Yaoshan white goat is an excellent breed in China, but also a leading breed of sheep industry in Lushan County, the main production area is The Sikeshu Township of Lushan County, distributed in 12 townships (towns) such as Zhao Village, Beizi, Xiatang, Yaoshan, Wawu, Cangtou, Tuancheng and Sikeshu in Lushan County.
Yaoshan white goat is a goat population found in the western mountains of Lushan County in the 1982 census of agricultural regional livestock and poultry resources, when there were 5800 Yaoshan white goats in the county, and there is no exact historical evidence of its origin;
However, its birthplace, Sikeshu Township, has an ancient temple with a history of more than 600 years, And its earliest stone stele, "The Great Qing Jiaqing Five-Year (1800) Stele", records in the inscription: "Seventy miles west of the county, there is an annu name known as Wenshu, in the ridge of The Sheep, the top of the mountain";
It shows that the local goat has a long history of existence, and the goat is the dominant livestock in the birthplace, which is a new breed of meat goat suitable for grazing in the hilly hills of our province after more than 30 years of selection and breeding under the action of long-term natural economy and agricultural production conditions. Compared with other goat breeds, it has the characteristics of large individuals and thick limbs, and the local people are commonly known as "Lushan beef leg goats".
In May 2009, the National Livestock and Poultry Resources Appraisal Committee officially named the sheep breed "Yaoshan White Goat" through the field investigation of the sheep breed in Lushan, and confirmed it as a national and local excellent breed.
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Lushan ox-legged goats are white in coat, shiny, strong in physique, thick in bones, full of muscles, rectangular in the side view, and almost cylindrical in the face; rams have horns (90.69%), mainly inverted eight-spin type, waxy yellow, nose bridge bulging, small ears erection; short and thick neck, good shoulder and neck combination; broad chest, flat back waist, compact abdomen, full posterior body muscles; thick limbs, strong hooves; tail cone-shaped, short and small.
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Lushan beef leg goats grow and develop faster, with an average initial weight, male lambs 2.25 kg, female lambs 2.09 kg, 2 months old weaning weight of 11.3 kg and 10.5 kg, daily weight gain of 151.0 g and 140.2 g; by the age of 6 months, the body height, body length and bust circumference of rams and ewes can reach about 80% of the adult sheep body size. Around 6 months of age is the second peak of weight gain after birth, and after that, mainly due to breeding reasons, the weight gain rate slows down, so that by the age of one year, the weight of male and female sheep accounts for only 59.65% and 65.26% of adults.
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1.3.1 Meat production performance
Lushan beef leg goat has good meat production performance, 12-month-old carcass weight ram 26.3 kg, ewe 25.3 kg, slaughter rate of 54.73%; net meat rate of 43.08%; thigh muscle thickness of 4.23 cm, waist muscle thickness of 3.34 cm; meat-to-bone ratio of 6.32:1; eye muscle area of 12.35 cm2.
1.3.2 Plate quality
Lushan ox-legged goats contain the locust goat gene, which is known for its skin, thus maintaining good plate performance. Due to the large size, the skin area increases accordingly. The 2-month-old sheepskin can reach the standard of Hankou goat plate skin grade A leather surface, with an average of 5507 cm2 for 6-month-old rams, 7789 cm2 for adult sheep, and a maximum of 11760 cm2.
The skin texture is good, delicate and firm, the tensile strength is high, and the elongation is large, especially the skin of sheep aged 6 to 12 months is preferred (Table 2), and the skin slaughtered in late autumn and early winter is the best. The thickness is uniform, elastic, suitable for the production of various types of leather products, fully in line with the quality requirements of Hankou goat plate skin export.
1.3.3 Lactation performance
Lushan beef leg goat contains genes of dairy goat breeds such as Saneng sheep, so lactation is strong, and the average nest weight of the whole nest of 3 lambs in one litter is 25.29 kg at the age of 2 months. A small number of fetuses who give birth to 3 lambs and 4 lambs also have enough milk for the lambs to breastfeed.
According to the milking determination of 3-6-year-old ewes, the average milk production in the 6-month lactation period is 178.23 kg (range 119~255kg), and the peak of milk production occurs on the 20th to 30th lactation days, and the highest daily milk production can reach 3.1kg. Moreover, the milk quality is good, the taste is free, and the dry matter and fat content are high.
1.3.4 Reproductive properties
Lushan ox-legged goat ewe has early sexual maturity, and there is a manifestation of the initial love period at 3 months of age, but the ewe suitable for breeding is 6 to 8 months old, the breeding period is about 6 years, the estrus cycle is about 18 days, the estrus duration is 1 to 2 days, the pregnancy period is 145 to 155 days, and the postpartum estrus time is 20 to 40 days; the ram is 12 to 18 months old, and the utilization period is about 5 years.
The average lambing rate of the large population is 189.57%, of which 203.7% are ewes, and the proportion of their multiple lambs (more than 3 lambs) can reach 12.99%.
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Lushan ox-legged goats are physically strong and have strong feeding power, and can complete 5 to 7 feeding cycles per day. The physiological norm was measured as follows: average 18 breaths per minute, body temperature 38.7#, heart rate 77 times/min, food mass chewing 56 times/pc, rumen peristalsis 2.0 times/min.
It does not have high requirements for breeding management conditions, suitable for about 80 herds, but also suitable for small group breeding, grazing for 10h a day, no need for concentrate, sheep grow well.
Because the sheep is bred in the mountainous area at an altitude of 1200~1800m, it has formed the biological characteristics of good climbing slopes, likes to eat high grass, has strong feeding ability and hardiness and extensive feeding, and has a wide range of adaptation. The mortality rate is not high during the wintering and grass-less period, with only 1.95% of adult sheep and 10.25% of nursing lambs.
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