In recent years, the Dachuan Mechanical Seed Professional Planting Cooperative in Yushu City has actively explored the land trusteeship model of "unified seed collection and management", giving full play to the advantages of large-scale, scientific and mechanized operation of cooperatives, realizing the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development, and effectively promoting agricultural efficiency, farmers' income and rural development.
Founded on September 21, 2011, Dachuan Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative, located in Xinzhuang Town, Yushu City, is the earliest cooperative in the city to carry out land trusteeship, and it is also the cooperative with the largest area of trusteeship. Up to now, the cooperative has managed a total of 131 farmers, land area of 308 hectares, the cooperative to agricultural planting, fertilizer supply, farming services as the main business, the existing various types of agricultural machinery 60 sets, including 25 large agricultural machinery, built agricultural machinery warehouse 2400 square meters.
Dachuan Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative took the lead in implementing the "unified seed collection and management" model in the city, and achieved gratifying results. Its successful experience has been exchanged and promoted in national and provincial and municipal meetings for many times, and has been rated as "Top Ten Cooperatives for Land Trusteeship" in Changchun City, AAA Grade Enterprise in Jilin Province that abides by contracts and emphasizes credit, the National Agricultural Machinery Cooperative Demonstration Society and the National Demonstration Society of Farmers' Cooperatives. Sun Dachuan, chairman of the cooperative, was rated as a model worker in Changchun, a director of the Jilin Provincial Federation of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives, and an outstanding figure in the national "Star of Agricultural Cooperation".
Strengthen the sense of responsibility, and seek high skills in innovative service models. Dachuan Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative was founded for a few years, the implementation of the land lease trusteeship model, subject to capital, machinery, site, personnel, management and other factors, the annual scale of operation of the land is about 50 hectares, the cooperative has always stayed in a state of not big or strong. In 2015, the Dachuan Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative began to innovate the model of "unified seed collection and management" of land.
The first is the "unified seed" model: cooperatives uniformly arrange the procurement of chemical fertilizers, seeds, pesticides and other means of production, uniformly provide mechanical services such as seeds, pipes, harvesting and drying, and the cooperatives promise to purchase the means of production at a lower price (wholesale price) than the market price, and the cost of machinery use services is profitable year-on-year. In 2015, the whole service fee of the cooperative was 600 yuan / ha, renting agricultural machinery for sowing, and the cooperative only charged 300 yuan / ha, which reduced the cost and benefited significantly compared with the decentralized operation of farmers.
The second is the "unified harvest" model: grain is uniformly recovered by cooperatives, dried in a unified manner, and exported in a unified manner, which is a significant increase in income compared with the sales by peasant households themselves.
The third is the "management" model: the cooperative is responsible for mechanical spring ploughing and sowing, field management and autumn harvest. Farmers are responsible for the field supervision of their own plots, assisting in the prevention and control of pests and diseases (such as finding diseases and insect pests, timely notifying the cooperative to spray medicine), timely harvesting and other matters. Cooperatives adopt a new business model of "unified seed collection and management" to serve farmers who have signed "land trust" contracts throughout the process, so that farmers can exert their advantages in capital, machinery, management and technology through cooperatives, reduce production costs, increase grain production, increase income, and increase their efficiency in custody services. In 2020, the 131 peasant households entrusted by the cooperative, 367 hectares, increased grain production by 623,900 catties year-on-year, increased income by 620,000 yuan, the cooperative agricultural mechanization greatly liberated the farming labor force, and the villagers who joined the cooperative were engaged in migrant income of 50,000 yuan, and the road to prosperity became wider and wider.
Strengthen the sense of responsibility and drum up real strength in improving service capabilities. The Dachuan Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative Council regards the improvement of service capabilities as a heavy responsibility for running a cooperative to give back to the society and villagers.
First, strengthen the quality of leadership and staff. Focus on leadership-led skills learning. The cooperative did not hesitate to contribute funds and sent council leaders to participate in the relevant business learning and theoretical seminars of the state, provinces and municipalities, and continuously improved the service management ability. Sun Dachuan, chairman of the board, was in the advanced training class of Tsinghua University, under the guidance of famous Chinese agricultural experts, to explore and innovate a successful land trusteeship model, which effectively guided the good and rapid development of the cooperative. Focus on staff skills training. The cooperative also formulates a policy linking the agricultural technology and mechanical operation ability of employees with wages and bonuses, and constantly stimulates the enthusiasm and creativity of employees to learn skills and improve service levels. Female employee Jin Yonglian in the early days of the cooperative, only a small agricultural machinery driver, inspired by the incentive policy, insisted on participating in training and amateur self-study, not only mastered the operation skills of various large agricultural machinery, but also mastered the skills of agricultural machinery maintenance, creating more prices for the cooperative. The second is to strengthen the introduction of machinery and equipment. Since 2015, it has introduced 25 large-scale seeders and harvesters (sets), including: 15 seeders, 3 Shenzhen DJI unmanned plant protection aircraft, 3 deep pine machines, 2 spray rod high-altitude sprayers, 1 intelligent soil nutrient speed measuring instrument, and the total value of agricultural machinery fixed assets of 10 million yuan, which further improved the mechanical service capabilities and accelerated the process of agricultural modernization. Sun Dachuan, chairman of the board, also proceeded from the actual needs to independently develop the applicable machine for sowing pesticides at a reduced cost and efficiency, which was widely praised by all sectors of society.
Strengthen the awareness of quality, and make real efforts in improving the service mechanism. Dachuan Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative attaches great importance to operation management and mechanism guarantee. The first is to establish and improve the organizational structure. Starting from the strengthening of the service mechanism, the cooperative has established a board of directors, a board of supervisors, a finance department, a technical department, an information department, a production department, a sales department and a training department, and each department is responsible for its own responsibilities to jointly serve the development of the cooperative. In practical work, strengthen the management of the code of conduct for contract signing, and ensure the legitimate rights and interests of farmers who have joined the cooperative. The second is to improve various rules and regulations. Cooperatives have formulated effective management charters and established a series of management systems such as democratic elections, distribution of benefits, and financial disclosure. Cooperatives hold at least two or more general meetings of members or meetings of member representatives every year, and can only be implemented after one person and one vote on major matters of the cooperative, and the financial disclosure is made once every six months and subject to the supervision of members. The third is to attach importance to the cultivation and use of talents. There are 22 management personnel, including 1 senior agronomist, 1 accountant and 2 technical professionals.
Strengthen the sense of efficiency, and implement good policies in improving service means. The cooperative has won the trust of villagers by innovating the land trusteeship model and improving the means of service. The first is to save costs and increase efficiency, and the interests of cooperatives and farmers are balanced. As a result of the uniform provision of agricultural materials and mechanical services by cooperatives, the cost of supervision is reduced through the participation of farmers. According to statistics, the cost of one hectare of land cultivation for small farmers after participating in the trusteeship can be reduced by about 2,000 yuan. In normal years, small farmers cultivate, and the yield of one hectare of corn is 18,000 catties, while the yield of trusteeship can reach about 25,000 catties, and the yield of one hectare increases by 7,000 catties. The second is joint management, and cooperatives and farmers share power. In the operation of cooperatives, only service fees are charged, and the right to land contract management and the right to claim the remaining interests of land are still kept in the hands of small farmers, which satisfies the right of small farmers to participate in land management on the basis of liberating the labor force and alleviating the labor strength of small farmers. The third is risk sharing, mutual benefit and win-win between cooperatives and farmers. In terms of financial risk sharing, large agricultural machinery is purchased by cooperatives, which reduces the investment expenditure of small farmers, while the service costs of small farmers are first advanced by the cooperative, and then paid by farmers to the cooperative after the end of the year grain is sold, which reduces the financial risk of small farmers. In terms of business risks, the "management" model effectively reduces the operational risks of cooperatives and farmers, and gives full play to the dual advantages of large-scale, scientific and mechanized operation of cooperatives and fine management of small farmers. In terms of market risk, smallholder farmers can enjoy preferential prices in the procurement of agricultural materials and mechanical services on the one hand, and on the other hand, they can obtain higher sales prices than the local market prices in the sale of agricultural products, so the model reduces the market risk of smallholder farmers. All these have effectively overcome the shortcomings of the small-scale peasant economy and realized the organic connection between small-scale farmers and modern agriculture.
2015 was the first year of the innovative land trusteeship model of the Dachuan Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative, with 115 hectares of land under trusteeship. After the hard work of all employees, the total income is more than 9 million yuan, and the net profit is more than 2 million yuan. Since 2016, the income of cooperatives and the income of managed farmers has increased by double digits every year, maintaining a good momentum of development. In 2020, under the favorable situation of the favorable situation of the beneficial agricultural policy and the continuous rise in market grain prices, the income of the cooperative and the income of the farmers who joined the cooperative were better than in previous years, the income of the cooperative reached 12.9 million yuan, an increase of 12% year-on-year, and the per capita net income of the farmers who joined the cooperative reached more than 4800 yuan, an increase of 15% year-on-year.
In 2021, the cooperative circulated 308 hectares of land, and the land has been all contiguous, further accelerating the scale of land operation, with the improvement of the land trusteeship model, the improvement of agricultural science and technology and mechanization, the prospect of the common development and prosperity of cooperatives and villagers will become more and more beautiful.
Produced by Jilin Daily
Planner: Jiang Zhongxiao
Author: Yan Xiangyou
Editor: Wu Ming