With the development of society, primary energy sources such as coal and oil are decreasing, the world is facing an energy crisis, and biomass and biomass energy are more and more widely valued by all countries. At present, woody plants are still the main body of bioenergy and are the oldest energy substances. The international community is generally concerned about and vigorously develops energy forests, with the purpose of solving the current worldwide energy crisis problem by using the selected and bred fast-growing, high-yield, high calorific value or high-yield energy tree variety resources, to optimize intensive cultivation technology in a targeted manner, and to solve the current worldwide energy crisis through processing and utilization of alternative fossil energy. Oak as a woody biomass energy tree species, acorns as raw materials can extract low-temperature ethanol biodiesel, the following is a brief introduction to oak trees and industrial promotion.
1. Variety Introduction:
Quercus variabilis Bl., a genus of Quercus variabilis, commonly known as oak trees, is a deciduous tree endemic to China, widely distributed, north from Liaoning, Hebei, Shaanxi, southern Gansu, south to Liangguang, west to Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and west to Exi, Qinling, Dabie Mountainous Area as its distribution center; North Korea, Japan is also distributed.
It is often born on the slopes of mountainous areas, but it is better for young trees to have side shade. Strong adaptability to climate and soil. It can tolerate low temperatures of -20 °C, grow in acidic, neutral and calcareous soils at pH4-8, and is also tolerant of drought and thinness, while loam and sandy loam soils with deep, fertile, suitably moist and well-drained loam soils are most suitable, and are not tolerant of standing water.
2. Cork oak has important energy value and economic value
2.1. Cork oak is a high-quality forest biomass energy tree species. As a biomass energy tree species, cork oak has the following advantages: First, cork oak is high-quality firewood, firepower, fire resistance, so many countries in the European Union have begun to compress discarded oak branches into rod-shaped, granular and hard molds under high pressure and heating conditions as power generation fuel and industrial boiler fuel. Secondly, cork oak has a strong ecological stability, so far, there are no reports of large-scale diseases and insect pests of cork oak, and mixed energy forests can be established with locust trees, beard branches and other plants. In addition, the cork oak is highly adaptable, drought-tolerant and barren soil, suitable for development in mountainous areas, and has a large number of barren mountain wastelands to use, without competing with farmers for land and not affecting grain production.
2.2. Cork oak is an excellent tree species for creating windbreak forests, water conservation forests and shelter forests. Cork oak has a well-developed root system and has mycorrhizae, which can absorb the necessary nutrients and water from the soil, so the cork oak forest plays a significant role in improving soil, maintaining water and soil, and conserving water sources. After large-scale and scientific management and protection, oak forests can prevent indiscriminate logging, promote forest growth and maintain ecological balance. According to expert estimates, the 1 million mu oak forest base can store 332 million cubic meters of water, can add 66.67 million tons of water conservation capacity per year, can retain 4.53 million tons of dust / year, can absorb 266,670 tons of CO2 per day, and release O2 48,666 thousand tons at the same time.
2.3. Cork oak is an important cork resource tree species. Its cork has the specific gravity of small, buoyancy, good elasticity, impermeable, impermeable, insulation, sound insulation, pressure resistance, friction resistance and acid resistance, alkali resistance, do not react with chemicals and other excellent characteristics, known as "soft gold", is China's light industry, automobiles, aircraft, ships, advanced decorative building materials indispensable raw materials. Cork decoration with its green environmental protection, return to nature, return to the basics and many other advantages, will be widely into the field of decoration, now the international demand for cork decoration materials every year is about 12 million square meters. Cork decoration materials are also gradually being favored by the Chinese people. In the past two years, the market demand has been increasing year by year, and some foreign brands have begun to settle in Developed Cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen in China. Take, for example, the 3 mm thick cork wall decoration material produced in Portugal is now sold in the Chinese market: it costs 180 yuan per square meter.
2.4, cork oak is an important economic timber forest species. Wood is tough and wear-resistant, straight grain, water and moisture resistance, slightly coarse structure, is an important material, can be used for construction, cars, boats, furniture, sleepers and so on. Acorn starch content is high at 51.83%, and has the uniqueness that other starches do not have, acorn starch contains 80% amylose, corn and other major starch sources in the amylose is not more than 30%, amylose can be made into high strength fibers and films, which is very beneficial to the application of starch to make degradable mulch film or disposable hygiene products. The use of acorn starch to produce a variety of special foods, such as acorn vermicelli, acorn cold powder and other specialty foods are very popular. The shell bucket of the acorn cover also has a unique use function, and the oak bowl can be used to extract industrial quercetin.
2.5, cork oak is a good green ornamental tree species. The trunk is straight, the branches are wide, the canopy is majestic, the shade is like a cover, the autumn leaves turn orange-brown, the seasonal phase changes significantly, and it is very suitable for solitary planting, cluster planting or mixing with other trees.
3. Current status of Oak biomass energy industry:
Global Energy Network learned that China's first low-temperature ethanol-resistant biodiesel technology with independent intellectual property rights with acorns as raw material was successfully developed by Shaanxi Ludi Investment Holding Group Company in mid-November 2007, and the company also plans to build an industrialization project of 1 million tons / year.
At present, China's biodiesel projects mostly use woody oil plants as raw materials. This technology is to produce industrial ethanol from oak seed starch as raw material, and it is fully miscible with special energy enhancers to make biodiesel with calorific value and physical and chemical properties comparable to ordinary diesel. The biodiesel does not need to modify the engine, can be directly used in general diesel vehicles, and has the characteristics of high cold resistance, low emissions, low cost and so on.
4. Oak propagation promotion technology:
Because most of the cork oak is highly adaptable, drought-tolerant and barren soil, suitable for development in mountainous areas, there are a large number of barren mountains and wastelands available for use, do not compete with farmers for land, and do not affect grain production. And there are still a large number of suitable forest barren mountain wasteland and agricultural marginal land suitable for cultivating oak energy forests in China, so the development of oak energy forests has great potential. Many domestic scientific research units and companies are committed to the development and research of oak varieties, cultivation, terminal products, the biggest problem faced in the early stage is the breeding and reproduction of varieties, the current cork oak to seed sowing, cuttings-based, some universities use the cork oak stem segment ex vivo culture, screening out the optimal combination of suitable culture medium, promote rooting, but can not be a large number of reproduction.
Most of the cork oak is propagated by seeds, the genetic variation of offspring is large, and the infestation of acorn weevil and seeds can not be stored for a long time, while the traditional asexual propagation (cuttings) is difficult, the current survival rate of cork oak young branches cuttings is only 56%, the survival rate of hard branch cuttings is 10%, and the reproduction of excellent strains is far from meeting the needs of development. Researcher Li Changxiao invented the plant non-test tube efficient fast propagation technology using one leaf and one bud technology, to overcome all the shortcomings of conventional technology, the technology has successfully and rapidly multiplied 989 kinds of important economic plants, the following figure is the comparison between plant non-test tube efficient fast propagation technology and traditional seedlings:
By using plant non-test tube efficient and fast propagation technology to multiply seedlings on a large scale, investors can obtain a geometric increase in seedlings in a short-term investment, so that your investment can get a higher return and create higher economic benefits for you.