Yuan Yao's "Landscape Map" axis 100-year-old pension conditions and environment
Xu Wenning
One of Yuan Yao's "Landscape Maps" axis, silk, color, collected at the Academy of Fine Arts of Tsinghua University. At the top left of the picture, the author writes a poem inscribed: "A hundred-year-old man talks about the old things, and a window of new green tries new tea." When the blessing was clear in front of him, he reported to the mountain monk to send flowers. The poem and scenery should be included in the painting, depicting the happy time when two old people enjoyed the scenery near the lake, cooking tea and chatting about the old things under the melting spring day. Yuan Yao not only painted well, but also wrote this poem well! Some people may say that there are too many repetitive words in the poem, in fact, this is called "word drop syntax", also called overlapping words. This technique can often be seen in inscriptions. For example, Qing Zhu Yun's "Landscape Album" "Ink dots do not have many tear points", "ink dots" and "tear dots" are stacked, and a word is changed. Qing Li Fangbin's "Wind and Rain Bell Kui Tu" "In the end people are poor ghosts are not poor", "people are poor" and "ghosts are poor" are stacked, and the word is changed. Yuan Yao's "Hundred-year-old people talk about old things, a window of new green to try new tea." In the previous sentence, "old people" and "old things", the next sentence "new green" and "new tea" overlapped, only one word was changed, which was also a word drop syntax. The method of overlapping words, with diverse forms, rich in variations, and flexible use, can increase the sense of rhythm of poetry.
It is said that the topic of 100-year-old pension has existed since ancient times. "Etiquette: The Royal System": "Where there is a pension: there are Yu clan with Yan ceremony, Xia Hou clan with a feast ceremony, Yin people with food ceremony, Zhou people cultivating and using it at the same time." For example, the idiom "pension begging" is that the people in power prepare wine to ask the respected elderly for advice. Today we look at this painting, talk about the conditions and environment of Yuan Yao's Qing Dynasty centenarian pension, and whether we can find some pension knowledge for modern people.
The first sentence of the poem inscribed with this painting, "A hundred-year-old man talks about the old things", says that people must have a companion in their twilight years.
The painting depicts a pair of elderly people, one wearing a Confucian hat and a red robe, and the other with a square scarf and a plain wide coat. There is a folk saying that young couples come to each other for a long time. But there are really not many people who can really come together and drive the crane to the west. Therefore, people should find a friend in their social circle of friends. It doesn't matter how much, it's important to have a friend who can speak easily. This friend is best to be a former friend, so that the party can have a conversation together. When people reach twilight, memories often occupy the time of day. Therefore, it is best to have an old friend who can talk together! Of course, modern people also have a lot of year-old friends. For example, I am with my wenbo teacher, Mr. Wang Yiyu, who is the same as my father. In the daily small talk for 7 years, I unconsciously spent many happy times with the old man, and at the same time, I also learned a lot of valuable knowledge and saw many rare porcelain, jade, calligraphy and paintings. Nowadays, I am also close to the ancient, and there is also a small friend who often comes to see me, accompanies me to eat a bowl of long fish noodles, and discusses the topic of small wealth and peace together, which is very fast!
The second sentence of the poem, "A window of new green to try new tea", refers to the method and environment of the elderly.
The poem uses the perspective of "one window" to observe the distant mountains and the mountains connected to the nearby lake, making the calm lake appear more remote and far-reaching. The canvas is not large, but the word "one window" closely connects the nearby hillside and the lakeside, making the picture vast and playing a role in painting a small scene. Imagine that in such a place rich in oxygen ions, can it not be a good place? Of course, it is difficult for modern people to have such luxury at home, but this sentence prompts a concept of "vision and oxygen enrichment". We can often go to such a scenic place, perhaps a very good choice for the elderly; or hang a landscape painting at home, add a negative ion generator, maybe forget about the landscape between the mountains and rivers can make up for one or two?
"New Green Trial New Tea" revealed the time of the painting in the spring. The courtyard houses are contiguous, with high eaves at angles, four towering ancient pines adjacent to each other inside and outside the wall, and the branches and branches are curved and looped from the ground, and the forest is as shady as a cover. In the courtyard, the peach blossom branches are red, and the leaves are green and new, showing a rich spring light in the mountains near the lake. In the painting, a small child stands behind the old man in red, holding the old man's crutches, the old man sits crossed his legs, when he is the owner of this garden, the old man who sits on the opposite side and sits overlooking the lake and mountains should be a guest with more convenient legs and feet than the owner. Southern Dynasty Song Wuzi's poem "Spring Grievances": "The spring light is too unintentional, peeping out the window to see the ginseng." "It's about the brightness of spring that can't be stopped." Old people, why don't you go out and walk around? Jun did not see Yuan Yao's centenarians going out for a walk, not to mention the travel and traffic safety of modern people, they should move around more! Otherwise, it really responds to the Qing Dynasty scholar Li Yu's "Intention in the Middle Edge: Refusing concubines": "I am only afraid of this limited spring light, the downwind can blow over, the headwind can not blow, and then the festival is remorseful." ”
New Green Try New Tea In the spring season, a "try" word is the biggest interesting thing. To try is to test the water, to test the water temperature of the tea soup. Many people who appreciate this painting say that a child outside the gallery in the painting is boiling new tea in the fan oven, which is actually a mischaracter, boiling water instead of boiling new tea. (Song) Su Shi's "Poem of Sencha with Water in the River" Yun: "Living water must also be cooked with live fire, and the fishing stones from the front are deeply affectionate." The big scoop stores the moon back to the spring urn, and the small scoop divides the river people's night bottle. The snow milk has been fried at the foot, and the pine wind suddenly makes a sound of diarrhea. Dry intestines are not easy to ban three bowls, lying down to listen to the length of the mountain city. "It's about a new tea method of cooking with living water and a live fire at different temperatures." Another mood of the word "try" is tea tasting. Spring tea in the morning, in the incense. After experiencing a winter, a new season of green leaf tea, Qingming one to the end, a cup of that taste seems to follow the footsteps of spring, looking at the traces of the years, tasting the five flavors of life, every bite of acquaintance, has a faint Zen meaning. As soon as modern people drink tea, they will talk about the tea ceremony. In fact, there are too many modern business atmospheres to join here. With too many so-called tea ceremonies, it feels too unnatural to drink tea. In particular, some merchants have compiled a set of tea ceremonies, and the wisdom of their preaching is not really wisdom, but some shallow conceit. The real "tea" will not be stored in it, but will only make people smell a trace of copper money stinky greed on the money associated with tea parties and tea props.
So what is the real tea ceremony? Or to borrow (Song) Su Shi's "WangjiangNan" to say: "Spring is not old, the wind is thin and the willows are oblique." Try to watch on the transcendent stage, half a trench spring water a city of flowers, smoke and rain dark thousands of homes. After the cold food, the wine woke up but consulted. Hugh thinks of the old country, and will try new tea with new fire, and poetry and wine will take advantage of the old age. In the spring twilight, the smoke and willows and rain, the scenery is pleasant, above the corridor in Yuan Yao's pen, Xuan is open and wide, quiet and leisurely, the lake breeze is gentle, and the two elderly people sit opposite each other, with a leisurely attitude, and are talking happily in the column, a good picture of leisure and joy. It is in line with the third sentence of the poem with the inscription, "When the blessing is clear in front of you". Its essence is the true meaning of the tea ceremony for the elderly, just as the so-called "poetry and wine take advantage of the age", or as Chairman Mao's poem said, "complaining is too grand to prevent intestinal breakage, and the wind and things should be looked at for a long time".
It is not a bad thing for the elderly to shoot lonely, and sometimes a little harassment, but it is better to have a little economic self-discretion. The last sentence of the inscription poem reads, "And the monk from the mountain came to send flowers." "It's about a mountain monk carrying a basket of flowers and knocking on the door with his head up. Mountain monks will not come in vain to send flowers, but will visit the benefactor back and forth to re-incarnate the fate. If the centenarian does not have a little financial resources, or the children are not mixed well, and there is no money to often receive one or two, I am afraid that you do not have the money to try it, and see if the mountain monk can not come! I remember a 93-year-old who forgot to tell me that when people are old, they must leave some coffin money for themselves, children can't count on it, they have a little living money, don't look at people's faces, this can be done with a wide heart. However, the verse ends with a mountain monk, and there is a wonderful point that is the same as the painting. That is, mountain monks travel around, and they must accept new things more than centenarians. The elderly are taboo to sit still, to have new sources of information, to enrich their own bloodline, and to try to keep their hearts beating with the pulse of the times. Therefore, when people are old, they must live to understand, first of all, as Bai Juyi said in a poem: "Within a hundred years of life, the heavens and the earth are temporarily in shape." Taicang a millet, the sea a duckweed. If you can live and die and enter a higher realm, then as the Buddha said, "If you are born a hundred years old, you can't live the Law of Birth and Destruction, it is better to be born for a day, but to see it." The so-called Confucius Yun: "When you hear the Tao, you can die at night." Maybe this is the "tea ceremony" that foreshadows this painting.