Author Nanzhou
Edited by Nine
On July 1, 1903, a young man from the Concession Patrol House voluntarily surrendered.
The patrol room was surprised, because they rarely encountered such a thing.
He said loudly to the patrol, "I am Zou Rong, who wrote the Revolutionary Army, and I specially surrendered myself!" ”
At first, the patrol did not believe it, and Zou Rong saw that the patrol did not believe it and said, "Don't you believe it?" You bring the Revolutionary Army, and I'll recite it to you! ”
This is a scene of the famous "Su Report" in modern history.
The protagonist of this scene is Zou Rong, who was posthumously awarded the title of "Army General" by Sun Yat-sen and later praised by Mao Zedong.
In 1885, the year Zou Rong was born, the artillery fire of the Sino-French War had just stopped. Chinese people and the Qing Dynasty were in the same waters.
The Zou family is a huge wealthy merchant in Ba County (Chongqing), and when Old Master Zou has money, he thinks that he must have power, and when he is older, he pins his hopes of seeking an official and a half-job on his sons.
Old Master Zou named Zou Rong Guiwen, and the harmonic pronunciation valued literature, and intended to send him to study as an official.
Zou Guiwen entered the school at the age of 6, could write articles at the age of 9, read the Nine Classics such as "Zhou Yi" and "Book of Poetry" at the age of eleven or twelve, and never forgot the "Book of Han" and "History of History", and his intelligence was superior, and the more He looked at it, the more he liked it.
But children prefer to read miscellaneous books and like to study carving, that is, they are not concerned about the examination. The gentleman who taught him was very dissatisfied, but he was well aware of the young master's temperament and did not dare to attack.
I have to ask: Have you memorized the scriptures taught yesterday?
I've memorized it for a long time!
Teenagers recite gushing. The teacher's questions are also answered fluently.
The old gentleman had no choice. Take people's money to teach people, children learn to succeed, and other things can't be managed.
In 1895, the Qing court was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War, and the Treaty of Maguan slapped Chinese hard, and at the same time, the opening of treaty ports also brought foreign merchant ships, factories, and foreign firms...
The old master of the Zou family began to lament: it was becoming more and more difficult to buy and sell. Why is the imperial court so useless? Even little Japan can't beat it!
Complaining is complaining, but Old Master Zou feels more and more that there should be an official in the family.
In 1897, when Zou Guiwen turned 12, he followed his eldest brother to participate in the Boy Scout Examination (the first phase of the Examination).
Because the test questions are strange and strange, the text is not meaningful, and some candidates, including Zou Guiwen, want the examiner to explain the meaning of the questions.
Zou Guiwen said with a straight face: "If we don't understand the questions, how can we take the test?" Are you an exam question, or an essay?! ”
The examiner had never seen or heard of such a candidate, and was angry on the spot, and wanted to send someone to hit him with twenty large plates.
The guilty person should be you, why hit me?!
Zou Guiwen, 12, looked down on the examiner and strode away from the examination room.
When he returned home, he said to his father: "The stinky eight strands are unwilling to learn, and the full field (referring to the Qing Dynasty examination room) is unwilling to enter." What is the use of the name of the world? ”
Zou's father saw that the child was too strong and was afraid of future disasters, so he decided to send him to the Chongqing Jingxue Academy, hoping that the Confucian master Lü Yiwen would be able to tame this wild horse.
However, Zou Guiwen was in the academy "pointing to the heavens and the earth, not Yao Shun, Bo Zhou Kong, and nothing to avoid" and "attacking Cheng Zhu and qing Confucian doctrines, especially the body is not complete", Lü Yiwen was afraid of him, so he expelled him.
In 1898, the year of the Restoration Movement was unpredictable, today the emperor met with the minister of law change, and tomorrow the minister of law change was dismissed, and the situation was the same day by day.
One day in early autumn, Zou Guiwen came home from outside, crying, and the eldest brother asked anxiously what was wrong, and Zou Guiwen cried: Tan Sitong was beheaded at the mouth of the Beijing Caishikou!
The eldest brother knew that his younger brother had admired Tan Sitong since childhood, and it was useless to persuade him, so he had to let him cry enough on his own, and only told him not to let his father know that he should be angry again.
The foreign devils can't fight, and it is useless to change the law, so that China will soon die, and the more 13-year-old Zou Guiwen thinks about it, the more sad he is, and he simply cries.
After crying, he cut a picture of Tan Sitong from the restoration newspaper and wrote a poem on the back:
Hehe Tanjun Gu / Xianghu Zhi Qi Decline / But Hope for the Latecomer / Inherit the Zhi Do Not Be Ash
After writing, I felt that it was not enough, and then framed the portrait and hung it next to my seat.
Perhaps it was also from this day that Zou Guiwen became more and more explicit in his desire to break away from the weak and incompetent and decaying Qing Dynasty, determined to find a correct path for the national homeland in his heart.
In the summer of 1901, 16-year-old Zou Guiwen told his father that he was going to study in Japan.
In that year, the Eight-Power Alliance captured Beijing, and the Treaty of Xinugu humiliated Cixi and frightened her.
In order to maintain its dying rule, the Qing government began to implement a "new policy" centered on the training of the new army, the reform of the official system, and the revitalization of schools. Sending students to Japan is seen as a quick way to cultivate New Deal talent.
From 1901 onwards, the Qing government vigorously encouraged young students to study abroad, and promised to return from studying abroad to be rewarded with meritorious names and awarded official positions.
Staying in Japan and returning to be an official, Father Zou had no reason to stop him.
"I was 16 years old and wanted to learn advanced technology abroad and come back to serve the country."
The managing official understood serving the country as serving the imperial court and praised the 16-year-old teenager.
"I just want to choose someone like you, who is both smart and loyal to the imperial court," he said, patting Zou Guiwen's shoulder.
But when the list was announced, there was no Zou Guiwen's name.
It turned out that during the official admission investigation and political trial, Zou Guiwen's rebellious words and deeds of boycotting the examination and withdrawing from school were reported to the governor Yamen, saying that he was unruly and inevitably opposed to the imperial court in the future.
The government issued an assertion that he was "clever and not prudent", and removed him from the list of public funds to stay in Japan.
Old Father heard that Zou Guiwen could not go, but he was also happy (at that time, there were not many people who were willing to go abroad, afraid of being westernized). Unexpectedly, Zou Guiwen, who had made up his mind that no one could change it, decided that if he could not go at public expense, he would go at his own expense.
Zou Father was unwilling to spend ten thousand dollars, and he didn't say anything about spending money, and no one was in charge of it in the sky, afraid that his son would have to break into trouble.
Zou Guiwen soaked softly and hard for three or four days, but it was still ineffective, so he began a hunger strike to protest. Father Zou was so angry that he said: No one is allowed to take care of him, I don't have this son!
But within three days, just when Zou Guiwen was dizzy with hunger, Zou Guiwen actually agreed. It was still the mother who did not take care of things in her daily life that played a role. The mother does not care about anything, and once she wants to take care of it, she wants absolute authority.
In the spring of 1902, after about half a year of preparatory study at the Shanghai Cantonese Dialect Hall, Zou Guiwen crossed east to Japan and entered the Tongwen Academy in Tokyo.
During this period, he eagerly read a large number of new books, such as the bourgeois Enlightenment thinker Rousseau's "The Theory of the Civil Covenant", Montesquieu's "The Essence of All Laws", John Müller's "TheOry of Freedom", and the history books of the French bourgeois revolution and the American Revolutionary War.
Japan's booming momentum of development has made a group of intellectuals in Japan begin to realize that if the country wants to develop, it needs to revolution first. The revolutionary activities of students studying in Japan are on the rise.
Zou Guiwen officially changed his name to Zou Rong, which means that his appearance has changed and been reborn, and he has actively participated in the student revolutionary movement.
In 1903, Zou Rong and Chen Duxiu cut the braids of Yao Wenfu, a student sent by the Qing court, and made a lot of noise with the same literary academy.
Yao Wenfu has always been extremely harsh on students with revolutionary tendencies, and a pair of thief's slippery eyes are always staring at students, which is really annoying. A shiny and slippery braid behind the head, swinging around like a tail, how to dress up can not get rid of the slave face.
After Zou Rong arrived in Japan, he naturally became a thorn in Yao's eye, because he gave a speech and counted the crimes of the Qing court, and was forced by Yao Wenfu to move out of the guild hall.
On the evening of March 1903, Yao Wenfu was caught by students and committed adultery.
The supervision of the hall students is so vulgar! The students caught Yao Wenfu furious:
We usually gather and give speeches, all for the sake of patriotism and national salvation, but you say that we are not good things, and you take the people's hard-earned money to do something wrong, what is your ethos?
The students shouted that yao Wenfu was going to be killed, frightening him into begging for forgiveness.
Zou Rong said: "Indulge Ru head, do not spare Ru hair", so "by Zhang Ji hugged the waist, Zou Rong held the head, Chen Duxiu waved the scissors, slightly expressed the hatred of cutting the hair instead of the head", angrily cut off his braid, hung on the beam of the international student hall, next to which was written "Nanyang student supervisor, international student public enemy Yao moumou braid".
Afterwards, Yao Wenfu accused Zou Rong to Cai Jun, the Qing government's minister in Japan, and Zou Rong left Tokyo and moved to Osaka at the advice of his friends.
A friend met him at the Osaka Expo and told him not to stay any longer to avoid humiliation, and then he set off from Osaka to return to Shanghai.
This incident was later written by Lu Xun in "The Story of Hair".
After Zou Rong returned to Shanghai, he lived in the Patriotic Society founded at the call of Cai Yuanpei.
At that time, Feng Jingru, a comprador in Guangzhou, joined the British nationality and had just set up a National Assembly Office in Shanghai, hoping to recruit Zou Rong. Zou Wei asked, "You are British, and this National Council is Chinese?" Or the British? ”
Feng Jingru couldn't help but be ashamed, and the matter had to be stopped.
In 1903, the Russians refused to withdraw their troops from the northeast, and on April 25, 300 or 400 people from all walks of life in Shanghai held a rally in Zhangyuan to reject russia and oppose the Qing.
On May 24, Zou Rong took the stage to give a speech in Zhang Yuan, bold and fierce words directly hit the heart, and the applause on the scene continued to ring.
A middle-aged man could not help but appreciate Zou Rong after the speech: Young man, good ambition!
This person is Zhang Taiyan.
Because of his criticism of Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei's reform proposition of "only changing the law and not opposing the Qing", the title of "The Theory of Zheng qiu manchu" was too dazzling, and finally attracted the attention of Inspector Enming of Jiangsu. Helplessly, in order to avoid the pursuit, Zhang Taiyan had to go into exile in Japan.
In 1903, when Zhang Taiyan returned from Japan, his political stance became increasingly revolutionary. Zhang Yuan's series of lectures will make Zhang Taiyan famous and become a well-known ideological scholar in Shanghai Beach.
Zou Rong and Zhang Taiyan saw each other as they were, this year, Zhang Taiyan was 36 years old, and Zou Rong was 18 years old.
Zhang Taiyan was very appreciative of Zou Rong and did not let Zou Rong call him Mr. But instead called each other brothers.
Zou Rong may not have thought that this year-old turn is even more a life-and-death relationship.
One day Zou Rong got up early for a walk, walked to the door of Zhang Taiyan, heard no movement in the house, thought that the eldest brother did not get up early today, and then walked in and found that the bedding on the bed was neatly folded.
Zhang Taiyan struggled to write on the desk near the window, and the ashtray was full of soot.
Haven't slept all night, busy writing what? Zou Rong leaned over, Zhang Taiyan turned the first page of the manuscript, and the "Book of Refuting Kang Youwei's Revolution" was impressively printed into Zou Rong's eyes.
To make a revolution, we must first take the position of speech.
When Zou Rong was in Japan, he had already begun to write many manuscripts, and with the encouragement of Zhang Taiyan, he immersed himself in finalizing the manuscript and passionately completed the nearly 20,000-word "Revolutionary Army", which comprehensively discussed the revolutionary issues at that time in 7 parts from the aspects of politics, scholarship, ethics, morality, and religious customs in ancient and modern China.
At the end of the book, Zou Rong indulgently shouted: "Long live the Republic of China!" Long live the freedom of the 40,000,000 compatriots in the Republic of China! ”
Signed "Pawn in the Revolutionary Army".
After the "Revolutionary Army" was written, Zou Rong was worried that his words were too simple, and asked Zhang Taiyan to revise it.
Zhang Taiyan praised his words as bright and vivid and inspiring, "just like this"! The preface was made and given a high evaluation in the preface.
Liu Yazi suggested printing it into a pamphlet for a single edition, and at the end of May, the "Revolutionary Army" was published in a single edition, becoming the earliest single-line revolutionary book in Shanghai. At that time, it was the first of all revolutionary books and periodicals to be distributed, and the circulation spread throughout the southern provinces, and foreigners in Shanghai competed for translation.
Lu Xun, who was studying in Japan at the time, once said: "... A thousand other words probably can't match the "Revolutionary Army" made by Zou Rong, a pawn of the revolutionary army who is shallow and straightforward. ”
Just at this time, the circulation of the "Su Bao" edited by Zhang Shizhao was not ideal, so he solemnly hired Zhang Taiyan, Zou Rong, and other people with radical ideas to publish articles full-time, and on the other hand, Zhang Taiyan's "Book on Refuting Kang Youwei's Revolution" and Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army" were published in the "Su Bao" together.
Zhang Taiyan's "Rebutting Kang Youwei's Book on Revolution" and Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army" were published together, one criticizing the royalist and the other propagating the revolution. One is elegant and deep, and the other is popular and fluent.
An old and a young sister, a moment widely spread into a good story. The circulation of the "Su Bao" also rose sharply, becoming a fiery position for propaganda revolution.
As the popularity of the "Su Bao" rose and the revolutionary ideas were trumpeted, it soon caused great panic in the Qing government.
As early as the end of May and the beginning of June, there were already rumors circulating in the society that the Qing court wanted to arrest people, and the Western newspaper "Zi Lin Xi Bao" once published news revealing that the people the Qing court wanted to investigate were one of Hanlin, one of whom was a person, one of whom was a businessman, one of whom was Shamen, and one of whom had resigned.
It actually refers to Cai Yuanpei, Chen Fan, Huang Zongyang, Zhang Taiyan, Feng Jingru and Wu Zhihui.
Wei Guangtao, the governor of Liangjiang, ordered Yu Mingzhen, an alternate dao of Jiangsu, to go to Shanghai on a special trip, and together with Yuan Shuxun of the Shanghai Daotai, he banned the Patriotic Society and the Su Bao.
Wu Zhihui received news in advance and informed everyone to seize the opportunity to transfer immediately, in which Cai Yuanpei left Shanghai to avoid pursuit and arrived in Qingdao.
Only Zhang Taiyan did not think so, scolded Wu Zhihui for having no bones, and refused to flee.
On June 30, Zhang Taiyan was arrested at the Patriotic Society.
Zou Rong was originally hidden by Zhang Ji in the home of a Western missionary in Hongkou, but on July 1, he received a letter written by Zhang Taiyan in prison, unwilling to be a "deserter", and immediately went to the concession patrol house to automatically surrender.
On the 7th, the "Su Bao" was shut down.
The Qing government demanded that Zhang and Zou be extradited to Nanjing in order to put them to death. However, it was opposed by all sectors of society.
On December 24, the Qing court changed the sentence to Zhang and Zou and sentenced them to life imprisonment and sent them to Shanghai Tilanqiao Prison to serve their sentences.
The "Su report" caused a sensation throughout the country.
Due to the strong opposition of all parties to the Qing court's verdict, the verdict was re-sentenced from three interrogations before and after his arrest until May 21, 1904.
It was agreed that Zou Rong would be imprisoned for 2 years and Zhang Taiyan would be imprisoned for 3 years, punished by hard labor, released and deported after completing his sentence, and the sentence would be counted from the date of arrest.
At this time, there were still 2 years left before Zhang Taiyan was released from prison, and Zou Rong had 1 year left after completing his sentence.
The foreign jailers at Tilanqiao Prison treated the prisoners very fiercely. Zou Rong was indignant and indignant, so that he was able to resist the heat and leave sperm.
Zhang Taiyan said to Zou Rong: You have always been not good at sounding, nor are you close to women, and now you do not dream and lose sperm, you are too angry and hurt your body, you should suppress anger, otherwise you will die if your illness worsens.
In the first month of 1905, Zou Rong continued to have a low-grade fever, often cursing in the middle of the night, and did not remember it until dawn. People are becoming emaciated and trance-like.
Zhang Taiyan, who understands Chinese medicine and knows that he is ill in yin, asks the jailer to let him prescribe medicine for Zou Rong's pulse diagnosis, but is rejected, asking to call a doctor, and does not agree.
Zou Rong was ill for 40 days, and in the middle of the night on February 29, 1905, he died in prison at the age of nearly 21.
At about 10:00 a.m. the next day, Zhang Taiyan hugged Zou Rong's corpse, whose "hip flesh was gone, and the skin and bones were empty" and was filled with grief.
There was an uproar inside and outside the prison. It is said that foreigners poisoned Zou Rong.
Five hundred people are imprisoned, and more than three-tenths of them die each year from ill-treatment, starvation, and cold. Zhang Taiyan angrily denounced the prison as "second only to killing people with poison."
On April 3, 1905, the righteous soldier Liu Jiping (Liu San) was not afraid of zhu lian, and transported Zou Rong's body out of the Tilan Bridge, where he was buried in Huajing, Shanghai, and guarded for generations.
The former second generation of officials Tan Sitong's change of law of "I smiled at the sky from the horizontal knife and went to leave the liver and gallbladder for two kunluns" was invited to go to prison from the beginning of the second generation of the rich zou Rong, who was "a pawn on the horse in the revolutionary army."
"For the sake of sacrificing more ambitions, dare to teach the sun and the moon for a new day"
It is precisely because of these pawns who serve the country and the people and are willing to throw their heads and sprinkle blood that we have a magnificent Chinese history and a Zhengzheng China that dare not be humiliated by outsiders today!
reference:
Shanghai Xuhui District Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Office wrote a series of comic strips entitled "Zou Rong, a former pawn in the revolutionary army"
Shanghai Archives Information Network "Modern Shanghai Wind and Cloud Record No. 7 - Su Report"
Zhang Taiyan's Biography of Zou Rong
Author | Nanzhou
Typography | Small foam
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