01 What is a microorganism?
Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and some small protozoa, a large group of organisms, individuals are small and closely related to human life. Widely involved in health, medicine, industry and agriculture, environmental protection and many other fields. Microbials generally refer to all the tiny organisms that cannot be seen or seen clearly by the naked eye, and there are also large fungi (mushrooms, ganoderma lucidum, etc.), most microorganisms are small and simple in structure, and usually use optical microscopes and electron microscopes to see clearly. Microorganisms are widely present in nature, up to tens of thousands of meters in the air, down to several kilometers underground, in addition to volcanic eruptions and other open fire areas, there are microorganisms. Our human body is a huge microbial bank, which is mainly distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, reproductive organs, mouth, nose and throat.
02 Microbes are closely related to our lives
Microbiology and food. Stinky tofu that smells and smells good, as well as curd milk, sweet wine stuffing, yogurt, soy sauce vinegar and other spices, tempeh are all masterpieces of microorganisms. Various alcoholic fermentations use saccharomyces cerevisiae, and fungi such as rhizome are also used in sweet wines.
Microbiology and health. A very small number of microorganisms cause disease, and these microorganisms are called pathogenic microorganisms or pathogens. Pathogenic microorganisms and humans are engaged in a long and complex struggle, pathogenic microorganisms through continuous reproduction, mutation and evolution, enhance their virulence or pathogenicity, is the culprit of human diseases.
Microbes and energy. Energy can be produced using microorganisms, such as methane-producing bacteria, ethanol-producing bacteria, hydrogen-producing bacteria, biodiesel-producing bacteria and fuel cell microorganisms are all energy microorganisms. Compared with non-renewable petrochemical energy, microbial production energy has the advantages of economic and environmental protection, renewable and recyclable.
Microbiology and contamination remediation. Microbial contamination remediation is a green, sustainable remediation technology with safety, non-destructive and economic advantages. For example, oil spills pollute soil and water bodies, causing damage to the ecological environment, and the use of microbial agents can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in soil and water bodies into carbon dioxide and water, and quickly complete recovery.
03 Environmental safety management of microbial fungal agents for environmental protection
✔ What is an environmentally friendly microbial agent?
"Refers to one or more microbial strains (strains) isolated and purified from nature and obtained through natural or artificial breeding (without genetic modification) and applied to ecological environmental protection and pollution prevention and control" (Guidelines for environmental safety evaluation of microbial agents for environmental protection HJ/T415-2008).
"Refers to one or more microbial strains that are isolated and purified from nature or obtained by modern biotechnology means such as artificial breeding, and are mainly used for water, atmosphere, soil, and solid waste pollution detection, treatment and restoration." ("Measures for the Administration of Environmental Safety of Microbial Fungi for Import and Export for Environmental Protection" Decree No. 10 of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of 2010)
✔ What are the application areas of microbial fungal agents for environmental protection?
Garbage biological treatment, sewage treatment, livestock and poultry aquaculture, biological deodorization, river treatment and other aspects are used to varying degrees.
✔ Legal and Regulatory Basis
Shanghai Municipal Environmental Protection Regulations (effective as of October 1, 2016)
Article 52:The Municipality strengthens the environmental safety management of microbial fungal agents used for environmental pollution control and ecological environmental protection. The microbial agent provider shall conduct an environmental safety assessment of the microbial agent provided. Units carrying out environmental safety assessments shall have the ability to classify microorganisms, detect characteristics, and conduct research or evaluation on environmental protection, and conduct evaluations in accordance with relevant technical guidelines. Microbial agent application units shall use microbial agents that have passed environmental safety assessment.
Article 79:In any of the following circumstances, in violation of the provisions of Article 52 of these Regulations, the municipal environmental protection department shall order corrections within a time limit and impose a fine of between 10,000 and 100,000 yuan;
(1) Where the microbial bactericide providing unit fails to conduct an environmental safety assessment to provide the microbial bacteriological agent;
(2) The microbial bactericide application unit uses the microbial bacteriological agent that has not passed the environmental safety assessment without authorization.
Editor: Zhang Yujie