his children. He did a good job of picking up his expelled mother. This was a great event at the time, and although he was a biological mother, he was already hanging in the name of his mother-in-law. If a concubine is expelled, there will be a great mistake, and there will be no marriage between a man and a woman. Others say it was the family that went bankrupt and was deported. Therefore, the mother at this time has nothing to do with Xu Wei. In the Ming Dynasty, where the feudal etiquette law was greater than the heavens, it was not as simple as secular prejudice, that is, Xu Wei dared to do it.
Xu Wei, who was not confused in his youth, was appreciated by Hu Zongxian, who supervised Zhejiang, and served as an aide. Xu Wei, who has been wandering at the bottom of society for a long time, once he has achieved his goal, his face is different. He often drank outside with his friends, and when there was a military incident in the Governor's Palace, he did not see his shadow, and he was often drunk and shouted, and there was no one around. Once, while drinking in a restaurant, there were sergeants downstairs who were drunk and unethical, Xu Wei secretly wrote a short letter to hu Zongxian, and Hu Zongxian immediately ordered several people to be tied up in the yamen and beheaded together.
Even more excessively, when Xu Wei was serving as Hu Zongxian's staff, he traveled to a certain temple in Hangzhou, he thought that the monks of the temple did not give him courtesy, Xu Wei remembered the hatred in his heart, and actually went to the singer's house, stole one of her sleeping shoes, and then told Hu Zongxian that this shoe came from the monk's house of a certain temple. Hu Zongxian was furious and ordered the monks of the temple to be arrested and beheaded. It can be seen that Xu Wei, who did not accumulate yin virtue and only cared about his own selfishness, actually did such a dirty and unseemly thing, which was not in line with the great name he would enjoy in the future. Xu Wei has a "Song of the Day", a poem cloud:
The Ryukyu sabre shines on the water, and does not grind embroidery purple for three years.
The exchange of money is suspended in the city, and I am expensive and uninhabited.
Only this knife is quite straight money, and easy money must not be sad to die.
The guest asked about the geometry of this knife value, Guangzhou Wuge fei light rain.
And now the market is not contested, but the loss of three ge money is also stopped.
A thousand people ignored the knife and folded their toes.
If you don't eat for one day, what will happen if you don't eat for two days?
But he went to a different county to tell the governor, and in the past he stopped to tell his confidant.
Ordinary life has its own Meng taste heart, today turn to the door corporal.
Four or five years after such a good life, in the forty-first year of Jiajing, Hu Zongxian was arrested and sent to Beijing because he was implicated by Yan Song, and Xu Wei left the governor's palace. In the forty-fourth year of Jiajing, Hu Zongxian was arrested and imprisoned again, and his staff was implicated. Xu Wei was very worried about his persecution, and finally got sick, heart disease, mental illness. He wrote a "Self-Made Epitaph" for himself, and the words were indignant, and then he pulled the iron nails on the pilasters and struck them into his ears, penetrated and came out, bleeding like a burst, and healed for several months before pulling him back from the ghost door. Who knew that he hit the kidney sac with his vertebrae and hit his head with an axe, but he didn't die. He suffered repeated attacks of heart disease and committed suicide nine times.
Xu Wei came home from outside during another frenzied attack and seemed to hear laughter in the room. He squinted through the window and seemed to see a handsome monk in his twenties holding his wife in his lap and playing. Xu Wei took a knife and entered the room, trying to kill the monk, but disappeared. So, when questioning his wife, the wife was inexplicably asked. Ten days later, it was found that the monk and his wife seemed to be sleeping together. Xu Wei shouted loudly and took the lamp and stabbed his wife to death. He was imprisoned and served seven years in prison, only to be released when Zhu Yijun, the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne and granted amnesty to the world. He wrote in the poem "The Tomb of the Proposed Hanging Su":
A small Su is Ye fei,
Embroidered cheeks rotten dance dress.
Since ancient times, it is difficult to get good people again,
From now on, the wings will strike and fly.
The side of the grass is shallow,
Panasonic concentric knots are thin.
Hate is not as crazy as Da Nguyen,
Owe will a weeping soldier boudoir.
After Xu Wei was released from prison, he suddenly realized when he was awake that the handsome monk was the Hangzhou monk he had previously designed to murder. It turned out that he knew that because of the speed of the villain for a while, the demons in his heart had been buried, and this killing of his wife and sitting in prison was the retribution he deserved. After suddenly realizing this, Xu Wei gave himself the "Narrative Dream Poem" to blame himself for remembering his wife, and from then on until his death, he never married his wife again. He had three marriages in his life, but none of them were good. Poetry Cloud:
Berau began to open,
The swallows could not stay.
Come in this night's dream,
It seems that he did not fly away in the first place.
Pity Xiong,
Scoff,
Two meanings fall into the smoke,
Tears fell from the door.
After Xu Wei was imprisoned, friends reached out to help, and The Attendant of the Ceremonial Department, Zhu Dashou, and Hanlin edited Zhang Yuanchen (Zhang Dai's great-grandfather), who were Xu Wei's closest friends, and they were all from the Yuan, quite prestigious. With their rescue, Xu Wei was able to survive the pardon.
When Xu Wei was sixty years old, Zhang Yuanchen saw that he was actually in trouble, so he recruited him to Beijing. However, soon Xu Wei thought that Zhang Yuanchen had bound him, and turned his face to Zhang Yuanchen. He said to Zhang Yuanchen, "Even if I kill someone, I am just a knife in the neck, and your current restraint on me is to chop me into minced meat!" He had no idea that the head of Xiang Shang had been saved, and that Zhang Yuan's merits had been made. This time with his old friend, coupled with interpersonal interactions, he believes that he has been treated unequally, so that the old disease recurred, and he returned to San'in after three years in Beijing.
It was not until zhang yuanchen died that Xu Wei mourned the Zhang family, caressed the coffin and wept, presumably remembering the friendship of old friends. Although it is true that there is illness, the forgiveness and tolerance of others cannot be taken as a reason for self-respect.
In his later years, Xu Wei often "wandered alone under the moon with hunger", and when someone came to visit, Xu Wei pushed the chai door and shouted: "Xu Wei is not there!" Therefore, the poorer and sicker he became, and his paintings and calligraphy were old, or deceived or robbed by his disciples. Thousands of volumes of books were also sold out by himself to solve the urgent need for cooking. But he grew more arrogant and refused to bow his head and beg for food. When you have money, you will drink and drink, and you will be a wandering skeleton. Sometimes he even destroyed his face with a knife and an axe, and his mental illness became more and more serious.
Xu Wei's works include "Xu Wenchang Collection", "Xu Wenchang Three Collections", "Lu Shi Di Interpretation", "Xu WenchangYi Manuscript", "Southern Word Narrative" and miscellaneous drama "Four Voice Apes", miscellaneous drama "Gedai Xiao", novel "Yunhe Qizhong" (i.e. "Biography of Heroic Martyrs").
Xu Wei's past experience has made him form a certain personality paranoia, when he wins, he does not hesitate to show his villainous face, reflected in his literary and artistic creations, that is, he never leans on others, likes to be original, he is involved in a wide range of fields, but he has a strong personality. From poetry creation, to novels and miscellaneous dramas, this is no different.
Xu Wei's splashed ink freehand paintings of flowers and birds are unique and self-contained. Ink freehand painting in the Ming Dynasty developed rapidly, and splashed ink freehand painting represented by Xu Wei was very popular. With his unique talent, Xu Wei became the most accomplished freehand painting master at that time. His ink grapes, bunches of fruits hanging upside down branches, fresh and tender, vivid image, lush leaves with large pieces of ink dots, style sparse, do not seek shape, layered, virtual reality, ink dripping, in one go, ink like clouds, imposing, vivid, representing Xu Wei's style of large-scale freehand flowers. He is not a general depiction of objects, but after the processing of art, it contains an inherent temperament and spirit, which resonates with the viewer and feels like an immersive feeling. He wrote in the poem "The Grapes":
Go to the winter snow to make a disaster, nothing will freeze to death.
Orange grapefruit breaks Quzhou, and pine cypress is also paralysis.
The garden has moon branches and vines, which are bent for four or five minutes.
There is not much hardness and bitterness, but there is more than enough to do.
When it fell, Marujiu hung up the water.
Ten rods a day, fighting with birds.
It will feed on its neighbors and steal fears slightly.
If you want to pay for the fruit factory, it is less than one meal.
The bottle of shadows bursts, and the pulp collapses to its crispness.
Thirsty night hard tea soup, temporarily can be filled with lungs.
For example, the old beard should be withered.
And even more, the zombie suddenly broke.
Like a man with two hands and feet, and a fist with one arm.
The branches are both lonely and can be multiplied.
Summer scenery bitter mulberry elm, chatting with obstacles to the west fall.
Xu Wei's calligraphy was magnificent, breaking through the dull book world of the Ming Dynasty. It opened and led the "Shang state" book style of the late Ming Dynasty. His calligraphy proceeded from the rebellion of the Tang Dynasty, drawing on the positive elements of the Song people, "revealing his own penmanship from time to time", and it can be said that Xu Wei destroyed the brushwork. Xu Wei said in the "Facsimile Of the Book Jiziwei Collection of The Lanting Pavilion": "Non-special characters, there are things in the world, where the imitation is directly sent to the ear, the baht and the comparison, the inch is closed, is it true that I am the face?" There are many copies of "Lan Ting", but those who have always revealed their intentions are called masters. Although you cannot necessarily know who he is, he will not be able to see his intentions, and he will be a master. Youmeng is like Sun Shu'ao, is it not similar to his bearded torso? It is also just a matter of taking its own intentions. ”
Lu Xiuhui has a "Song of Xu Qingteng", a poem cloud:
Born like a ditch,
100 days of pity.
The ten-year-old mother was expelled,
Dependent on the eldest brother.
Teenagers by is how tortuous,
Hatred collapses from the bottom of the heart.
Adults recruit sons-in-law into the Pan gate,
At that time, San'in Castle,
This is only one person.
Poetry is like a shadow,
Calligraphy and painting are unique.
Shao Guang is partial and does not wait for his wife,
The family's wealth is lost and decaying.
Twenty meritorious names eight folds,
In his lifetime, he failed to climb the Dragon Gate.
Master Shaoxing drifted zero guests,
Generalists are thriving.
Its talent is not for sale,
Its talent is still crazy.
Iron nails through the brain life and death covenant,
The axe is bitter to the wife.
Life has gone through many dangerous roads,
Jail time met with straight rope.
Get rid of poverty and self-imposed,
How can there be great talent in the end?
Ben is the basil and return to the night,
Poverty and illness are combined with weak prosperity.
The achievement of poetry, calligraphy and painting is a strange sorcerer,
I have tossed and turned all my life.