<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the late Yuan and early Ming dynasty painter Ma Wan, whose poems, books, and paintings were "three absolutes"</h1>
Ma Wan (?) —1378？ Painter of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Zi Wen Bi, the number of Lu Blunt Sheng, irrigation gardener. A native of Qinhuai (present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu), he lived in Songjiang for a long time. There are Zhi Festival, Gong Shi Shan Painting, Poetry Gong Ancient Song Line, Painting Long Landscape, Official to Fuzhou County Shou. Good at painting landscape figures, gong poetry can be booked. Poetry and painting are called "three absolutes". Landscape and water far away from the master Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Mi Fu, close to huang Gongwang, pen and ink clear, flat and wide, unique framing. He is also good at painting characters, gong poetry, calligraphy, and is known as the three best, which is quite prestigious. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he lived in seclusion, and Hongwu left Fuzhou in the third year (1370). In his early years, he learned "Spring and Autumn" from Yang Weizhen, and his poems were also influenced by it. Yang Ji valued his paintings, so his reputation was very high, "the Three Wu people bought them with heavy gold". The 500 articles he composed were summarized as "The Collection of Irrigation Gardens", with a preface by Berjun, but there is no copy of it. His life deeds can be found in the "West Lake Bamboo Branch Collection", Pei Qiong's "Preface to the Irrigation Garden Collection" (Qingjiang Collection, vol. 7), and "After the Hermitage of the Yunlin Forest" ("Qingjiang Collection", vol. 13).
Ma Wan's model landscape painting style Huang Gongwang is obvious and unquestionable, and Ming Gufu's "Spectacular Life" Volume IX "Tuhua Yuan Ma Wan" mentions him in many places as "a big idiot in scale, very wonderful", "a great fool in landscape studies", "Xuan Zai (Ming Dong Qichang) titled Zi Jiu, a real text Bizuo", "a great fool in painting, Xuan Zai with Zi Jiu title, and a real text Bi Ye". Ma Wan's teacher Yang Weizhen wrote in volume 28 of the Collected Works of Dong Weizi in the "Map of the Flute Flute on Junshan Mountain": "Shen Shengrui of Huating, tasted yu you, and had to paint the Dharma to the great idiot Daoist. ...... Or is yu feeling that in previous years, he gave the big idiot Daoist flat boat to the east and west, or took the xingxing wading into the sea, arrived at Xiaojinshan, the Daoist made a small iron flute, so that Yu blew the "Dongting Song", and the Daoist sang xiaohai (?) And, I don't know the wind and water, the boat is waving, and the fish and dragon are roaring. It shows that Yang Weizhen and Huang Gongwang were both active in the Songnan area, so the reason why Ma Wan and Huang Gongwang created a series of snow landscape paintings in the same year of the ninth year of Zhizheng is both intriguing and enough to solve it. Because of following Yang Weizhen and Huang Gongwang, the leader of the dying painting world, Ma Wan's landscape paintings are naturally fascinated. As for the reason why they were all good at painting snowy landscapes this year, Huang Gongwang had a self-awareness in the "Nine Peaks Snow Ji Map" to explain this special climatic background: "In the spring and first month of the ninth year, for Yan Gong to make snowy mountains, the second spring snow masterpiece, where two or three times, until the end of the work, it is also a miracle." The great idiot Daoist, who was eighty years old at the time, wrote this to remember the clouds of time. The case "Yan Gong" is a literati of the Yuan Dynasty, and later to the YuanJian Jiangsu often familiar with the Zhou Ban Wei Zhi table characters, Huang Gongwang or because of the friendship with him to give paintings; and Ma Wan in the same year to give the "Xuegang Du Guantu" "Yan Ming", according to the Shanghai Museum collection of Yuan Ming between the good Ren Ren Ren Fencing Horse and Du Men swinging a thousand pieces of paper, Ming Hongwu was the first to die and known for his good books, Suzhou Song Ke's "Cursive Tang Song Scroll" self-knowledge: "In March of the twentieth year of Zhizheng (1360), Yu visited Xu Yanming, a friend of Yunjian, and was very long.50. Yan Ming used the scroll to restore the Tang dynasty song. However, drunk under the lamp, smeared arbitrarily, ugly and dewy, Hu can escape the fingers of the people? Eastern Wu Song Kezhi. It can be seen that Song Ke's volume was written at the request of Xu Yanming; and Xu Yanming, who was in the clouds between the clouds, was suspected to be the object of Ma Huan's gift of the "Yukioka Degree Guantu". The "Index of Biographical Data of Yuanren" was examined by a large number of people with the character "Yanming", among whom Zhang Dezhao, Zi Yanming, Xingtai Ren, and Zhizheng were Yin of Huating County; while Xu Yanming was not listed, and the details of his life, background, and relationship with Ma Wan remained to be examined. There are three people who are suspected of the same name "Yanming" given by Ma Wan, whether it should be Xu surname Zhang, and whether it is Xingtai Zhang Dezhao or Fuli Zhang Yanming, all of which are left for further investigation.
In the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1348), Gu Ying's Yushan Caotang in Kunshan Jiexi became one of the concentrated places for literati in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to feast and sing, and Ma Wan, Yang Weizhen, Zhang Yu, Ni Zhan, Tan Shao and others often visited the appointment. In the two poetry collections "Yushan Caotang Poems" and "West Lake Bamboo Branches" compiled and printed that year, ma Wan's poems were written. The "West Lake Bamboo Branch Words" said that he "has a few aspirations, poetry and ancient songs, and special paintings, but they are all the result of his heavenly posture."
"Xuegang Crossing Map" Yuan Ma Wan Silk ink pen, length 125.4 cm, width 57.2 cm. Collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing.
This picture is a snow landscape, depicting the lofty mountains and mountains are covered with snow, the cliff head is vaguely dotted with short bushes, there are trees and water pavilions between the valleys, the snow and fog smoke are scattered between the cliffs, at the foot of the mountain, the long pine is still green and tall, and the whole picture exudes a desolate and desolate atmosphere. This kind of snow painting method is completely based on Huang Gongwang's "Nine Peaks Snow Ji Map", the painter uses the white texture of the silk cord to dye the sky and water surface with light ink, and lightly outlines the outline of the scene with ink pen, showing the crystal transparency of the snow scene. Self-knowledge "Yukioka Degree Pass, Wenbi for Yan Mingzuo".
"Qiao Xiu's Seclusion Map" Yuan Ma Wan Light color on silk 119.9x57.8 cm Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China
"Qiao Xiu's Secluded Residence Map" vividly expresses the weather of the snowy mountains and forests with a relaxed tone, and is a fine work in Ma Wan's landscape paintings. The painting is composed in a lofty way, depicting a magnificent view of the mountains after the snow in the middle of winter. In the picture, the snow-covered high ridges, cliffs, and flat hills are layered and staggered; the old pine at the foot of the mountain stands proudly; on the lower left side of the mountain road, a hermit returns from snow appreciation, riding a donkey up the stairs, and there are two servants following him; there is a house in the middle of the mountainside, which may be the hermit's residence; the back and upper part of the house, from the gap between the higher cliffs, gushes out - a waterfall, falling straight down... The weather is clean and quiet, solemn and cold.
"Qiao Xiu's Secluded Residence Map" is concise with pens, with few pens and more smudges. The part of the sky and water is rendered with light ink; the part of the mountain stone is combined with the combination of drawing and dyeing, first using loose and flexible lines to outline the outline and structure of the mountain stone, and then blending it with different shades of ink to make it beautiful and empty. This treatment method appropriately shows the feeling of the crystal clear and crystalline stone of the snowy mountain, which is very artistically appealing. Ma Wan's landscape paintings learned a lot from Huang Gongwang, not only specific techniques, such as the method of mountain stones, the point method of moss dots, etc., but also in the idea of painting, directly influenced by him. For example, this "Qiao Xiu's Secluded Residence Map", from the idea to the composition, is very similar to Huang Gongwang's "Nine Peaks Snow Ji Map". The same form, the same picture, but Huang Gongwang's artistic treatment means are more sophisticated, and the "Nine Peaks Snow Ji" portrayed is like a fairyland on earth. In Ma Wan's pen, the scenery becomes trivial, tends to be lifelike, and the picture is also much livelier. This is precisely because the artistic perception and ideological realm of the two are different.
"Twilight Cloud Poetic Intention" Yuan Ma Huan Ink on paper 95.6 cm in length and 56.3 cm in width Shanghai Museum
The "Poetic Intention of Twilight Cloud" is self-titled: "Twilight Cloud Poetry (Lishu), to the beginning of the ugly leap July Looking at the Sun Ma Wei Bi works". The lower plutonium "Lu Blunt Sheng" White Text Square Seal, "Ma Wan Wen Bi Seal" Zhu Fang Square Seal. He was ugly in the ninth year of the reign, in 1349 AD. The painting also has four Ming monks such as Fu (字物元) inscribed with five laws and one poem.
Appreciation of works
This picture depicts: the depths of the mountains, the scenery after the sunset rain; the layers of mountains, hidden or present, on the Pinggang Pituo, the forest is deep and beautiful, there are pavilions near the water, and the bridges across the creek are connected; the mountains are lightly moved, and the huts and cottages are hidden. The peak is lightly smeared with ochre red on the sunny side, like a reflection of the color, and nature is shrouded in light and color, and the business is full of business. There is a pavilion next to the water, and the bridge across the creek is connected to the shore. Haruka is layered and undulating, and the clouds are thick. The hill turns deep in the cottage, and the twilight is vast. The leaves are dotted with flowers and blues, giving the image a twilight atmosphere. The mood expressed is very poetic. The giant gang slope stone is layered with a solemn and soft cloak, showing a thick and majestic situation. The whole picture is on the tone of the ink hook, slightly dyed with light green, the mountain peak yang face is stained with thin ochre, the gangluan slope stone painting master Chengdong Yuan, the dye is round and thick, but the distant mountains and the forest are more ink horizontal points, from the Mi's Cloud Mountain system. The whole picture is based on the ink hook, covered with a faint green, the peak of the sunny mask stained with ochre, showing the subtle change of light and color of the mountain under the sunset, which is Ma Wan's unique style of work.
"Chunshan Qingji Picture Scroll" Yuan Ma Wan, Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China
"Spring Mountain Qingji". In the painting, the mountains are layered and protruding, the forests are long and standing, the clear stream is meandering, the fishing boats are shaking, the mountain village pavilions, the winding paths are connected, the moist pen and ink, and the grass and trees of the earth are experienced. Title: "Chunshan Qingji (楷書)." In 1366, when the spring moon was looking at the sun, Ma Wenbi painted it in shushengzhai ( ) . "In 1366, Bing Wu (1366) went to Huang Gongwang's "Gengyin" (1350) inscription in "Fuchun Mountain Residence", and only a distance of 15 years. Mountains meander, streams twist and turn, and people swing boats through them. The sandbar is lined with trees, and the mountains are lush with trees, and the structure is beautiful and deep. The mountain stone is densely packed with long cloaks, and the style of writing is close to Dong Yuan and Juran. The full-frame structural method is probably derived from Yuan Huanggong's "Wangfu Mountain Residence Map", such as the shape of the main mountain peak in the close-up view, a column of hills in the distant mountains, the near one is light and far away, and the near one is thick, and the use of the wrinkle method, the line is smeared, almost the same as the "Fuchun Mountain Residence"; this "Spring Mountain" is not necessarily reminiscent of the same painting "Fuchun Mountain Residence"...
"Qiulin Fishing Boat Map" Yuan Ma Wan, on paper, 92X38cm, National Palace Museum, Taipei, China
Above Tao Jiucheng lishu zhiyun. Rou Zhao's Beach August Look. Mr. Yu Shiyuan Shisun passed Yang Weng. Leave the drink for days. Burn incense and sip tea. Elegant on the matter. Wine leftovers. A painting of a tree and stone by Weng Chu Fufeng Ma Wenbi. There is Zang Xiangqing on the bird. Ask Mr. Sun to chant. The next day the poem was completed. Ordained to be a seal. It is the book on it. Let's take this to know the clouds of time. Nancun Tao 90%. Plutonium print one. 90% of Dow. Shitang Imperial Title (Qianlong Pengwu Imperial Title. The poem is not recorded). Inscription Qianlong Imperial Title. Marvin Bi Qiulin Fishing Boat Authentic. Treasures of the Inner House. The signature is Qianlong Chenhan Yixi. Treasure Seal Five Seals. Treasure collection in the Royal Study. Treasure of Jiaqing Royal Collection. Treasure of Xuantong Imperial Palace. Appreciation of unity. No Yi Zhai Jing Jian Seal. Collect the seal of the gods. Merlin Mountain people. Tianlai Pavilion. Xiang Merlin ConnoisseurShip. De-encryption. Gourd type. Xiangzi Jingjia treasures. Play with the Family Treasure of the Lee Xiang Clan. Zi Jing Father Seal. Xiangyuan Bianyin. Merlin secret play. The seal of Xiang Molin's father's secret. The Shangshu family.
Other works:
Gu Shaohua on Sunday, September 20, 2020