Recently, the news about parasitic diseases caused by true and false salmon and sashimi has raised the attention paid to foodborne parasitic diseases, which can be said to be a good thing to some extent.
In recent years, raw and semi-raw seafood and meat foods have been sought after by people, and foods such as roasting, grilling, and shabu are loved by people. Because these foods themselves are infected by parasites during growth, or contaminated by parasites during processing and production, but because the cooking temperature is not enough to kill the parasites, the infection rate of "urban people" who were rarely infected with foodborne parasites in the past has increased significantly.
There are many types of foodborne parasitic diseases
Parasitic diseases are infectious diseases caused by a pathogenic low eukaryotes. Its distinctive feature is the need to survive and reproduce in the host it is parasitized. Foodborne parasitic diseases, as the name suggests, are parasitic diseases caused by infection by eating food and water contaminated with parasites.
There are many kinds of parasitic diseases that infect people, and there are more than 30 kinds of foodborne parasitic diseases in humans. According to the type of food, it can be divided into meat (pig, cattle, sheep, horse muscle or internal organs) parasitic diseases, such as toxoplasmosis, meat spore disease, trichinellosis, cysticercosis (cysticercosis), etc.; fish and shrimp (freshwater fish and shrimp are more common, marine fish can also occur) parasitic diseases of origin, such as liver fluke disease, edo nematode disease, heterocephalus nematode disease, etc.; spirant parasitic disease, such as Guangzhou tube strongyloid disease, etc.; frog-derived parasitic disease, such as Meng's split-headed worm disease; crab (including cockroach i.e., crayfish) pathogenic parasitic disease, Such as pulmonary trematodiasis (concomitant trematodiasis), aquatic plants (water chestnut, rhombus, cocoon white) of pathogenic parasitic diseases, such as ginger flakes disease, liver trematodiasis, etc.; insects (ants, fleas, beetles, cockroaches) of origin parasitic diseases, such as Cyriebell tapeworm disease, short membrane shell tapeworm disease, canine re-hole tapeworm disease and pig meganococcosis; other foodborne parasitic diseases, such as snake-borne tongue worm disease, insect cockroach-transmitted pancreatic broad disc fluke disease.
In the past, foodborne parasitic diseases were mostly seen in rural or economically backward areas, and foodborne parasitic diseases in rural areas were greatly reduced due to activities such as changing water and toilets. Now, due to the change of cooking and eating habits, the infection rate of foodborne parasitic diseases in some economically developed areas has shown a significant upward trend, and outbreaks have also occurred in some cities. For example, the outbreak of Tube Rotylloidiasis in Beijing in 2006 was caused by eating raw and half-raw Fushou snail meat.
The rate of misdiagnosis of parasitic diseases is high
Different parasitic infections and different periods of parasitic infections, the clinical manifestations are different. Early and minor infections are often less noticeable, and symptoms from chronic infections are usually related to specific organs infested by parasites, showing damage to the corresponding organs, but with a high rate of clinical misdiagnosis. The following are several foodborne parasitic diseases that are mainly prevalent and harmful in China.
Floral testicular fluke disease
Clonorchidis cysticers parasitize the muscle tissues of freshwater fish and shrimp, and almost all freshwater fish and shrimp can be infected. People are infected by eating uncooked freshwater fish or shrimp containing Cysticercetes sinensis, such as eating sashimi, grilled fish, etc.
And breed trematodiasis
Concomitant fluke cysticers are found in the muscle tissues of freshwater crabs and cockroaches. In the processing of river crabs and cockroaches, due to insufficient temperature, insufficient time or excessive thickness of fish meat, all cysticers cannot be killed and infected, or infected by eating raw or half-raw river crabs and cockroaches. In addition, drinking raw water containing cysticer can also be infected.
Guangzhou tube roundworm disease
Infection occurs by eating raw or uncooked Fushou snails, field snails, etc.
cysticercosis
Patients with taeniasis are the main source of infection, mainly through the consumption of undercooked pork (rice pork) or vegetables and water contaminated with taenia eggs.
Toxoplasmosis
The source of infection is mainly felines. People are infected by eating undercooked meat products, eggs and milk containing Toxoplasma gondii, and can also be infected by contact with soil and water contaminated with eggs through broken skin and mucous membranes.
Schizocephalic mansonii disease
Eating raw or underripe frog meat, snake meat, pork, etc. can infect Schizothorax mansonii. For example, China's folk have the bad habit of swallowing live frogs to treat boils and pain, and some areas have the custom of eating tadpoles to treat skin diseases.
Echinococcosis
Also known as Echinococcosis, it is caused by two species of tapeworms in the genus Echinococcus taenidae, namely Echinococcus echinococcus spinosa and Echinococcus multilocere. Hydatid disease is mainly endemic in the western agricultural and pastoral areas of China, of which Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and western Sichuan are the most serious.
Giardiasis of the Blue family
People get infected by drinking food or water contaminated with bags, and insects such as flies and cockroaches can become vectors of transmission.
The clinical manifestations of foodborne parasitic diseases lack specificity, and the diagnosis is mainly based on the epidemiological history, that is, the history of eating underripe meat, fish, crabs, cockroaches and other foods, combined with the patient's clinical manifestations and corresponding laboratory tests. Once parasitic disease is diagnosed, the patient needs to take antiparasitic drugs according to the doctor's orders.
Keeping your mouth shut is the focus of prevention
Foodborne parasitic diseases focus on prevention. Personally, the focus of foodborne parasitic disease prevention is to prevent the disease from entering the mouth.
1. Improve self-awareness of disease prevention, change and abandon poor hygiene and eating habits.
2. Raw seafood should be cautious. Raw fish is frozen at -20 ° C for 7 days, or frozen at -35 ° C for 15 hours before eating, do not eat without freezing, let alone eat freshly fished.
3. Do not eat raw or unheated meat and aquatic plants, food should be cooked, cooked thoroughly before eating. In the highland area, pay attention to the cooking temperature and time, and choose foods from reliable sources.
4. Resolutely do not eat wild animals.
5. Do not drink raw water, do not eat unclean food, vegetables should be washed and fried, melons and fruits should be thoroughly rinsed or blanched, peeled and then eaten.
6. The cutting board, knife and container of raw and cooked food should be separated.
7. Insist on washing your hands correctly before meals and after going to the toilet.
8. Do not feed raw fish and raw meat to cats and dogs. Wash your hands and disinfect them after close contact with your pet.
In addition, the government management department should increase the safety management and supervision of the food industry in the catering industry, prevent food from being contaminated by parasites from the source, production, circulation, sales and other links; strengthen the fecal management and safe water supply in areas where parasitic diseases are endemic, do not fertilize with fresh manure, put an end to human and animal manure pollution of water sources, and disinfect the drinking water of residents.
Pay attention to management
Text/Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University
Chief physician of the second department of infection, Jiang Rongmeng
Editor/Guan Zhongyao
Original Statement: The above is the original work of "Health News", if it is reprinted, it must be authorized by this newspaper.
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