The names of small songs in China vary from place to place, such as wine medicine, wine cakes, white yeast, rice yeast and so on.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > definition of a small song</h1>
They are made of rice flour or rice bran as raw materials, some add a small amount of Chinese herbal medicine or spicy indigo powder as an accessory, some add a small amount of white clay as a filler, followed by a certain amount of matrix, and an appropriate amount of water to make a blank, under the condition of controlling temperature and humidity, cultivated because of its small curved volume, so it is customarily called "small koji".
Xiaoqu was originally the use of wild root mold, naturally cultivated on rice flour, and the use of a small amount of Chinese herbal medicine to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria; and later developed into inoculation of a small amount of mother song, after long-term generational cultivation, continuous purification and domestication, so far it has been close to pure breeds, such as Xiamen Baiqu, Guizhou bran Koji and other sweet wine koji Production has reached the level of pure seed mechanization production.
Xiaoqu is a saccharification fermentation agent for the production of Xiaoqu liquor, which has the dual role of saccharification and fermentation, and can also be used to produce rice wine Xiaoqu liquor is solid or semi-solid fermented wine. Small koji, which is mainly based on the growth of microorganisms such as root mold and yeast, has a stronger saccharification force than daqu, breeds faster, and uses less koji when brewing, and is widely used in southern China.
Koji is rich in glycases and liquorases, and the microorganisms contained in Koji are mainly mold and yeast. Mold generally includes roots, Mucormycetes, Aspergillus aflex, Aspergillus niger, etc., and the main root (Rhizopus) root mold is algal bacteria, mucormycetes, mucormycetes, root mold is a single-celled microorganism, hyphae do not have a diaphragm, borrowing sporangia spores for reproduction.
The traditional xiaoqu cultivation process is a set of methods summed up by the working people after hundreds of years of repeated practice, which has a certain scientific principle and technical level, and still has important value today.
(1) Use the rice flour that is most suitable for the propagation of root mold as raw material;
(2) The cultivation method of solid koji grain is conducive to the propagation of root mold and yeast, and is conducive to the preservation of koji seeds;
(3) Continuously select excellent songs, and adopt the method of generational transmission to ensure the quality of small songs;
(4) Choose the production in July, August and September that is suitable for the breeding of koji, without special equipment and insulation facilities;
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > classification of small songs</h1>
China's Xiaoqu winemaking has a long history, due to the different brewing processes, so there are more varieties of Xiaoqu.
According to whether Chinese herbal medicines are added or not, it can be divided into: medicinal koji and no medicinal koji;
According to the raw materials for koji making, it can be divided into: grain koji (rice flour) and bran koji (all or part of rice bran);
According to the shape, it can be divided into: sake koji pills, sake koji cakes and loose koji;
According to the use, it can be divided into: sweet wine koji and liquor koji.
In particular, Sichuan Qionglai rice yeast and bran qu, Xiamen baiqu, Guilin liquor ququ, Cantonese liquor koji cake and so on are more famous.
Through practice and scientific verification, when preparing koji, it is possible to make a good quality koji with little or no Chinese herbal medicine. At present, the pure-bred herbless koji made of pure root mold and yeast, or the loose koji made of bran as raw material, have good results and are major advances in the production of koji. The concentrated sweet liquor produced by deep ventilation fermentation is greatly improved compared with the old french liquor, and a large number of grain raw materials are saved, which has opened up a new way for the liquid method production of Xiaoqu.
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