Chongyang has arrived, and people may ascend to the autumn on this weekend, or follow the example of the ancients to drink chrysanthemum wine and eat chrysanthemum cake. In the past, Taoran Pavilion was a good place to ascend to the heights of the capital, especially loved by literati and inkers, and often gathered here. The name "Tao Ran" is taken from Bai Juyi's poem, which also refers to the Tao Ran pleasure of Chongyang ascending to drink. So, what is the meaning of the name Taoranting? Which literati have talked about learning here? What would the ancients do when they gathered at the High Age?
<h4>Author: Li Lanfang</h4>
<h5>Taoran Pavilion</h5>
<h4>"Tao Ran" is derived from Bai Juyi's poems</h4>
<h4>More to wait for the Ju Huang family to be ripe Gongjun is drunk and enlightened</h4>
There are many cultural attractions in Beijing, and many people may not know that there is still a unique landscape of "Taoran Pavilion" in the south of the city, let alone the cultural origin behind it. Taoran Pavilion is now located at the highest point in the northwest of the central island of Taoranting Park, and is not actually a real pavilion, but a slightly longer open house in the north-south direction. Nowadays, the fence under the Xuanxia is locked, and the gate is deeply closed, and it is not allowed to look closely, let alone climb high and overlook. Detouring to the north, you can see the three words "Taoran Pavilion" inscribed by Guo Moruo, and on both sides are the Qianlong Dynasty Shuo Confucian Weng Fang Gang's writing of the Yang Lian "No one has arrived at the Yanlong Ancient Temple, and the tree leans on the deep hall for a month."
<h5>In the Qing Dynasty, Cheng Tiansu painted the "Jiangting Summer Elimination Map" (fan surface).</h5>
In the thirty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1695), when JiangZao, a servant of the Ministry of Works, supervised the construction of pottery bricks and tiles here, he cleverly borrowed Bai Juyi's sentence "More to be cooked by ju huang jia, and the common king is drunk and taoran", and the inscription "Tao Ran" became the current name, which is also known as "Jiang Ting". His "TaoRan Yin" is still contained in the stone carvings of the taoran pavilion today:
"There is a compassion nunnery in the south corner of the capital, which is located in the south factory. Kangxi Yihai, Yu with the Ministry of Works Lang official to supervise the factory affairs, yu Qinghui, climb to the view, get to its land, the nunnery does not count, the statue of the great master, the west of the face has a pond, a lot of water and grass, extremely quiet, without a little dust, trance in the mountains and streams swamps, sitting and enjoying, always going to swim, because the construction of Xiaoxuan is in the west of the temple. Occasionally recall that Bai Lotte has the sentence 'one drunk and one tao'. Although Yu did not drink alcohol, he came here from the dust of the Nine Qu, and he was also intoxicated, so he knew Tao Ran. It's poetry. ”
The so-called "chrysanthemum yellow family ripe" in Bai Juyi's poem refers to the drinking of chrysanthemum wine on the Chongyang Festival. When Bai Juyi composed this poem, he was nearly ancient and still drank with Liu Yuxi, which can be described as fast and self-satisfied. Shi Yun: "When you are young, you are not worried about your livelihood, who can save wine money when you are old?" A total of ten thousand were sold for a bucket, and seventy years were owed. Idle Zheng Ya Ling poor scripture history, drunk to hear the Qing Yin Sheng orchestra. More to wait for the Juhuang family to ripen, Gongjun is drunk and tao. At this time, the two old men were already very drunk, and they returned to the truth like Mengfuzi, who "stayed until the day of the heavy sun, and returned to the chrysanthemum". Placed in the high pavilion, sideways west, summer has a distant mountain dripping cui, willow piles of smoke, under the pavilion "West Lake" green ants floating, stay until the heavy nine jia autumn, the pavilion under the water is already JuanJuan white dew. When the evening wind blows, it is enough to wipe away the dust of three lives without a bottle of chrysanthemum wine, "one drunk and one tao".
Carefully pondering the word "Taoran", it has a Northern Song Dynasty Sumen flavor. The naming method of "Taoran Pavilion" is very similar to that of "Chaoran Tai" and "Kuaizai Pavilion" in Shandong Zhucheng, and they are all three prisms of aesthetic attitudes towards life. "A little bit of grandeur, a thousand miles of fast wind" is Su Shi who lived in Huangzhou when he was open-minded, "give those who are not happy, cover the outside of things" is the Kuangda who was bitter and happy when he moved to Mizhou, Shandong, "more to wait for the Juhuang family to be ripe, and the Gongjun is drunk and taoran" is the sudden awakening of Bai Juyi and Wang Zao to get rid of the shackles of mundane affairs when they "even open the eyes of the sky and look at the red dust". Su Shi has always admired Bai Juyi, and the name "Taoran" comes from White Poetry, and it is also secretly in the flavor of Sumen, which can be described as both.
From the Kangxi Dynasty to modern times, Jiangting has not only become an ideal garden for countless literati and inkers to "idlely enlist in yaling poor scripture history, drunkenly listening to the qing yin sheng orchestra", but also witnessed the rise and fall of the beijing master for more than three hundred years.
<h4>Most of the celebrities in the capital of the Qing Dynasty set foot here in the Autumn Elegant Collection</h4>
<h4>Chongyang Ascended to Drink and Eat Crabs Ji Xiaolan once wrote a poem recalling the grand scene</h4>
During the Yongzheng period (1723-1735), Taoran Pavilion was already the place where the "LaoxiangHui" was held after the jiangsu and Zhejiang scholars' meeting, and because of the high and open terrain, it became the chosen place for the Chinese shi chongyang to ascend to the top and step on the Qiu Ya set. After Jiangzao, Wang Qishu of the Qianlong Dynasty also became acquainted with Jiang Ting because of his position in the Ministry of Works. According to his "Records of The Water Cao Qing Hui", "the black kiln factory borders the Taoran Pavilion, and all the people ascend to the top and swim to the Yan". In the nineteenth year of Qianlong (1754), during the Chongyang Festival, the university scholar Ji Yun (Ji Xiaolan) once climbed the Taoran Pavilion, drank and ate crabs with his friends to enjoy the autumn, and thirty years later he also wrote a poem recalling this scene: "Holding green wine on the left and holding a claw on the right, it is really an old-fashioned mantle." Remember the Red Chrysanthemum Festival, and the Taoran Pavilion was ascended. (Ji Wenda Gong's Testament, vol. 12) At that time, in the Jiangting Nine Days Elegant Collection, most of the scribes "indulged in drunkenness and became crazy guests, and sold their worries and friends (pressed, referring to brothers)", ascending to the heights to appreciate the autumn, thinking of relatives and cherishing the distance.
The advent of the golden age of Jiangting Yaji was an academic "friendship" event held here on June 11, 1777, the forty-second year of Qianlong ( 1777 ). At that time, he served as the Jingshi Xuezheng (学政, full name "Ti dou Xuezheng"), the local cultural and educational administrator of the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Yun, who was in charge of the Middle School in Beijing, gathered a group of sinologists who were flooded with the Shi Baijia to edit the Four Libraries, and for a time the learning style was blazing. Wang Chang, who was then the deputy envoy of the Department of Communications and Political Affairs, had a friendship with him in the same year and was also invited. In this collection, both Zhu and Wang have poems passed down. Zhu Yunqiang composed five ancient and one hundred sentences, but it was not as free as Wang Chang's rather thoughtful little work "Inviting Zhu Jun to Edit the Taoran Pavilion Small Collection", and the first half of the poem "took advantage of the time to be familiar with friends, and sought to be high." The pavilion is far away, and the water is thin and clear. The road pass is only allowed to ride, and the car is slightly low like a carcass. Back to the pond through the grass, dead trees listen to the grasshoppers. Cyan yu ling thousands of feet, Cang Lan ying four times. The shawl is cooler and cooler, mixed with histto. Xun Mei Nan Du Yan, both pushed Bei Di Hao (zhu jun). Although this poem is short, it brilliantly records the grand event of "talking and laughing with Hongru, and there is no white ding". Wang Chang's son Wang Zhaojia also carved this poem into stone with a lishu, which is now re-embedded in the stone wall north of Taoran Pavilion. Later, the stone carvings were destroyed in two pieces, and half of the stele was preserved in the backyard of the park management office, and the other half was not known.
For this group of Kochi, the most meaningful thing about this academic feast is the practice of scriptures. They feasted on poetry, tasted calligraphy and paintings, talked about Xu Shen and Zheng Xuan, and debated the Six Classics; they also admired the former sages, paid tribute, and pinned their hopes on the six post-scholars of the Daoist art. Later, this group of "Tan Yi Daogu" people also made great achievements, Qian Daxin's nephew Qian Tu became a famous scribe and calligrapher, Hu Liang was proficient in medicine and good at poetry and painting, and Xu Shusheng, one of the "Seven Sons of Biling", also became a generation of masters of painting chrysanthemums.
<h4>"Jiangting Yaji" sends the thoughts of the home country</h4>
<h4>During the Daoguang years, Taoran Pavilion "spring zen" and "summer" became a common practice</h4>
During the Daoguang period (1821-1850), the Qing Dynasty's guangqu canals were open, and the transportation was more convenient, and Taoranting once again witnessed several important collections of celebrities in the Beijing Division, and even formed a relatively stable and ten-year-long (1828-1838) "Jiangting Yaji Circle". This circle centered on Xu Baoshan, the editor of the Hanlin Academy, and Huang Juezi, the minister of the Jing Dynasty, and surrounded them were Mei Zengliang, Guan Tong, Pan Deyu, Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan, Tang Peng, Ma Yuan, and other literati who opened their eyes to the world. At this time, they no longer gathered to take learning as the highest, and the center of gravity of Yaji had moved from Taige to Sai Mo, from academia to entertainment, which can be described as "the sound of the subjugation of the country mourning and thinking".
In the thirteenth year of Daoguang (1832), in Chongyang, Huang Juezi and Xu Baoshan still presided over an elegant gathering in Jiangting. The Qing court accumulated shortcomings, internal and external troubles were unprecedentedly serious in the dynasty, and on the occasion of this eventful autumn, the anxiety of this group of feudal officials filled the entire banquet. In this collection, Huang Juezi has a poem "Chaotic clouds are easy to obstruct the Western Mountain Day, and it is difficult to dispel the sorrows of the North Sea" ("The Nine Days of the Heavy Nine Days of The Emperor Drinking the River Pavilion"), and Xu Baoshan criticized it more fiercely: "The Shang King's Tart is not martial, and the flower gate is a kind of sheep jackal." The size of the sand is the ancestral land, who dares to discuss the donation of pearls" ("Autumn Trees Recruit Autumn Song"). In the face of the autumn colors of the river pavilion like the smoke and water in the southeast, the home and country feelings of the famous courtiers and literati are even more intense.
More often, their collections are held in spring and summer, called "Spring Zen" or "Summer". On the first day of May in the fourteenth year of Daoguang (1834), xu and Huang presided over the Jiangting Yaji. Huang Xiangtie's poem inscription (see "Reading the Second Collection of Poems of Baihua Caotang", Vol. 10), a total of thirteen people attended the banquet, including liu shilu, a famous epigrapher at that time, Mei Zengliang, the leader of the Tongcheng literary school, and Xiaolian Ai Chang. According to Mei Zengliang's "Records of the Elimination of Summer in Jiangting", the people at this banquet were getting more and more drunk, so they shot up the liquor order: "When the orderer takes the honor of the scriptures, the hidden word is the crane, and the upper and lower words are used as the medium, because the media uses the middle bird and does not drink, but the words produced are scattered with the crane, cannot be glued, and the other words are supplemented, and the more specialized the crane, and the more illusory the media, the more the heart of the people, so that the search is not to be fast." This is probably the most common "square" in the shooting, hiding the middle word, which must be taken from the table objects recorded in the classics as the mystery. The puzzle is the upper and lower words associated with the word in the classics, or it can be multiple words, and the more distant the relationship between these words and the riddle, the better. For example, if the upper family gives orders for "female" and "ser", if the lower family fails to shoot at each other with the word "qin" (using the "Lady of the Poetry", "Qin Seryouzhi" in the Book of Poetry), it must be punished with a cup of wine.
It can be seen that if they are not familiar with the scriptures, this game will be difficult to continue, and the literary celebrities at this time are already poor to cope with this difficult game, they "suddenly get it, half in amazement, and punish more than a dozen drinkers every time." Perhaps, the joy of their collection is not to come out on top in the game, but to find a drunken relief in the tribulation of the home country. After the banquet, Gao Qipeng's "Jiangting Summer Elimination Map" painted their "comfortable and self-satisfied" demeanor, and everyone "faced the left side of the mountain" and leaned under the pavilion of the western mountain to look at each other and laugh.
And the matter of cultivation is especially the sixteenth year of Daoguang (1836) for the heyday, the six lords each extend seven guests, all forty-eight people, really can be described as "the group of sages to the end, the young and the long and salty". Huang Juezi also wrote a special letter "Jiangting Exhibition Zen Qi" all over the name of the public, so the jiangting exhibition of The matter has also been widely publicized. After that, the matter of Jiangting Yaji flourished and declined, and the death of Xu Baoshan in the eighteenth year of Daoguang (1838) directly dissolved this circle. Later generations have only talked about the old things and sighed in vain. In the Republic of China, the empty pavilion is desolate, and the old things have dissipated like the wind without a trace, no wonder Yu Dafu will say that every autumn, he will think of the reed flowers of Taoran Pavilion.
<h4>(Original title: Ju Huang Jia Shu Shu One Drunk and One Tao Ran: Tao Ran Pavilion and the Beijing Literati Elegant Collection).</h4>
<h4>Source: Beijing Evening News</h4>
<h4>EDIT: TF016</h4>