<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > five seedling collection and breeding techniques</h1>
1. Harvesting and processing of fruits
(1) Harvesting of fruits
The fruits of the Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Early Ripening Type ripen in early September, and the fruits of the Late Ripening Type ripen in early and mid-October. The seasonality of its fruit harvest is strong. Tea fruit matures until it cracks in only about 10 days. Generally, the skin is black and brown and can be harvested. The insects are picked, the tea seeds are not yet fully mature, the moisture is more, the oil content is low; the harvest is late, the capsules have cracked, the tea seeds are scattered on the ground, it is difficult to collect, and there is a lot of mold, which affects the quality. Therefore, it should be harvested in due course. Improper harvesting methods will also affect the fruit yield of the following year's trees. The masses in the production area are attributed to the experience of "three non-picking": that is, the dew is not dried in the morning, the rain is not harvested, and the rain on the trees is not dried or harvested after the rain. It is reported that picking fruits in the village after rain or dew is not drying can easily cause a large number of fruit drops and white eyes (the endosperm of tea seeds is underdeveloped) in the second year of the forest. Tengchong safflower camellia fruit ripening period is also the bud stage, or with a stick to knock off the fruit, is bound to knock down the buds, affecting the fruit yield of the following year, resulting in large and small annual phenomena. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize hand picking, or forked bamboo hook hook picking fruit.
(2) Seeding treatment
The tea fruit of Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea has the characteristics of post-ripening, and it can be stacked for 6 to 7 days after harvest, which can improve the seed maturity and oil content, and can increase the oil content by 5% to 7%. The tea fruits used for propagation and seed extraction should be spread thinly in a cool and dry place for later ripening, so as to avoid moldy and rotten tea fruits and affect the germination rate of seeds. The placement time of the shelled seeds should not be too long, preferably no more than 20 days, so as not to cause rancid deterioration of seed kernel oil and affect the emergence rate. If the tea seed afforestation is transferred over a long distance, the main prevention of seed drying and deterioration during transportation, the packaging used must be ventilated and breathable; after the seeds are transported to the destination, they should be spread in a cool and dry place in time. The transfer of Tengchong safflower oil tea seeds is best done by directly transporting tea fruits.
2. Seedling technology
(1) Cultivation of real seedlings
Tengchong safflower oil tea is a deep-rooted tree species that loves light, and the length of the main root at the seedling stage is 2 to 3 times that of the aerial part. Therefore, the nursery land for nursery should be selected in the east and southeast directions, the terrain is flat, the soil texture is loose and fertile, and the water retention and drainage performance are good. Meticulous land preparation is the basis for the cultivation of strong seedlings, so it should be prepared in the early autumn of the first year of the seedlings, digging up the sun-dried soil, removing weeds and stones, and ditching in winter to accelerate soil weathering. Do not dig the ground, make a bed, or sow seeds now. The nursery combines land preparation before the bed, applies sufficient base fertilizer, and applies 2000 to 3000 kg of decomposed organic manure and 20 kg of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer per mu. Seedlings can be raised on a flat bed or a high bed according to the topography and topography of the nursery. The bed is 1.0m wide and 5 to 10m long. The sowing distance is 20 cm, the sowing point spacing is 5 cm, and 3 seeds are planted under each sowing point. Level the soil after sowing and covering. Seedlings like yin. After the seedlings emerge, they should shade the seedbed, and often pay attention to loosening the soil, weeding, and watering. Regular post-application of clean manure, inorganic nitrogen fertilizer (urea, ammonium sulfate, etc.). When applying inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, the concentration should not be too large to prevent burning the seedlings. In case of drought, watering is required in time. In the nursery period of Tengchong safflower oil tea, it is very easy to occur pests and diseases, and should be prevented and controlled in time. The disease suffers from anthrax, soft rot, leaf blight, etc.; insect pests include aphids, red spiders, ladybirds, mesozoans, scarab beetles, etc. Disease control can be controlled with 1% Bordeaux liquid or 50% wettable dent 600 to 800 times dilution. It can also be sprayed once with 1:10 Sailis lime before the onset of spring shoots in seedlings, and again after the spring shoots stop growing. If there is a recurrence period, spray every half month. Aphids, red spiders and other insect pests can be sprayed with 40% Lego emulsion 1000 to 2000 times liquid.
In addition to the above-mentioned nursery methods, the seedling cultivation of Tengchong safflower oil tea can also be sown in the window and the container seedlings can be cultivated. Sand bed germination is performed before seeds are implanted in containers. The method is to soak the seeds with warm water of 25 to 30 °C, and then sow and germinate when the seeds are slightly exposed. It can be sown, sown, on demand, and it is better to broadcast on the strip. The time for sowing and germination is from autumn to spring. Autumn sowing germination is carried out in October to November, and spring sowing germination is carried out in January to February. When the radicles of germinating seeds in the sand bed are about 1 cm long, they are moved into containers to cultivate container seedlings. Containers can be used in plastic nutrition bags, nutrition cups or light-based non-woven bags.
Tengchong safflower camellia sinensis is a deep-rooted tree species with developed main roots, fewer whisker roots and lateral roots, and transplantation is not easy to survive. In order to promote the extraction of whisker roots, in the cultivation process of solid container seedlings, the seedlings can be bred by the root breaking or barrier method.
Root cutting method: When the radicle of the germinating seed is about 1 cm long, cut off the root tip of the radicle, detoxify it after 0.5% potassium permanganate, and then transplant it to the container.
Obstacle nursery method: Lay stone slabs at a depth of 15 cm in the seedbed or guest soil on the cement floor, and when the growth of the main root of the seedling is blocked, the lateral roots will be extracted.
After transplanting into the container, keep the soil in the container moist and prevent water in the container bag and the seedbed. After the container seedlings are unearthed, weeds should be removed in time to prevent and control pests and diseases, and special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of anthrax. When the weather warms up and the temperature rises, when the rain comes to watch the farmers in the spring, the film at both ends of the shade shed should be removed to ventilate and breathe. The shade net should continue to be covered on the shed until one and a half months before transplanting, the day cover is uncovered at night, the seedlings are refined, and the shade net is gradually removed.
When the seedlings of Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Fruit Container Seedlings reach the age of 20 cm, the height of the seedlings is 20 cm, and the diameter of the ground is more than 2 mm, they can be planted in the nursery. Before leaving the nursery, remove the diseased plants and weak plants, grade them according to the quality, and classify the frames out of the nursery for transplanting.
(2) Cultivation of grafted seedlings
In the long-term sexual reproduction process of Tengchong safflower camellia oleifera, due to cross-pollination and natural hybridization, the formation of complex variation or degradation of forest wood types, in order to maintain the excellent characteristics of Tengchong safflower camellia oleifera fine species, expand the high yield of its fine species, shorten the flowering and fruiting period of forest trees after planting, the use of grafting and reproduction is how fast and good to save the effective measures to create Tengchong safflower oil tea forest. The stands cultivated with Tengchong safflower oil tea seedlings are generally flowered and fruited in 6 to 7 years old forest trees, and some even bloom and bear fruit when they are born in 10 or 20 years. The asexual forest stands propagated by face grafting can flower and bear fruit from 1 to 2 years old, which greatly shortens the growth and development period of the forest stand.
Through grafting and propagation experiments, the Guangnan Oil Tea Research Station of the Yunnan Academy of Forestry believes that Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea is more difficult to graft into life than Camellia oleifera and other camellia species. But as long as you seize the season and pass the good grafting technology, Tengchong safflower oil tea can be grafted and propagated. We use the seedlings of camellia oleifera and camellia oleifera as anvil seedlings, and the cut anvil grafting Tengchong safflower oil tea scion has been successful. Its scion has been normally plucked on the anvil of camellia oleifera and camellia oleifera and has flowered. The grafting method of Tengchong safflower oil tea grafting seedling cultivation mainly uses chimeric jointing and skin pulling joint, which is introduced as follows.
(1) Chimeric joint (Figure 4-26): The grafting time of chimeric joint is February, March and October, and the specific method is: the bud segment of the Tengchong safflower oil tea variety forest with a full leaf bud is used as the scion. Cut off half of the scion core on the back of the bud and cut the ends into a horse ear shape. The panicle is 5 to 6 cm long and soaked in clean water for later. On the finished rootstock (with ordinary oil tea or small leaf oil tea annual seedlings as anvil), select a smooth part of the seedling stem 50 cm from the ground, use a fast knife to cut a knife from top to bottom near its xylem, cut off the upper half of the cut phloem, depending on the length of the spike, and cut it upwards to facilitate the insertion of the spike. Remove the scion from the water, shake off the water, and embed it in the rootstock, where the forming layer of the scion cutting surface is aligned with the forming layer of the rootstock cut surface. Tie tightly from bottom to top with a plastic band, exposing the bud stalk in the middle.
(2) Pull-up joint (Figure 5-2): The lower end of the scion is cut into a horse ear shape, and the preparation part of the rootstock is cut into a "∏" shape, and the length is consistent with the length of the scion. The phloem is then pulled down, inserted into the scion (the scion is cut to the side of the quasi-rootstock to form a layer), the wound on the other side of the rootstock is covered with the next phloem, and then tied tightly from bottom to top to expose the bud stalk. This method is easy to operate, and the grafting is still good for healing. The grafting time of the lapiche is in June, July and August during the growth period of Tengchong safflower oil tea.
In order to improve the grafting survival rate of Tengchong safflower oil tea grafting seedlings. The following essentials must be mastered during and after the grafting process:
The cutting surface of the scion should be slightly larger, and should be smooth and clean to expand the contact surface of the anvil of the panicle so that the two can form a layer that can be tightly combined. Before grafting, it is necessary to soak the scion in water for 5 to 10 minutes to lubricate the scion cutting surface. The cut scion is used after being treated with water immersion, which can improve the grafting efficiency and grafting survival rate. The grafting completion of the scion and the rootstock junction can not accumulate water. After grafting into work, the rootstock should be cut off and dried. Grafted in spring and summer, cut off at about 30 cm above the interface. Grafted well in autumn, cut dry at 2 cm on the interface in winter. The incision is wrapped in plastic film; when the new shoots are about 4cm, untie them, pay attention to the short and excessive growth of the new shoots; do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases and the work of weeding, irrigation and fertilization.
(3) Sprout anvil grafting seedling cultivation
Anvil cultivation: Select the large seeds (360~440 grains/kg) of Tengchong safflower oil tea, and carry out sandbed germination after disinfection treatment. The specific method is: make a sand bed for germination in advance, and the height of the sand bed is 10 to 15 cm. When germinating, the selected and disinfected Tengchong safflower oil tea seeds are submerged and submerged. After the seeds have been absorbed enough water to sink to the bottom, they are fished out and sown on the sand bed, and the density is appropriate to the seeds do not overlap. The seeds are covered with 8 to 10 cm thick fine sand after dense sowing. The thickness of the sand cover can also be appropriately increased to prolong the time of thickening and growth of the seed embryo and make the germ grow thick. In the seed germination process, a small amount of water is made on the sand bed to keep it economically moist, and the sand bed should not be too much water, otherwise the seeds will be in a state of hypoxia for a long time, hindering the normal growth of the seedling anvil and rotting late.
The cultivation period of Tengchong safflower oil tea bud anvil should coincide with the grafting time. If the seed germination is too early, the seedbed can be covered with wet sand to prolong the germination period of the seed, thicken the anvil of the sprouts, if the seed germination is too slow, you can sprinkle warm water every 2 to 3 days to promote the germination of the anvil of the sprouts. The setting and material preparation of the grafting nursery land are convenient for transportation, flat terrain, sufficient light, easy drainage and irrigation paddy fields or early as a nursery for cultivating Tengchong safflower oil tea bud seedling anvil grafting seedlings. After the vegetation of the garden was cleared, the land preparation began in mid-March. Before land preparation, sprinkle 50kg of quicklime and 0.5kg of methamidophos on the soil layer of each mu of garden land for disinfection, and then deeply turn the land, cooperate with the land preparation, apply 1000~2000kg of decomposing farm fertilizer per mu or 50~100kg of compound fertilizer, and start making beds after 6 or 7 days, the bed width is 1~1.2m, the height of the mound is 20~30cm, and the bed surface is flat and the bed soil is loose. After the seedbed is ready, it can be covered with a layer of raw yellow and white soil to reduce weed damage.
There is no need to set up a shade shed on the prepared seedbed. Its shed height is 1.8 to 2 m, and the shade is about 80%. After the shade shed is erected, the seedbed is covered with plastic film to prevent rain erosion, while the bed soil is loose and the dry humidity is moderate, which is convenient for cultivating sprout anvil grafting seedlings and grafting.
In addition, 3 to 4 wires of thin aluminum foil or plastic plastic wrap should be prepared before grafting. It is a long strip that grows 1.5 to 3 cm in front of it and 0.8 to 1.0 cm in width. As well as grafting single-sided blades, towels, basins and pads. The material for cutting scion rootstock is fir and alder.
Collection and storage of scion: In order to ensure the quality and quantity of scion, it is best to set up a tassel garden for tengchong safflower camellia fruit excellent varieties. Spike strips for grafting. Through the fine water and fertilizer management of the ear garden, the vigorous growth of the spring shoots of the plants is promoted. This results in high-quality spikes. Strips are harvested in conjunction with the grafting time. Spikes should be collected on rainy days or in the morning and evening when it is cool. Select the sunny part of the canopy of the ear forest tree, the leaf buds are full, there are no diseases and insect pests, and the well-grown semi-woody branches are spikes. Spikes are best used as they are picked. After the spikes are harvested, they are treated for freshness. Pack it in a plastic bag, cut two small holes in the bottom of the bag, do not tie the mouth of the bag tightly, in order to facilitate ventilation, and properly drench the spike strips to keep it moist, and bundle and pack the boxes in time (cartons and wooden boxes). For long-distance transport, it can be laid with degreasing cotton at the bottom of the box, wet with water, and transported to the nursery site. When the scion arrives, untie the straps and insert them on a shady sand bed or cellar to maintain humidity.
Grafting method: Tengchong safflower oil tea bud anvil grafting time is generally from mid-May to late June, to be seeded anvil has grown to 3 ~ 4 cm high, scion into semi-woody, grafting. Graft in, carefully dig the sprout anvil out of the sand bed, wash away the sediment, and take care not to hurt the young stem and touch the seed shell. Cut the growth point at 2 cm above the rootstock leaves of the sprout, cut a knife at the incision, and split the sprout anvil in half, with a depth of 1.2 to 1.5 cm. Immediately after the cutting. When cutting the scion, cut it once on each side of the lower end of the bud to form a wedge-shaped, 1.2 cm long. Then cut off the tip of the upper bud, with one leaf and one bud, and the leaves can be left in full or cut 1/2 of the clouds. Insert the cut scion into the incision of the sprout anvil so that the two form layers are aligned and then lashed with aluminum foil or plastic wrap. The upper end of the lashed aluminum foil is aligned with the sprout anvil to hold tightly, and then the main root of the sprout anvil is cut off by 1/3. According to the row spacing of 5 cm × 10 cm, the grafted sprout anvil seedlings were implanted into the seedbed. After planting, there is a sprinkler kettle to water it, and then cover it with plastic arches.
After-the-fact management: timely weeding and germination. About 20 days after grafting, the first germination and removal of weeds and dead seedlings begins. Weeding and germination work in the nursery will continue until September. Tengchong safflower oil tea bud seedling anvil grafting seedlings are susceptible to diseases and insects. About one month after grafting is a critical period for the healing of the seedling interface, and low temperature rain or dry weather will cause difficulties in the healing of the seedling interface. Moreover, the low temperature and rainy climate make the groundwater level rise, and the seedlings are susceptible to root rot, and the ditch should be cleared and drained in time. In case of high temperature and drought, the shade of the seedbed should be increased and the light should be reduced. And timely sprinkler irrigation of seedbeds to reduce the temperature of the nursery. It is necessary to strengthen the water and fertilizer management of seedlings, and watering should be small and repeated. About half a month after grafting into life, spray the compound fertilizer once, evacuate the bed surface to spray to the degree, and dissolve with a small amount of water after spraying. After grafting for one month, foliar sprays of urea water with a concentration of 0.05 to 0.08 once a month until October. The fertilization of seedling land must be first applied with nitrogen fertilizer and then potassium fertilizer. In addition, according to the growth trend of the anvil grafted seedlings, 2 to 3 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to promote the growth of seedlings. In order to prevent the spread of root rot in seedlings, the diseased seedlings should be uprooted in time and the soil around the diseased seedlings should be disinfected with 1% copper sulfate or dixone and other agents. After grafting for about 40 days, the anvil grafting seedlings of bud seedlings have become alive, and after the white dew festival, the shade shed on the seedbed can be gradually broken and the seedlings can be refined. The method is to remove the film at both ends of the seedbed in the evening, close it at 8 o'clock in the morning, and then after three days of repetition, all the films will be removed, and at the same time pay attention to weeding, flower picking, and appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer; the management work in the second year after grafting will focus on the prevention and control of the harm of diseases and insects such as anthrax of seedlings, weeding, germination and further strengthening of water and fertilizer management to ensure that tengchong safflower oil tea sprout anvil seedlings are planted abroad on schedule.
(4) Cuttings seedling cultivation
Picking the branches of the excellent varieties of Tengchong safflower oil tea and cutting seedlings can maintain the excellent characteristics of their mother and create convenient conditions for the vigorous development of fruit and ornamental Tengchong safflower oil tea forest trees.
The cuttings used to cultivate Tengchong safflower oil tea cuttings should be cut on plants with robust growth above 10 years old and excellent varieties free of diseases and pests. It is better to take the middle and upper part of the periphery of the canopy, east or southeast, and the branches of the year that grow thick and full of leaf buds are reminiscent of lignification. Cuttings are best done in the early morning, when the branches and leaves contain more moisture and are beneficial to cuttings. Cut the cuttings and wrap them in a damp towel or moss or insert them in clean water and store them in a cool place, and prepare the spikes. Cut the harvested cuttings into cuttings about 15 cm long, erase the flower buds on the cuttings, retain 2 to 3 leaves at the upper end, and cut a smooth horse ear-shaped incision at the lower end. The cuttings should be harvested and inserted as they are to prevent withering due to the sun and tight pressure. Before cuttings, the cuttings are treated with growth hormone and rooting powder, which can be treated with 50ng/L, ABT3 rooting powder or 200~400mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid solution. Soak one end of the cuttings in the growth hormone solution for 15 to 30 minutes, wash them with water and cut the cuttings. Cuttings are in February and March or July or August. The cuttings are inserted obliquely into the prepared seedbed at a 60-degree angle, and the depth of the soil is 2/3 of the cuttings. The spacing of cuttings is 5 to 7 cm, the row spacing is 10 to 15 cm, and in the early stage of cuttings and seedlings, in order to reduce the excessive evaporation of soil moisture and sunlight burning of cuttings, a shade shelter should be built on the insertion bed. Shade shelters should also be evenly transparent. Rooting begins 1 to 2 months after cuttings. Management before and after hair roots is very important. Spray water on the insert bed frequently to moisturize. And follow-up application of decomposed fecal water and diluted ammonium sulfate, urea, etc. With the growth of cuttings, it is necessary to gradually increase the fertilization concentration, and increase the application of compost, grass and wood ash, calcium superphosphate, etc. Cuttings are susceptible to anthrax and soft rot and should be prevented and treated in a timely manner.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >6. Planting techniques</h1>
1. Selection and zoning of plantation land
Tengchong safflower oil tea used to be grown sporadically. Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, the development of Tengchong safflower oil tea has been valued, and a large area of plantations has been created.
Tengchong safflower oil tea has a long life, and the forest has a productivity of decades or even hundreds of years, so it should be carefully selected for its planting place. It is advisable to choose a gentle slope with an altitude of 1700 to 2600m, an annual average temperature of about 15 °C, and an annual rainfall of about 1500 mm, or a slope of 15 degrees to 25 degrees Celsius in the south direction and a good water source in the southeast direction as the plantation of Tengchong safflower oil tea. The soil layer is deep and fertile, slightly acidic red and yellow soil (soil pH 5.5 to 6.0).
After the plantation site is determined, the planting area of the garden, the road drainage and irrigation system, and the basic construction facilities such as terraces, hydraulic conservancy and soil and water conservation are planned and designed. The land preparation principle of the planting area is: steep slope mountainous area, with fish scales to configure Tengchong safflower oil tea plants. 15 to 25 degree slope, terrace or terrace configuration Tengchong safflower oil tea plants. Gentle slope of 5 to 15 degrees, you can configure Tengchong safflower oil tea plants in the trench. Flat land or gentle hilly area should be fully reclaimed with Tengchong safflower oil tea. The proportion of land used is: the area of the planting area accounts for 80% of the total area of the garden.
The road system of the plantation of Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Garden consists of a main road, a branch road, a small road and a side road. The main road is generally about 5 meters wide. The passage road between the main plots of the road can be narrower, and for plantations built in mountainous and hilly lands, their road systems should be set according to the topography, slope and means of transportation of the garden.
The setting of the drainage and irrigation system is mainly based on the open ditch. Mountain plantations can be built along contour lines to build canals, storage, irrigation, and drainage. The inner side of the planting ladder surface must be dug with drainage ditches, and the water storage silt pit with a length of 80 to 100 cm and a width and depth of about 60 cm is dug on the inside of every two planting ponds (in the dry season, the silt in the pit can be pulled out and covered at the foot of the Tengchong safflower oil tea tree, which plays the role of fertilizer retention, water retention and soil retention). Flat land plantations, with a catchment ditch for every 4 planting rows.
The area of the Tengchong safflower oil tea plantation set in the gentle terrain can be 30 to 50 mu, and the area of the unit planting community can be set according to the terrain and slope size, which can be from a few mu to 10 to 30 mu. In short, the establishment of the planting community should be based on the premise that it can make full use of the land, facilitate cultivation management, improve labor efficiency, and obtain good economic benefits.
In addition to the large area and small pieces of Tengchong safflower oil tea, the masses like to plant it in front of the house and behind the house, in the corner of the field, and in the free place. Tengchong safflower oil tea grown in these places has plenty of sunshine, fertile soil, few pests and diseases, and strong growth potential. There are many flowers and fruit, and some hundred-year-old trees can bear more than 100 kilograms of fruit.
2. Preparation and colonization of plantations
(1) Land preparation
Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Plantation is very important before planting, the purpose of land preparation is to improve the temperature of the soil in the garden, ventilation conditions and conducive to the root system of plants to absorb water and nutrients. Tengchong safflower oil tea is a deep-rooted tree species, and deep ploughing can make its root system develop into a deep soil layer. The random and shallow preparation of the land will make the root system of the forest trees cannot be well expanded, and the water and nutrients absorbed from the soil cannot meet the needs of the aboveground parts of the forest trees, resulting in poor growth of the forest trees.
Before the planting of Tengchong safflower oil tea, there are several ways to prepare the land comprehensively, strip land and block land. If the plantation is gentle, it can be comprehensively prepared, and the woodland is turned once in the autumn of the first year and winter, and the depth of ploughing is 20 to 30 cm. Remove all weeds and shrubs when the woodland is deep. The soil of the garden is fully weathered, and the soil is loose and moist, so as to facilitate the robust growth and development of the forest. In mountain plantations with a large slope of more than 15 degrees, it is not advisable to take comprehensive land preparation, so as not to cause water and soil erosion. It can be prepared in a block shape, and the planting hole can be dug according to the set plant row spacing, the hole is 50 cm wide and 30 cm deep. Or along the horizontal belt to open the platform for land preparation, its terrace width of 1.0 ~ 1.5m, in the terrace area to arrange planting holes, the size of the hole is 60cm× 60cm×60cm. The cave was filled with turf fertilizer from the platform, and 30 kg of organic fertilizer and 1 kg of compound fertilizer were applied to each pond. The planting pond spacing can be 3m×4m or 4m×5m.
(2) Colonization
In the past, most of the people in the production area used to sow (direct) to plant Tengchong safflower oil tea. That is, on the pre-prepared plot, dig a sowing hole of 50 cm× 50 cm × 40 cm according to a certain plant row spacing. In July and August, the green grass leaves and fertile soil are turned into the pond, and about 30 kg of manure and 1 kg of superphosphate are mixed into each pond as the bottom fertilizer. The backfill soil is slightly higher than the pond surface. After harvesting the mature Tengchong safflower oil tea seeds in October, they are sown into the pond, and 3 seeds are sown in each pond, arranged in a triangle. Cover the soil 3 to 5 cm after sowing. This extensive way of creating Tengchong safflower oil tea forest is no longer suitable for promotion in the implementation of Tengchong safflower oil tea industrialization scale operation.
Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Plantation was built to plant its annual robust seedlings (including grafted seedlings and cuttings). In the rainy season in June and July, the survival rate of planting is high, and 1 plant per pond is colonized.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the management technology of the Seven Plantations</h1>
1 tree body management
(1) Management of the young tree stage
The young tree stage of Tengchong Safflower Camellia Oleifera Forest is the growth stage from seedling colonization to 12 years, during which the vegetative growth of the forest trees is vigorous. The tree grows and develops rapidly. It is necessary to carry out stemming and shaping in time, cultivate backbone branches, balance the tree posture, adjust the growth of branches, rapidly expand to form a canopy, and cultivate a solid tree skeleton to flower and bear fruit early. The tree shape cultivated is based on the natural happy type of the three main branches. This tree shape, the canopy of the forest tree is open, the branching force is strong, the outer branches are many, and the fruit yield performance is strong. The specific method is: in the first year, the trunk is fixed at 40 to 50 cm from the ground, and in the second year, the strong main branch is left in three directions above the main trunk distance of 30 cm, the young shoots that leave the dry tip are cut off, and the germination is wiped out, so that the main branch left behind can grow rapidly. In the third year, leave the first main branch 30 cm from the main trunk, and the second secondary main branch at 15 cm above. In the fourth year, continue to cut and extend the branches, leaving 3 to 4 side branches on each main branch to make them flower early and bear fruit. Before the 12th year of birth, the growth period of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest trees should be deleted and left thin, and the weak should be left strong. In the young stage, the shear should be cut and retained, and the amount of branches and leaves of the forest should be increased as much as possible. During this period, the nutrients absorbed by the young trees are mostly consumed in growth and are not easy to accumulate, so the growth potential of the branches should be moderated in order to increase the nutrient accumulation of the tree body in order to achieve early results.
Soil, fertilizer and water management in the young stage of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest is also very important. It is necessary to do a good job in time to shallow excavation, weeding, tree tray management and intercropping, fertilization and irrigation. For the tree tray within the projection range of the canopy, it is necessary to plough once in 1 to 2 months, remove weeds, and turn it into the tree tray so that it can rot and become fertilizer. The depth of cultivation is 10 to 15 cm. Where possible, cover with film or weeds or humus.
Tengchong safflower camellia forest grows slower before 5 years, like a shaded environment, in view of this characteristic, can be implemented in the young stage of Tengchong safflower camellia forest grain intercropping, for the young forest to create shading conditions, in order to promote the growth of its young forest, is to promote agriculture to promote forestry, a good way to combine agriculture and forestry. People in Yunnan production areas like to plant buckwheat, corn, buckwheat, potatoes, beans and green manure in the Tengchong safflower oil tea forestland. Intercropping not only harvests food, but also nurtures young forests and increases soil fertility. According to the survey, the Tengchong safflower oil tea young forest that implements forest grain intercropping has strong plant growth, rapid growth, lush foliage, and the plants bloom and bear fruit (generally 7 years) after direct broadcasting, and the tree height is generally 3 to 4m. Intercropping can increase by 5 to 6 times compared with the Tengchong safflower oil tea forest that is not intercropping. ～～～
(2) Management of the fruiting period
Tengchong safflower camellia forest fruiting period is about 13 to 40 years, during this period, the power of the forest has been determined, the canopy has been expanded in place, the growth is moderate, during this period of pruning of the forest is to cooperate with the water and fertilizer management of the woodland and adjust the contradiction between growth and fruit, so that it maintains a moderate and robust tree posture and high and stable fruit yield. The trees are too strong, and the trees only grow branches and leaves, and they cannot produce abundantly. On the contrary, the tree is too weak, and the fruit is small and inferior. The pruning intensity of the trees in the peak fruit stage of the Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Forest should be greater than that of the young tree stage and the initial fruit stage, so as to prevent the forest from having more branches and forming too many flower buds. Too many flower buds should be thinned to balance with the branches and leaves. During this period, it is also necessary to remove too many old and weak branches, short long branches and overgrown branches, so that the forest trees will bear new shoots in the next year. The pruning principle of tengchong safflower oil tea forest during the fruiting period is dense, weak, and old and strong. It is necessary to improve the light of the inner chamber of the tree, so that the outer branches of the upper canopy are opened. At the same time as pruning, the fertilizer and water and medium cultivation management of the woodland should be strengthened to promote the growth and development of the forest in the early stage and have sufficient nutrient accumulation, so that the branches and buds are fully developed, the flower buds are formed well, and the flowering is fruitful.
(3) The renewal and rejuvenation of the aging tree
Tengchong safflower oil tea forest forty or fifty years after the gradual aging, during this period, the tree momentum of the forest is weakening year by year, the small branches are dead, the new shoots are few and short, the germination rate is low, and the fruit yield is declining. The pruning task during this period is mainly to strengthen the tree on the basis of strengthening soil and fertilizer management to extend the fruit life of the forest. The specific methods are: (1) from the perspective of high branches, pruning to retain strong branches, so that strong branches lead the way, strong buds as the head, and use its top advantage to restore the tree momentum. (2) Sawing away dead branches and weak branches, re-cutting and resizing aging branches, and stimulating hidden buds to extract strong branches. Or cut off the main branch 1m from the ground before the early spring bud germinates and let it germinate new branches. (3) Sawing away the old branches of the inferior strains of the aging inferior strains, and carrying out high-grade replacement seeds such as splitting and cutting anvils at the cut to restore the species. Its high-pitched resurgence is better to carry out in summer and early autumn. Either renewal and rejuvenation method is done in the spring before the trees germinate. For the newly restored forests, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water and the prevention and control of pests and diseases.
2. Soil management
The soil management work of Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Woodland is to deeply cultivate the mature soil of the garden and reclaim and dig the soil of the planting line. As well as fertilization and water irrigation of woodland. The surface (tillage layer) soil of the plantation land generally contains more organic matter, and after deep turning, it can improve the forest structure of the garden soil, improve soil fertility, create good soil conditions for the growth of forest roots, and then promote the growth of some aboveground trees. Tengchong safflower oil tea garden is good for reclamation after harvesting fruits in autumn and winter. At this time, the aboveground part of the forest grows slowly, the consumption of assimilation products is reduced, and some broken root works caused by deep ploughing are easy to heal and new roots grow. Deep ploughing of the garden in autumn and winter can be combined with the application of base fertilizer to the forest in autumn and winter. Turn deep into the hole, combined with fertilization, and expand the disc outward until the tree rows collide. Tengchong safflower oil tea forest planted in the gentle hill and flat land can be cultivated by deep ploughing method, that is, weeding and weeding with the tillage of the middle tillage all year round, so that the woodland can maintain a loose soil and weed-free state for a long time, and the soil layer of 15 to 20 cm deep in autumn and winter. For slopes above 15 degrees, in order to prevent water and soil erosion caused by forest land ploughing, it is advisable to dig shallowly, shallow shovel or block reclamation in the terrace, horizontally with forest trees. Frequent cultivation and digging of woodland can cut off the soil capillary of woodland, reduce the evaporation of water, prevent soil compaction, promote microbial activity, and improve soil fertility. In addition, the removal of woodland weeds can reduce their consumption of soil moisture and nutrients in woodlands.
3. Pest control
The diseases and insect pests of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest directly affect the production of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest. At worst, it affects the growth of trees and causes yield reduction, and at worst, it causes plant death. Doing a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests is an important measure to improve the yield of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest fruit. In the operation process of Tengchong safflower camellia forest, pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, and take comprehensive control measures, from the selection of disease-resistant seeds, it will lay a good foundation for the tengchong safflower camellia forest created. During the operation of the stand, combined with the winter pruning of the forest trees, the diseased and insect branches are removed to make the forest ventilated and transparent. And through fertilization of woodland, the tree potential of the forest is enhanced, and its resistance to diseases and insects is improved.
The main diseases of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest are anthrax, soft rot, scab disease; insect pests include tea moth, tianniu, camellia oleifera wood beetle moth, camellia oleifera and spider, camellia oleifera bugs, scarab beetles and tea caterpillars.
(1) Prevention and control of major diseases
(1) Camellia oleifera anthracnose: cut down seriously diseased plants and burn them. Combined with the care and management of trees, diseased branches, fruits and diseased shoots are cut off and burned. During the onset of anthrax in Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Forest, The Bordeaux liquid of 1:1:100 times liquid, plus 2% killing leaching solution, sprayed every 10 days in March to April and July to August, sprayed 4 times in a row, or sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid for prevention and control.
(2) Scab disease: keep ventilation and light transmission in the forest. In february to March in the initial stage of scab disease, spray Bordeaux liquid or Baume 0.3 to 0.5 degree stone sulfur compound once every half month for 2 to 3 consecutive times, which can inhibit the development and spread of the disease.
(2) Prevention and control of major insect pests
(1) Tea moth: the larvae moth eat tengchong safflower oil tea forest branches and leaves and cause harm, June is the peak of the tea moth in the forest tip pupal, cut off the endangered dead shoots, concentrated burning to reduce its insect population density; in June to July for its adult feathering heyday, the use of the adult insect's phototropism, and use light to trap; seize the tea moth larvae in the leaf flesh for a long time and the characteristics of spring shoot germination and transfer as a pest, spray drugs at any time for prevention and control, the effect is better.
(2) Camellia oleifera wood beetle moth: the branches of the safflower oil tea forest tree are caused by the larva moth feeding. White trunks can be sprayed 2 to 3 times during the spawning period of the adults with white coating agents to poison the hatching insects. During the dry moth larvae of the Camellia oleifera moth, a cotton ball is dipped in 40% Leguo emulsion oil for 25 to 50 times, and the hole is sealed with clay to poison the larvae.
(3) Camellia oleifera red spider: April to July is the peak of the harm of camellia oleifera red spider. Spray once a month 20% trichloroicide sulfone 800 times liquid, or 40% Leguo emulsion 1000 to 2000 times liquid, or Baume 0.1 to 0.3 degree stone sulfur compound 0.5% to 1% tobacco water mixture for poisoning.
(4) Celestial bull: eating branches with larvae. The control method, the syringe injects the original solution into the cavity, and then seals it with wet mud, which can kill the larvae and adults of the Tianniu in the hole. Adult insects are also captured by hand.
(5) Scarab beetles: The scarab beetle larvae are used as the root system of the seedlings and young trees, and the adult insects are the young shoots and leaves of the forest trees. Prevention and control methods, spray high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to kill the adult scarab beetles, use the phototropism of the adult scarab beetles, use black lights, ordinary lights to put out fire booby traps; use their suspended death, vibrate and kill. Intensive cultivation of the forest land and reclamation of barren mountains around the forest are also important measures to eliminate the larvae of scarab beetles and alleviate the harm of scarab beetles.
4. Low yield forest transformation technology
(1) Thinning and deterioration to adjust the density of forest stands
Some tengchong safflower oil tea stands covered by upper forest trees have a serious lack of national light, and low-yielding trees cannot flower or flower very little. For such a Tengchong safflower oil tea forest, it is first necessary to cut down the upper forest and dig out the trees. To improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the stand, and then take other operational rehabilitation measures. Some weak and inferior plants that have no fruit, few fruits or are aged are cut off and re-strengthened, or improved into good and strong plants by changing the crown of large trees to promote the fruiting and abundant yield of the forest stand.
For the low-yield forest stands of Tengchong safflower oil tea with uneven forest density, the density can be adjusted by means of thinning and transplanting of large trees, so that it can be transformed into a forest stand with moderate forest density and uniform distribution, so as to make full use of the spatial soil and improve the fruiting yield of the forest stand.
Under the condition of medium standing conditions and high management level, the forest density of Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Forest is 40 to 70 plants/mu, and the yield is high. The overly dense forest stands should be thinned, and the overly thin forest stands should be replanted with good seeds and strong seedlings. In the face of insufficient number of plants, but the distribution is very even, the closure of the forest stand can be increased by strengthening management and expanding the canopy of the forest, without replanting. For forest clearings larger than 4m×4m, grafted seedlings of Tengchong safflower oil tea that are born 3 to 4 years old are used to replant. Dig 60cm × 60cm× 60cm or deeper planting holes, apply sufficient base fertilizer (soil fertilizer and decomposed phosphate fertilizer is not less than 30kg), and replant in early spring.
(2) Reclamation deep digging and shoveling of grass and shrub removal
Reclamation deep digging and weeding and irrigation removal is the first winter of low-yield transformation of the whole reclamation of deep excavation of the key land once, the depth of about 30cm. Shallow hoe once a year in summer, with a depth of about 15xm. And dig deep every 1 year. At the same time as the reclamation digs deeper, the bushes and weeds of the woodland are removed and the trees of the shrubs are dug up. Reclamation deep excavation can loosen, mature and improve the structure of the woodland soil, increase the soil permeability, improve the soil moisture content and soil fertility, which is conducive to the growth of forest roots and expand the nutrient absorption range. Grass removal improves the environment of the above-ground part of the forest, eliminating the need for grass and shrubs to compete for space and nutrients.
Reclamation is generally carried out in winter, and shallow shoveling should be done in summer. It can be carried out in conjunction with fertilization, and attention should be paid to preventing man-made soil erosion when reclamation.
(3) Building a platform to protect the soil
For the tengchong safflower oil tea low-yield forest that grows on the slope, it is advisable to use the method of half digging and half filling, and the forest planting belt of the slope is modified into a number of water platforms along the contour line at one time, and the upper and lower are connected to form a ladder. Its terrace is composed of a ladder wall, a countertop, a side mound, and an inner ditch. One table is a forest planting belt, and the width varies depending on the slope and the row spacing of the forest cultivation. Generally speaking, the larger the slope and the narrower the ladder, the countertop should be inclined inward, and the bamboo ditch in the ladder wall should be opened to store water. The ladder wall is generally made of a mixture of stone blocks and turf, maintaining a slope of 45 ° ~ 60 °, and letting its long grass be protected, and the edges can be planted with bushes such as beard branches. The width of the bamboo ditch is 50 cm and the depth is 40 cm, and the length of the ditch depends on the length of the platform. Leave a mound in the ditch every 70 to 90 cm to make the ditch bamboo knot-shaped.
(4) Reasonable fertilization and drainage
The abundant production of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest requires good soil conditions. The low fertility of the woodland soil will seriously affect the growth and development of the forest trees and the flowering and fruiting, resulting in a decrease in fruit quality and yield.
Tengchong safflower oil tea is a "industrious tree" that does not leave the branches of flowers and fruits all year round, and the more flowers and fruits are, the more soil water and fertilizer are consumed. According to the measurement, for every 100 kg of branches and leaves extracted from tengchong safflower oil, nitrogen 0.9 kg, phosphorus 0.22 kg and potassium 0.28 kg are required; for every 100 kg of tea oil produced, the nutrients taken away from the soil are equivalent to 41.7 kg of urea, 96.9 kg of calcium superphosphate, and 418.2 kg of potassium nitrate.
Tengchong safflower oil tea must be harvested every year, which must be compensated by reasonable fertilization and improve the soil to ensure a sustained harvest. In order to maintain the soil strength of the forest land, it is necessary to vigorously advocate that green manure go up the mountain and return the dry cake to the mountain. Fertilization should be applied to woodland more than twice a year, with fast-acting fertilizers in summer (March to May) and micro-fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, and growth regulators sprayed on the foliar surface from June to August. Fertilizer per unit area: nitrogen fertilizer 10~20kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer 30~50kg/mu, potassium fertilizer 10~20kg/mu, or compound fertilizer, soil miscellaneous fertilizer 300kg/mu. Fertilization method: there are ring-shaped, strip-like, star-shaped, burrow-like, radial fertilization and other methods, which are changed once a year, used alternately, combined with reclamation and weeding at the same time. Generally, circular fertilization is used, that is, a circular ditch with a depth of 30 to 50 cm and a width of 20 to 30 cm is excavated vertically along the periphery of the canopy projection line, and the fertilizer is applied into the ditch and covered with soil.
In addition, from March to May, when the Tengchong safflower oil tea forest trees are spring shoots and flower buds differentiate, a large amount of water is needed, and the forest land should be irrigated where conditions permit; after the rainy season enters from June to September, the low-lying woodland should pay attention to drainage and flood prevention.
(5) Forest farmers intercropping
For the tengchong safflower oil tea low-yield forest with flat terrain and no soil erosion, it is possible to plant short stalk shade-tolerant cash crops between the woodlands, such as green manure, Chinese medicinal materials, pasture grasses and beans, rapeseed, etc., forming a multi-level three-dimensional planting structure, which can inhibit the growth of weeds and shrubs in woodland, improve soil water storage and fertilizer retention capacity, improve inter-forest microclimate, and improve fruit yield.
(6) Pruning the whole branches of the forest
Scientific pruning of the whole branch of the tree body is an important measure to transform the low-yield forest of Tengchong safflower oil tea to promote the high yield and stable yield of the forest. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out reasonable whole branch pruning according to the actual situation of the tree body. Whole branch pruning is an important technical measure to balance and optimize the structure of the tree and adjust the growth. The area of its low-yield forest transformation is large, and it is difficult to perform plastic pruning on the forest, so it can only be pruned by whole branches and retain its natural tree shape.
The branches of the low-yield Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Forest are scattered, and the lower foot branches, inner branches, intersecting branches, overlapping branches, long branches, diseased and insect branches, and dead branches are mixed into one tree, which affects the ventilation and light transmission in the forest, hinders the growth and fruit of the forest trees, and must be pruned. To improve the environmental conditions of the stand, adjust the balance to optimize the forest structure, regulate the nutrient and reproductive growth of the forest, and promote the growth of the tree body, accelerate the flowering and fruiting, and overcome the phenomenon of large and small years.
The strength of its whole branch pruning can be divided into general pruning and re-pruning. Re-cutting is generally suitable for old forests and dense forests. After the transformation of the low-yielding forest of Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea in winter and early spring, the remaining trees can be pruned in whole branches, and more nutritious branches are left to prepare for the results of the coming year. Through general pruning, the scattered branches are pruned, so that the branches of the tree are evenly distributed and compact.
By pruning the whole branches, the vegetative branches and fruiting branches of the forest trees are kept in a certain proportion. The principle of whole branch pruning is to cut off some of the fruiting branches in the big year when the forest grows vigorously and strongly, so as to ensure the nutrition of the tree body and prevent physiological flowers and fruits. The whole branch of the fruiting tree should be pruned to leave more fruiting branches.
For Tengchong safflower oil tea trees that are young and have not yet formed a stable tree shape, the pruning and transformation of the whole branch should be mainly based on cultivating a favorable tree shape; for the Tengchong safflower oil tea trees that have become nearly adult and the tree shape tends to be stable, after pruning and transformation of the whole branch, to solve the problem of the contradiction between growth and fruiting, its intensity should not be too large. For the Tengchong safflower camellia tree that is on the verge of aging, it can take advantage of its strong germination ability to adopt the method of heavy cutting and logging to promote its germination of new branches for renewal and transformation, and when pruning and transforming the whole branch of tengchong safflower oil tea tree, the incision should be smooth to prevent tearing the bark around the incision and damaging the tree body.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the preparation and storage of eight fruits</h1>
Tengchong safflower oil tea has a wide variety of natural types, and the ripening period is different. There are "early July" fruits ripened in August, and there are also "white-eyed teas" that ripen in mid-to-late October. On the whole, the fruits of Tengchong safflower oil tea are mostly ripe in mid-to-late September. Its ripening is characterized by a dark brown shiny, slightly lobed hull. Tengchong safflower oil tea fruit harvest season is very strong, should be harvested in time. If the fruit harvested in time is taken and propagated, as long as the sowing is timely, the emergence rate is high, and the seedlings grow robustly.
Tengchong safflower oil tea fruit used for oil pressing, depending on its ripeness, after post-ripening treatment, should be exposed to the sun for 3 to 4 days in time to allow it to naturally crack and thresh. The husk is separated from the grain, and after removing the impurities and soil, the tea seeds are exposed to constant weight, and the oil can be pressed. Tea seeds are pressed in time, the oil yield is high, and the quality of oil is good. Its oil color is clear and fragrant, and it can coagulate like grease oil in winter. Tea seeds that have dried in the shade or left for a long time, the oil is squeezed out, its oil color is greenish red, and the concentration is large, the oil quality is poor, and it will not coagulate.
The tea seeds of Tengchong safflower oil tea are generally pressed with soil method. The sun-dried tea seeds are milled into powdered grains. In order to increase the squeezing and friction of the powder particles when pressing oil, the seed coat should not be removed. When the tea seed flour grain with crushed seed coat is squeezed, the oil is easy to flow out, reducing coagulation, and can absorb the appropriate water, which plays the role of water to carry the oil. The crushed powder is steamed in time, steamed for 20 to 30 minutes, the powder should be wrapped in brown flakes in time after steaming, squeezed while hot, high temperature, high oil yield. The oil yield of soil-pressed tea seeds is mainly 31% to 33%. After the oil cake powder is fine, the re-pressing can increase the oil yield by 2% to 3%.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the prospect of industrialization scale operation</h1>
1． It has the basic conditions for thick industrialization scale operation
The distribution center of Tengchong safflower oil tea is Tengchong County, which is located in the Hengduan Mountain Canyon area at high altitude and low latitude. The altitude of Gaoligong Mountain through the territory is 2500~3700m. It is a tropical and subtropical junction zone, which belongs to the warm winter and cool monsoon climate in the Indian Ocean monsoon region. Summer is rainy without heat, winter is more sunny without severe cold, for Tengchong safflower oil tea growth and reproduction of excellent place.
Tengchong safflower oil tea is a single-petal flower type with its dominant population. In the long-term natural hybridization and separation process, the main groups of millet tea, persimmon cake tea group, grain spike tea group, thick-skinned tea group, and small fruit tea group in the single-petal flower type of Tengchong safflower oil tea were formed. The fruit-producing and oil-using properties of tengchong safflower oil tea are significantly different between different types and between individual plants, and there is rich genetic diversity, indicating that the germplasm resources of tengchong safflower oil tea are extremely rich, which provides favorable conditions for selecting excellent single plants (varieties) for tengchong safflower oil tea for fruit production and oil, determining the mother tree for harvesting seeds, and establishing the seed production base such as mother forest. Tengchong safflower oil tea single petal flower type of fine skin round fruit tea, small fruit tea, round ball millet tea, flat ball millet tea, peach-shaped millet tea, medium persimmon cake and small persimmon cake tea, long round grain spike tea and identified Tengchong safflower oil tea excellent varieties, with strong tree potential, high yield per plant fruit, thin peel, seed yield and oil content. These excellent varieties are the material basis for realizing the industrialization scale operation of Tengchong safflower oil tea in the future. The heavy-petaled flower and semi-heavy-petal flower type resources in Tengchong safflower oil tea are the material basis for the future development of Camellia flower breeding in Yunnan.
Tengchong safflower camellia has a cultivation history of more than 500 years, and the Tengchong safflower camellia plantation with a certain scale in Tengchong County, the central area of suitable for life, has 529,300 mu of Tengchong safflower camellia forest (annual fruit output of 22 million kg). In Changning County, Longling County and Longyang District of Baoshan City, there are 54,300 mu (annual fruit yield of 30,000 kg), 25,300 mu (annual fruit output of 0.95 million kg) and 30,000 mu (annual fruit output of 30,000 kg) in Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea Forest, respectively. Its total area is 638,900 mu, the annual total fruit output is 22,069,500 kg, and the annual total output value is 100,575,000 yuan. In addition, Dehong Prefecture has 145,000 mu of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest, with an annual total fruit output of 139,000 kg and an annual total output value of 443,000 yuan. Foresters have accumulated rich cultivation and management experience in the long-term operation of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest.
Tengchong safflower oil tea in Tengchong County is listed as a national second-class endangered plant. The Party and the government attach great importance to the development of this unique and precious tree species. Tengchong County is listed as a woody oil base county based on this oil tree species. In Tengchong County, a state-owned forest farm of Tengchong safflower oil tea was established, that is, the Shaba Safflower Oil Tea Forest Farm. At the same time, some township and town forest farms have also developed Tengchong safflower oil tea in a large area. At present, tens of thousands of mu of Tengchong safflower oil tea forest with the state-owned Shaba forest farm as the main body has produced fruitful fruits, which has taken a solid step for the industrialization scale operation of Tengchong safflower oil tea in the future.
In terms of the cultivation and management technology of Tengchong safflower oil tea, in addition to the rich national application technology, through the incomprehensible efforts of the majority of scientific and technological personnel, a set of supporting technologies for industrialized scale operation have been accumulated. Over the years, Tengchong County Linke has organized a strong scientific and technological force, and over the years, it has done a lot of research work in the breeding of Tengchong safflower oil tea (fruit-producing type and ornamental flower blossom, etc.), fast-growing and high-yield cultivation technology, disease and pest control technology, etc. And has achieved important research results, which have played a decisive role in guiding the development of the local Tengchong safflower oil tea planting industry in the future. At the same time, forestry technicians from some provinces, prefectures and cities have also gone to Tengchong to carry out research on the variety type, flower shape, high-yield cultivation technology and hybrid breeding of Tengchong safflower oil tea. All this provides a strong scientific and technological support for the future industrialization scale operation of Tengchong Safflower Oil Tea.
2. The path for Yunnan to realize the industrialization scale operation of Tengchong safflower oil tea
Tengchong safflower oil tea is not only a woody oil tree species with high edible and medicinal value, but also a woody flower plant with strong greening and ornamental properties. Yunnan Province has the vast land for the development of Tengchong safflower oil tea industrialization scale planting industry, rich Tengchong safflower oil tea germplasm resources, and mature management technology means, indicating that Yunnan Province Tengchong safflower oil tea industrialization scale operation has bright prospects for development. In order to realize the industrialization scale operation of Tengchong safflower oil tea as soon as possible. Its cultivation of good seeds is of the utmost importance.
In addition to relying on the traditional asexual propagation technology, it is necessary to increase scientific efforts and breed a new generation of Tengchong safflower oil tea with high fruit, new varieties of oil and new varieties of camellia with high ornamental value through sexual hybridization. For the existing Tengchong safflower oil tea excellent plant fine varieties should establish its ear picking garden, the product ratio test area and the excellent plant regionalization test area, to continue to determine its cloned line offspring, continue to declare (recognize) Tengchong safflower oil tea excellent varieties. Tengchong safflower oil tea fine seed screening, the establishment of good seed gene bank, good seed promotion, good seed production experimental demonstration forest and other work letters to be done. The transformation of the existing Tengchong safflower oil tea low-yield forest, the restoration and renewal of the old forest and other work should also be carried out successively. For the Tengchong safflower oil tea forest planted on a newly industrialized scale, it is necessary to adopt highly intensive management technology means.
In the future, the development of industrialization scale planting of Tengchong safflower oil tea in Yunnan Province can only be carried out in its suitable central area and suitable for growth. The marginal area, that is, the area with too high altitude and too low altitude, should not develop the Tengchong safflower oil tea planting industry. According to this development path, the industrialized scale operation of Tengchong safflower oil tea in Yunnan Province will be just around the corner.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Tengchong safflower oil tea cultivation technology (2) economic value and excellent variety characteristics</h1>