Beihai [běi hǎi]
Prefecture-level city in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Beihai, alias "Zhucheng", is a prefecture-level city in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, beihai city was established in the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was successively subordinated to Qinlian Special District of Guangdong Province (first stationed in Beihai City and then stationed in Qinzhou Town), Qinzhou Special District of Guangxi Province (governed by Qinzhou Town and Lianzhou Town), Hepu Special District of Guangdong Province (governed by Lianzhou Town), and Qinzhou District of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (governed by Qinzhou Town). It is located at the southern end of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and on the northeast shore of Beibu Bay.
Beihai is one of the earliest foreign trade ports and the starting point of the maritime "Silk Road", and has historically been one of the main commodity distribution centers for overseas trade between Yunnan-Guizhou, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan and Hubei provinces. It is 206 kilometers northwest of the capital Nanning, 198 kilometers east of Zhanjiang, Guangdong, and 147 nautical miles southeast of Haikou City, Hainan. The terrain is generally high in the north and low in the south, the terrain is flat and open, the climate belongs to the oceanic monsoon climate, with typical subtropical characteristics, under the jurisdiction of 3 districts, 1 county, a total area of 3337 square kilometers. According to the data of the seventh population census, as of 00:00 on November 1, 2020, the permanent population of Beihai City is 1853227 people.
Beihai is an important starting port of the ancient "Maritime Silk Road", a national historical and cultural city, an important constituent city of the Guangxi Beibu Bay Economic Zone, the only coastal city in western China to be listed in the first batch of 14 coastal cities further opened to the outside world, and the only city in western China that also has a deep-water seaport, all-weather airport, high-speed railway and highway.
In November 2018, it was selected as one of the top 100 cities in China's comprehensive well-off index. In 2020, it was selected as "2020 China's Top 100 Most Suitable Counties and Cities for Real Estate". Beihai is a Chinese Internet celebrity city, and in 2020, it was selected into the "2020 Top 100 Internet Red Cities List". From 2020 to 2021, it was awarded the Top Ten Beautiful Cities in China in 2020. In 2020, Beihai's GDP was 127.691 billion yuan, down 1.3% year-on-year.
Chinese name: Beihai
Foreign names: Beihai (English), Bwzhaij (Zhuang), Pakhoi (postal pinyin)
Alias: Zhucheng
Administrative division code: 450500
Administrative district category: Prefecture-level city
Region: South China
Location: Southeast coast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Area: 3337 km2
Sub-districts: Haicheng District, Yinhai District, Tieshan Port District, Hepu County
Government office: Haicheng District, Beihai City
Telephone area code: 0779
Postal code: 536000
Climatic conditions: subtropical oceanic monsoon climate
Famous attractions: Beihai Silver Beach, Weizhou Island, Beihai Old Street, Xingdao Lake, Shankou Mangrove Forest Nature Reserve
Airport: Beihai Fucheng Airport
Train station: Beihai Station, Hepu Station
License plate code: Gui E
Gross Regional Product: RMB127.691 billion (2020)
GDP per capita: RMB 78,821 (2019)
Population: 1853227 (zero permanent population as of 1 November 2020)
Livable influence No.64 National double-support model city National garden city
Attractions: Beihai Old Street, Beibu Bay Square, Xieyang Island, Xingdao Lake Tourist Area
Key cultural relics protection units: Hepu Han Tomb Group, Tuas Pavilion, Beihai Modern Architecture
Origin of the name
Beihai City became a city later, and the classics are rare, but the place names of Weizhou in the territory have long been seen in the "Jiaozhou Record" of the Jin Dynasty. From the founding of the county in the Qin and Han Dynasties to the beginning of the liberation, the Beihai area has always belonged to Hepu County; the establishment of Beihai City has begun to be seen in the Ming and Qing dynasties, but this piece of red soil, which belongs to the barren corner of Yanfang, has been on the map of China as early as 3,000 years ago. Before Beihai City has an independent construction of the book, it should be based on Hepu County, and the source of the shu is clear. Those who cannot be examined, or those who do not examine, listen to them and do not lose indiscriminately.
History
Qin
Hepu County is called Baiyue or Yangyue. Qin Shi Huang 33 (214 BC) "South to take the land of Baiyue" "Qin and the heavens, slightly fixed Yangyue, placed guilin, Elephant, Nanhai three counties", Hepu belongs to Xiang County. From the third year of Hu Hai of the Qin Dynasty to the fifth year of the Western Han Dynasty (207-112 BC), Zhao Tuo, a lieutenant of the South China Sea, established the State of Nanyue, and Hepu belonged to the territory of the State of Nanyue.
Chinese
In the sixth year of the Western Han Dynasty (111 BC), the State of Nanyue was destroyed, and the seven counties of Nanhai, Cangwu, Hepu, Jiaojiao, Jiuzhen, and Nichinan were placed at the same time, and the prefecture was subordinate to Jiaozhou, and in the fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (106 BC), the prefecture was changed to the Jiaotong Thorn History Department. In the eighth year of Jian'an (203) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Hepu County had five counties: Hepu, Xuwen, Gaoliang, Linyun, and Zhuya. Beihai belongs to Hepu County, Hepu County.
Three kingdoms
In the seventh year of Wu Huangwu (228), Hepu County was changed to Zhuguan County, Tong County Hepu County was dissolved into Zhuguan County, and in the fifth year of Chiwu (242), Xuwenjing was placed in Zhuya County. In the second year of the Taiyuan Dynasty (252), Zhuguan County was restored to Hepu County, and the five counties of Hepu, Zhuguan, Changping, Pingshan, Lianshan, and Liandao were subordinate to Jiaozhou. Beihai City successively belongs to Hepu County, Zhuguan County, and Hepu County, Hepu County.
advance
In the second year of Jin Taikang (281), the world was divided into nineteen prefectures, jiaozhou was one of them, and Zhuya County was incorporated into Hepu County, Prefecture Tong County was seven, and county fifty-three. Hepu County: Hepu, Nanping, Poison, and Zhuguan, with Xu Wen of the former Zhuya County, and Hepu County dissolved into Dangchang County (present-day Rong County). Beihai belongs to Hepu County.
Southern dynasties
In the first year of the Song Dynasty (420), Hepu Commandery was still subordinate to Jiaozhou. Yuan Jia nine years. (432), he set up the three counties of Songshou, Songguang, and Anju (present-day Qinzhou), and at the same time, he placed Linzhang County under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou. In the seventh year of the Tai Dynasty (471), Linzhang County of Guangzhou, Hepu and Songshou Of Jiaozhou, and the six additional counties of Bailiang, Longsu, Anchang, Nanliu, Yongning, and Fuchang were established as Yue Prefectures. Hepu County is unified into the seven counties of Pu, Xuwen, Zhuguan, Dangchang, Zhulu, Jinshi and Xin'an. Beihai belongs to Hepu County.
In the first year of Qi Jianyuan (479), Hepu Commandery (合浦郡) ruled Xuwen , with Songshou Commandery (宋寿郡) of Yue Prefecture (越州) under jiaozhou , and Songguang County (宋廣郡) was replaced by Songguang County , which was subordinate to Hepu County ; Linzhang County had seven counties, namely Zhangping, Dancheng, Laoshi, Rongcheng, Changshi, Duhe, and Suiduan, all of which were in present-day Hepu and Pubei counties. In the sixth year of Yongming (488), Hepu County was restored to Hepu.
Liang and Chen Liang Tianjian from the first year to Chen Zhenming's third year (502-589), the former Jiaozhou County was "abolished and separated, invincible". Jiaozhou had seven counties and a large number of counties, so that the prefecture at that time was "not as wide as the previous county", mixed with Yuezhou, Linzhang and other counties, so it was difficult to point out that the counties of Jiaozhou in Liang and Chen Er dynasties were difficult to point out in stages, and Beihai belonged to Hepu County.
Sui
In the ninth year of the kai emperor (589), Hepu Commandery was abolished and Yue Prefecture was established. In the first year of Daye (605): Yue Prefecture was changed to Lu Prefecture, and in the third year of Daye (607), Hepu County was re-established as Hepu County, which belonged to Yang Prefecture and TongXian Eleven, of which Hepu, Fengshan, and Longsu Counties were in the territory of present-day Hepu and Pubei Counties. The county borders the present-day Leizhou Peninsula and the city of Yulin. Beihai belongs to Hepu County.
Tang Dynasty
In the fourth year of Wude (621), Hepu Commandery was placed in Yue Prefecture,000 in the following year, and the following year it was set up as the Governor's Office of the Prefecture, which was soon changed to the Governor's Mansion and Unified Yue Prefecture. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Lingnan Province was set up as an envoy and handed over to the governor's office. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Yue Prefecture was changed to Lian Prefecture. In the first year of the Tulu Dynasty (679), it was transferred to the Governor's Mansion of Annam. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Hepu Commandery was reinstated. In the first year of the Qianyuan Dynasty (758), it was restored to Lianzhou, and it was still under the Jurisdiction of Annam (the New Book of Tang as the "Governor's Mansion of Rongzhou, Lingnan Province"). Since Zhenguan, the prefectures and counties have been more frequent and frequent, but the territory of Beihai Belongs to Hepu County has remained unchanged.
Five dynasties
In the first year of the Southern Han Dynasty (917), Lianzhou Hepu County was placed in Changle Prefecture, and three counties of Bodian, Zhilu, and Yanchang were placed under the jurisdiction of Lianzhou Tong County, and there were four counties of Hepu, Fengshan, Cailong, and Dalian. In the third year of Dabao (960), Hepu County was changed to the capital of Meichuan, and 8,000 troops were stationed along the coast to specialize in pearl mining, and the name of Meichuan was determined. Beihai successively belonged to Hepu County and Meichuan Prefecture.
surname
In the fourth year of Kaibao (971), the three counties of Fengshan, Cailong, and Dalian were merged into Hepu County; Changle Prefecture was withdrawn, and Shikang County was placed under the jurisdiction of the former three counties of Bodian, Zhilu, and Yanchang, which belonged to Lian Prefecture. In the same year, lianzhou, which was originally stationed in the old prefecture, was moved to Changshachang (present-day Shunta Village, Shikang Town). Beihai belongs to Hepu County.
In the eighth year of the Taiping Revival (983), Lianzhou was placed under the jurisdiction of the Taiping Army, stationed in Haimen Town (present-day Lianzhou Town), and Merged hepu County was merged into Shikang County, and Beihai was under the jurisdiction of Shikang County of the Taiping Army.
In the first year of Xianping (998), the Taiping Army was withdrawn, Lianzhou and Hepu Commanderies were restored, and the counties of Pu and Shikang were unified, under the jurisdiction of Guangnan West Road and Lianzhou Zhihaimen. Beihai belongs to Hepu County.
Yuan
In the fifteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1278), Huguanghang Zhongshu Province was established, and Hepu County was set up as the Lianzhou Road Pacification Division, and in the seventeenth year (1280), the Lianzhou Road Governorate was changed, which was subordinate to the Xuanwei Division of Haibei Hainan Province. In the 28th year (1291), the Department of Suzheng Lian visiting the Haibei Hainan Province was reorganized, and the two counties of Hepu and Shikang were re-established as before. Lihu Guangxing Zhongshu Province. Beihai border belongs to Hepu County.
bright
In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Huguangxing Zhongshu Province was dissolved into Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, and Lianzhou Road was changed to Fu, leading the two counties of Hepu and Shikang. In March, it was subordinated to Guangxi Province, and in April it was transferred to Guangdong Province. The Beihai territory belongs to Guangdong since then. In October of the seventh year of Hongwu (1374), the capital of Lianzhou was demoted to Lianzhou, and Shikang County, a native of Pu County, was withdrawn. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Qinzhou was demoted to a county, which belonged to Lianzhou with Lingshan and belonged to Leizhou Prefecture. In May of the fourteenth year of Hongwu (1381), Fulian Prefecture was made the prefecture and Qin County was the prefecture. Lianzhou prefectures lead the three counties of Hepu, Lingshan, Shikang and Qinzhou.
In the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), Shikang County was withdrawn and merged with Hepu County, and LianZhou was as old as before. Beihai belongs to Hepu County.
At the beginning of Hongwu Dynasty, the coastal areas of Wukou were plagued by troubles, and from the west of the boundary of Shicheng (present-day Lianjiang County), there were eight villages in the coastal area to defend against Wu, followed by Chuanjiang Village, Longcun Village, Tibu Village, Zhuchang Village, Baisha Village, Wu Dao Village, Longtan Village, and Guli Village, which were under the jurisdiction of Zhuchang Zhai (present-day Nankang Town), which was stationed in the middle of the patrol, and was historically called "Zhuchang Eight Villages" or "Eight Villages of Defense against Kou", and the territory of Beihai City was divided into Longtan and Guli Erzhai Defense Area.
Beihai has a township capital (grassroots administration) system, which has not been examined since the Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there were three villages and qinghe townships, the three villages townships had jurisdiction over the two districts of present-day Haicheng and Yinhai (partial), and the three maps of Qinghe Township had jurisdiction over the present-day Tieshan Port District.
clear
In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the establishment and subordination of Lianzhou Capital remained unchanged. In the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888), Shengqin Prefecture was directly subordinate to the prefecture, Fangcheng County was under the jurisdiction, Lianzhou Prefecture was unified with Pu and Lingshan Counties, and in the twentieth year (1894), Weizhou Island, which belonged to Suixi County, was under the jurisdiction of Hepu. In the thirty-second year (1906), Lianqin Road was established, and the capital of Lianzhou and Qinzhou were unified. In August of the third year of xuanun (1911), Lian Qin Dao added to the Qin Lian Military Government, and the prefectures and counties remained unchanged. At the same time, the Beihai Autonomous Association was established, which belongs to Hepu County, the capital of Lianzhou.
At the beginning of the Kangxi Dynasty, the Beihai Town Logo was set up, stationed in Beihai, and the name of the Beihai place was first seen. The Eight Villages of The Pearl Farm were relocated to the Pearl Field Village, and the Water Division was stationed to inspect and inspect. In the eighth year of Daoguang (1828), Guangdong Province held regimental exercises, and Hepu County was divided into sixteen regiments and fifty-three bureaus, and the number of bureaus under each regiment varied. Beihai is the jinghai regimental district, which has jurisdiction over the three bureaus of Beihai, Weizhou and Gaode, and the Tieshan Port District belongs to the Pearl River regimental district. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the inspection of the pearl field was moved to Beihai, which belonged to the inspection department of the pearl field in Hepu County, the capital of Lianzhou.
Republic of China
In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the whole territory of Guangdong was restored, the Lianzhou capital was abolished, and the Qinlian Military and Political Branch of Guangdong Province was established, which was also renamed the Qinlian Appeasement Office, stationed in Qinzhou, and had jurisdiction over the former Lianzhou capital. At the same time, an autonomous association was established in Beihai to exercise municipal authority, with jurisdiction over Yangjiashan (qianti township) in the north and Xicungang in the east; it was divided into the third and fourth administrative districts, with Gaode's eastern part belonging to the third district and the western area belonging to the fourth district.
In the 3rd year of the Republic of China, the Qinlian Appeasement Office was abolished, and the Qinlian Road was re-established, and in 9 years, Hepu County was directly under Guangdong Province. Beihai is a city under the jurisdiction of Hepu County.
In the 15th year of the Republic of China, the Beihai Municipal Preparatory Office was established, and the city system was directly under guangdong province. The previous grass-roots administration remained unchanged along the Jinghai regimental and bureau structure. At this point, the Jinghai Regiment Bureau was abolished. In November 2017, the Municipal Preparatory Office was withdrawn and returned to the jurisdiction of Hepu County. In 19 years, the Southern District Appeasement Office was set up, stationed in Maoming, Hepu County was under the jurisdiction, and Beihai belonged to Hepu County.
In the 20th year of the Republic of China, Hepu County was divided into autonomous regions, Beihai City belonged to the second district, the district governed Beihai, the district north to Yangjiashan, east to Fucheng, and had jurisdiction over three towns (Beihai, Gaode, Weizhou) and five townships (Haixi, Haidong, Gaobei, Gaonan, Fucheng).
In October 2011, the Weizhou and Xieyang Administration Bureaus were established, which were directly under the jurisdiction of the province.
In June 22 of the Republic of China, the Weizhou and Xieyang Administration Bureaus were abolished, and they were still under the jurisdiction of Beihai City, and a public security sub-office was set up to perform the functions and powers of the original management committee, and the Beihai Municipal Bureau was set up, which was directly under the jurisdiction of Hepu County. The grass-roots political power has set up a number of autonomous regions along the old regiment bureau's jurisdiction, with a total of 52 districts. The time is very short, and you can't just touch your fingers. In 25 years, the Southern District Appeasement Office was abolished, and the Eighth District Administrative Inspector's Office was set up, with jurisdiction over the seven counties of Hepu, Qin County, Lingshan, Fangcheng, Haikang, Suixi, and Xuwen. The district office is located in Lianzhou, and the Beihai subordination remains unchanged.
In the 28th year of the Republic of China, the second district of Hepu County was changed to the fifth district, and the district was extended to Dalongwei in the north and Shibu in the east. It has jurisdiction over two towns (Beihai, Nankang) and five townships (Gaode, Fucheng, Bailong, Baiejiang, Dalongwei). The Beihai Municipal Bureau was withdrawn and the Beihai Town Office was replaced.
From the 29th to the 34th year of the Republic of China, the fifth district of Hepu County was changed to the third district, still stationed in Beihai, the jurisdiction was reduced, and the jurisdiction was four towns (Beihai East Town, West Town, NankangNan Town, North Town) and three townships (Gaode, Fucheng, Bailong). Weizhou Island was occupied by the Japanese army. Temporarily become a place of oulu. In June 1934, Weizhou Island was recaptured and became a township under the jurisdiction of Hepu County.
In the 35th year of the Republic of China, the third district of Hepu County was abolished. In 1938, the Office of the Administrative Inspector of the Eighth District was abolished. Beihai East Town, West Town, Gaode Township, Weizhou Township, Powei Township, Fucheng Township are directly under the jurisdiction of Hepu County.
People's Republic of China
On December 4, 1949, the Beihai Was liberated, on the 7th, the Northern Naval Political Committee was established, and on the 20th, it took over the former East and West Town Offices, and set up the East and West Street People's Governments, except that Weizhou Island had not yet been liberated, and the urban administration was still managed according to the jurisdiction of the old regime. In January 1950, the Guangdong South Road Special District was established, which was changed to Qinlian Special District, unifying the four counties of Pu, Fangcheng, Qinxian and Lingshan. The Special Office is located in beihai. In May, the Beihai Town People's Government was established to replace the administrative functions of the Military and Political Committee. It is under the leadership of Hepu County People's Government. In June, the township and street grass-roots political power was established, and the urban area was divided into six subdistrict offices, including Zhongshanwai Street, Zhongshan East Street, Zhongshan West Street, Zhuhai East Street, Zhuhai West Street, and Xinmin Street; and 6 township governments were set up in the suburbs, including Dongjing Township, Xijing Township, Gaode Township, Qixing Township, Haidong Township, and Weizhou Township.
In January 1951, Beihai Town was changed to a prefecture-level city, and in March, the Beihai Municipal People's Government was established, directly under the leadership of the Guangdong Provincial Government. There are three district offices in the suburbs, the first, fourth, and fifth districts, and the second district and the third district government in the urban area. In May, the four counties (including Beihai City) under the jurisdiction of the QinLian Special Bureau of Guangdong Province were transferred to the leadership of Guangxi Province, and in March 1952, they were transferred to Guangxi Province, and Beihai City changed the original 5 districts into 4 districts and divided into 22 townships and 3 towns. In January 1953, Beihai City entrusted the leadership of the Qinzhou Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the level of the province and municipality remained unchanged. Merged the first and second district governments into suburbs. The District Government of the Second District administers 16 small townships and 2 towns. Retained the third district government, with jurisdiction over 3 townships and 1 town. The municipal government was renamed the First District People's Government and had jurisdiction over 6 residents' committees. The three townships of Baojia, Pingyang and Juntun were assigned to Hepu County. On July 1, 1955, Beihai was restored to Guangdong Province, and the original provincial municipality system remained unchanged and was transferred to the leadership of the CPC Hepu Prefectural Committee. In April 1956, Beihai City was changed to a county-level city, and in July, the three townships of Baojia, Juntun and Pingyang were again assigned to Beihai.
In November 1958, Beihai City was changed to Beihai People's Commune of Hepu County, and Beihai Municipal People's Government was renamed Beihai People's Commune Management Committee. Communes and grassroots reformed the division and regiment system. In June 1959, the establishment of Beihai Commune was abolished, and Beihai was changed to a county-level town, under the jurisdiction of the Zhanjiang Special Bureau; the original regiments were changed to four communes: Fishery, Suburbs, Weizhou and Town. In February 1960, the Water Transport Commune was established. In April 1961, the commune system was adjusted, and the 5 communes were adjusted to 8: Town, Xitang, Gaode, Dijiao, Waisha, Xiantian, Weizhou, and Water Transport, with a total of 74 production brigades.
In October 1964, the county-level city system of Beihai was restored. In June 1965, Beihai City was transferred to the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and was under the jurisdiction of the newly established Qinzhou Commissioner's Office.
In 1979, the Overseas Chinese Fishery Association was established, which is a township-level organization. In 1980, the Beihai Municipal People's Government was restored, and the county-level city remained unchanged. In October 1983, the prefecture-level city system of Beihai City was restored, under the direct leadership of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In September 1984, the commune was abolished, the district and township (town) system was restored, and 2 districts were set up in Haicheng and suburban areas; Dijiao, Xingang (formerly overseas Chinese fishing commune, later renamed Qiao Gang Town), Weizhou 3 towns; Gaode, Xitang and Xiantian 3 townships.
On July 1, 1987, Hepu County, which was formerly part of Qinzhou District, was designated as a county under Beihai City.
In December 1993, Xitang Township and Xiantian Township, which belonged to the suburbs, were changed to townships.
In February 1995, the administrative division of Beihai City was adjusted: the suburbs were abolished, and Yinhai District was established, and Hepu County belonged to Fucheng Town; Tieshan Port District was added, and the two towns of Nankang and Yingpan of Hepu County were added to the jurisdiction, and Xinggang Town was added; and the administrative area of Haicheng District was expanded. The administrative division of Beihai City is divided into 1 county and 3 districts.
Administrative divisions
As of July 2018, Beihai has jurisdiction over Haicheng District, Yinhai District, Tieshan Port District and Hepu County, with a total of 23 townships, 7 subdistricts, 341 villages and 86 communities. Beihai Municipal People's Government is located at No. 2, East 2nd Lane, Haicheng District.
