"History of the Xiongnu Column Biography": "And King Wuling of Zhao also changed his vulgar hu costume, learned to ride and shoot, and broke the forest hu and Lou Fu in the north." Build the Great Wall, from the Generation and the Yin Mountains, to the highest que for the plug, and placed in the clouds, Yanmen, Dai County. "King Wuling of Zhao began to change the military system in the nineteenth year (307 BC) and rode and shot in a hu costume. Twenty-six years (300 BC) broke through the Zhongshan, and the land was extended north to Yan and Dai, and northwest to Yunzhong and Jiuyuan. Therefore, he ordered the construction of the Great Wall, from the Dai and Yin Mountains to the High Que as a plug, and set up dai county, Yanmen County, and Yunzhong County, in order to prevent the Xiongnu from plundering south. King Wuling of Zhao attacked Lin Hu and Lou Fu to the north, and the Great Wall he built from the Yin Mountains to the Gao Que Sai isolated Lin Hu in the north of the Yin Mountains. Gao Que, "Justice": "Geographical Chronicle Yun, Shuofang Linrong County north of the Lianshan Mountains, dangerous to the Great Wall, its mountains are interrupted, the two peaks are steep, the local common name is Gao Que Ye. "Water Sutra Notes • River Water" said that there is a Great Wall under the mountain, and when the Great Wall is in place, even the mountains are pierced in the sky, and its mountains are interrupted, and there is a city at the mouth of the que, and the ending across the mountain is called the high que. The original site was in the northeast of present-day Hangjinhou Banner in Inner Mongolia. The Yinshan Mountain Range was interrupted at this point, forming a gap, looking at the Gate Gap, hence the name. King Wuling of the Warring States of Zhao opened up territory to the north and built the Great Wall along the Yin Mountains to this point; Wei Qing of the Western Han Dynasty led troops out here to fight against the Xiongnu. The Northern Wei Dynasty was placed in Woye Town. Dai Commandery (代郡), the Warring States King of Zhao Wuling. Qin and Western Han Dynasties (northeast of present-day Wei County. One says that the Western Han Dynasty ruled Sanggan, now Yangyuan East). The Western Han Dynasty's jurisdiction covered the areas of present-day Huai'an in Hebei and west of Laiyuan, between the Inner and Outer Great Wall in Yanggao and Hunyuan in Shanxi, and in the Dongyang River Valley outside the Great Wall. The Eastern Han Dynasty moved to Gaoliu (高柳, in present-day northwestern Yanggao). After the Sixteen Kingdoms, Yan Jianxing was abolished in the third year (388 AD). It is bordered by the Xiongnu, Wuhuan and other ethnic groups in the north, so it is a key county in the north. There are Wuyuan, Changshan and other passes. Yunzhong Commandery (云中郡) was the seat of the Warring States Zhao Wuling King, and the Qin Dynasty ruled Yunzhong (present-day northeastern Tuoketo, Inner Mongolia). Its jurisdiction is east of the Right Banner of Tumut in present-day Inner Mongolia, south of Daqingshan, west of Zhuozi, on the south bank of the Yellow River and north of the Great Wall. The jurisdiction of the Western Han Dynasty was reduced and abolished at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the eleventh year of Emperor Han gao 's reign ( 196 BC ) , Hecheng Commandery ( Xiang Commandery ) was established in Yunzhong Commandery ( ) , and Zhicheng Le ( present-day Tuchengzi , northwest of Inner Mongolia and Linger ) , which governed the areas of present-day Yinshan , Zhuozi , Helinger , and Qingshuihe , north of the Great Wall ; the Eastern Han Dynasty moved to Shanwu ( present-day Youyunnan , Shanxi ) , and its jurisdiction was reduced to northwest , with only the present-day Qingshui River , expanding southeast , encompassing the area around present-day Youyu and the old Pinglu City in Shanxi ; the Eastern Han Dynasty was abolished; during the Sui Dynasty , Yun prefecture was changed to Dingxiang County. Ancient Dingxiang County, western Han Dynasty, ruled southeast of present-day Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and was abolished at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Present-day Dingxiang County is in the north-central part of Shanxi Province. Jiuyuan County, Zhao Yi of the Warring States, Qinzhi County. It is the seat of the Kuhara County. In the west of present-day Baotou City, Inner Mongolia. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the Xiongnu were invaded, and the counties and counties were abolished. In the early Yuan Shuo of the Western Han Dynasty, it was restored as the seat of Wuyuan County. The Eastern Han Dynasty was abandoned in Jian'an. Jiuyuan Commandery (九原郡), qin shi huang thirty-three years (214 BC) to take the Xiongnu Henan land behind. Zhijiuyuan (present-day west of Baotou City). Its jurisdiction extended to present-day Houtao, Inner Mongolia, and its east to Baotou City, to the north of the Yikezhao League on the south bank of the Yellow River. The end of Qin entered the Xiongnu, and the county was abolished. Wuyuan Commandery (五原郡), placed in the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (127 BC). Zhijiuyuan (present-day west of Baotou City). It has jurisdiction over the banners of Present-day Inner Mongolia east of Houtao, south of Yinshan, west of Baotou City, and Dalat and Jungar. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu Nandan was abolished in the last year of the Division of Zhongtun. Ancient Wuyuan County was in the northwest of Baotou City, in the Western Han Dynasty, and abandoned at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty; present-day Wuyuan County is in the eastern part of the Bayannaoer League in Inner Mongolia, on the Houtao Plain, and south of the Yellow River.
Jiuyuan is south of the Yin Mountains. Originally in Chinese, it means water source, fundamental, wide and flat land, etc., according to the Chinese interpretation, jiuyuan is nine wilderness or nine water sources. The five plains of Han are the nine plains of Qin, and somehow the nine wildernesses (or nine water sources) of Qin have been reduced to the five wildernesses (or five water sources) of Han. The "Ciyuan" explains that ZhouYuan is the Zhoudi Wilderness, and the imitation of the Nine Plains can be interpreted as the Nine Lands (or Nine People) Wilderness. Jiuji see you, Zheng Zhang Shangfang (see You) ku? (ju you), medieval keo?, Vietnamese cu; wuw doubtful grandmother, Zheng Zhang Shangfang (doubtful model) aa? (doubtful ancient), middle o?, Vietnamese ng, Wang Li "homologous dictionary" nga. Kang Monk Jiao translates u as worry (shadow you), Zhi Qian translates ku as qiu (see 宥), Middle Chinese especially 宥 for the same rhyme of Pingshang, nine can be reduced to *ku. Jiuyuan is the wilderness of the Ku people. If nine is reduced to *cu, since Kang Monk's armor translates cu as Zhou (Zhaoyou) and Gongsun Zhou = Gongsun Jiao ("Zhou" and "Gui" ancient books are false, "Gongsun Zhou" in the Twenty-sixth Year of Zuo Chuan Xianggong, "Gongsun Zhou" in "Shi ji song weizi shijia", "Gongzi Zhou" in "Shi ji jin shijia", and "Ji Xie" quoting Xu Guangyue: "one as a correction". Jie Ji sees the dark, jio "Set Rhyme" see small, "Zhou" in ancient times when the mother is seen), then jiuyuan is Zhou yuan. Ghost (see micro) kul? (Ju Wei), medieval kui?; Zhou *cul is ghost *kul also; Jiuyuan is ghost yuan, Zhou Yuan. An Shigao translates gn as Yan (doubtful deletion), and the five Tibetan-Burman language families are basically a/o. The vowel of the ancient *ka sound of the Hu is changed to the mother of doubt, that is, the five-fold [(doubtful model) waa (五胡), the middle o] yu [(doubtful) wa (encounter), the middle u]. Ancient *ka embellishment plus flow tail r is karma * kar (Zheng Zhang Shangfang (see moon) kad (ju exhausted), Kang monk armor translation kar is karma (see moon), medieval kyad, Vietnamese ht, kit), vowel transliteration is suspected mother is the moon * ar [(doubtful month) od (fish 厥), medieval yad, Vietnamese nguyt], karma and yueshi since ancient times are natives living in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, China. 義yì疑寘,郑張尚芳(疑支)rals(宜寄),中古es,Vietnamese ngha,Wang Li 'homologous dictionary》 ngiai. Zhiqian translates kin, k as wing (trial), (v) ba as Pi (helper, banglia), zhiqian translates pre as xueli (來寘, laiji), and zhiqian translates ri, l, li, and Kang monks as re (來支, 來寘, Lai Ji, "Ji Yun" thoroughly known). Since there is no doubt about the mother in Old Chinese, the ancient sound of righteousness can be imitated as *ger, *gar, when it is homologous with Hu Xia. If the vowel of the yizi is imitated as a, then the pronunciation of "righteousness" will be the same as the pronunciation of "five", at which point Wuyuan is the field of righteousness (righteousness). Judging from the name Jiuyuan = Wuyuan, the area was mainly inhabited by Hu people at that time (the ancient *ka(r) sound became ghost *kul, Zhou *cul, Hu *gal, Xia Gar). The forces of Yiqu may have reached Wuyuan. The usual meaning of Dayuan (Taiyuan) in Chinese is large wilderness, and it is also possible to interpret it as an adult wilderness. Hunyuan, in the southeast of Datong City, Shanxi Province, the upper reaches of the Hun River, a tributary of the Sanggan River. Han is the county of Chengxian and Fanqi County, and Tang Place Hunyuan County, named after the Hunyuan River, belongs to Yunzhou. Jinzhi Hunyuan State. In 1912, Hunyuan County was restored. If the water of the Hun River is not turbid, then the source of the Hun, that is, the Hun Plain, is the Hun Man Wilderness.
The Yin Mountains are in central Inner Mongolia and northern Hebei Province. East-west direction. It is an ancient fault-block mountain composed of metamorphic rocks and granite. From Wolf Mountain and Ula Mountain in the west, Daqingshan Mountain and Gray Tengliang Mountain in the middle, Liangshan Mountain and Birch Mountain in the south, and Dama Mountains in the east. It is about 1200 km long and has an altitude of 1500 to 2000 m. The south side of the cliff is steep, and the north slope is gentler. The mountain pass (Wugongba, Kundulungou) has been a north-south traffic channel since ancient times. Shannan is an agricultural area, shanbei is an animal husbandry area, and mountainous areas are intertwined with agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry. King Wuling of Zhao expanded his territory to the north, and looked at the Hetao area south of the Yin Mountains. Hetao refers to the area along the Yellow River east of the Helan Mountains and south of the Wolf Mountains and Daqing Mountains in Inner Mongolia and Ningxia. Because the Yellow River flows into a large bend, it is named. Bounded by the Ula Mountains, the east is the front set and the west is the back set. It is also known as the area south of the Yellow River and north of the Great Wall as the front set, and the back set on the north bank of the Yellow River is symmetrical. Mainly the alluvial plains of the Yellow River. Since ancient times, irrigation agriculture has developed, ditches are longitudinal, known as "Plugged Jiangnan", an important commodity grain base in China. King Wuling of Zhao occupied the southern part of the Yin Mountains (i.e., the Qiantao Plain and the Houtao Plain) that were suitable for agricultural production. The Yin Mountains are on the south side of the Great Gobi, slightly parallel to the Yellow River. The Great Wall built by King Wuling of Zhao along the Yin Mountains confined Lin Hu to the north of the Yin Mountains, while the Yellow River separated the Zhao Kingdom's "Plugged Jiangnan" from the Lou Fu and Bai Sheep on the ground in Henan. YinShan later became the border area between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, with the Xiongnu in the north and the Han Dynasty in the south. The so-called "do not teach Humadu Yinshan" indicates that the Han people regarded Yinshan as the natural boundary of Han and Hungary. Now take the train to Hohhot and Baotou, after Jining you can vaguely see a mountain range extending from east to west, which is the yin mountain of the past. Inner Mongolia's Yin Mountains, the umbrella term for Daqingshan and Wolf Mountain, are about 2,000 to 3,000 meters above sea level, but the ground near the mountains is only a few hundred to 1,000 meters. Judging from the northern slope of Yin Mountain, it is even less high. Yin Mountain, which turns southwest along the Yellow River, is Helan Mountain, which runs parallel to the Yellow River in this area from south to north. The Yin Mountains were an ancient barrier against the Huns. There is a narrow plain to the south of the Yin Mountains, and from below, the Yin Mountains can not only block the Huns, but also the cold north wind. The north of the mountain is completely different from the scenery of the south of the mountain. Taking Hohhot City as an example, from the south of the mountain to the north of the mountain, it is necessary to cross the steep centipede, from the south of the mountain to the village of Didi is about ten kilometers, all of which are ravines, from the bottom of the mountain to the centipede to about fifteen kilometers of houdai. This is the boundary between the front and back mountains, and now that there is a road, you still have to be careful when driving, and it is more dangerous before there is no road. There is also a section of the ruins of the Ancient Great Wall, stretching from the top of daqing mountain and wolf mountain to the south. This section of the Great Wall should have been built by the State of Zhao during the Warring States period. King Wuling of Zhao occupied the plains south of yin mountains, so he built a great wall on the mountain to resist Hu. For more than ten years, in addition to planting many trees in shannan, there are not many trees on the mountain. However, in ancient times, it was a forest area, and it should be said that there were forests here until the 13th century. Hohhot, Mongolian is a blue city; Baotou is a Mongolian transliteration, meaning a place with deer. Where deer or animals are infested, it should be a place with woods. The original yin mountain forest, after hundreds of years of logging, has made the blue mountain bare. For the Xiongnu, the Yin Mountains were of particular importance. The "Book of Han and The Biography of the Xiongnu" quotes Hou Ying of Langzhong as saying: "The subject wen is stuffed to the north to Liaodong, there are Yin Mountains outside, more than a thousand miles from east to west, lush vegetation, many animals and beasts, Ben Mao Dun single in the obstruction, rule as a bow arrow, come out of the Kou, is its garden also." "To the Filial Martial Dynasty, he went out to conquer and repulse this place, and held it in the north of the curtain." Build a fortress, raise a pavilion tunnel, build an outer city, set up a tun shu, to defend it, and then the border must be used shao'an. The north of the curtain is flat, less grass and trees; how much sand, the Xiongnu come to Kou, less sheltered, from the south of sai, deep valleys, poor travel, the side elder said that after the Xiongnu lost the Yin Mountain, they did not cry. ”
During the Qin and Han dynasties, Henan referred to the area south of the Hetao in Inner Mongolia. The Thirty-second Year of the First Emperor of Qin (215 BC): "The First Emperor sent the general Meng Tian to send 300,000 troops to attack Hu in the north, taking a little bit of Henan. "Justice": "The states of Jinling, Xia, and Sheng." "Lingzhou, Qin as a northern county, Yuan Xue Xiaochang in the second year of Lingwu County; Tang Wude in the first year of the year changed to lingzhou governor's office, Tang jurisdiction of the present-day Ningxia Zhongwei, north of Zhongning; Yuan belonged to Ningxia Road, Qing belonged to Ningxia Prefecture; in 1913 it was changed to a county and renamed Lingwu. Xia Prefecture (夏州, in modern Han) was the county seat of Shuyan County; during the Jin Dynasty, it was the tongwancheng of the capital of the Xia king Helian Bobo; later Wei destroyed Xia, and was renamed Xiazhou; in the eleventh year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (487 AD), it was renamed Wanzhen and Zhiyanlu (Tang changed its name to Shuofang, in present-day Baichengzi, northeast of Jingbian, Shaanxi); Tang had jurisdiction over the Hongliu River valley north of the Dali River in present-day Shaanxi and the areas of Hangjinqi and Wushen banner in Inner Mongolia; since the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Tuoba clan of the Dangxiang clan had lived in its place and later established the Western Xia regime; and the ancient city was in the west of present-day Hengshan County, Shaanxi. Shengzhou (盛州, in Han) was Yunzhong Commandery (云中郡); in the 20th year of the Sui Kai Emperor (600 AD), he divided Yun prefecture and ruled Yulin (in present-day Inner Mongolia, northeast of the 12 cities), and Daye changed to Yulin Commandery (Yulin Commandery) in the fifth year, with jurisdiction over present-day Inner Mongolia's Jungar Banner, Dalat Banner, Yijinholo Banner, Dongsheng City, and the area around Tokto on the east bank of the Yellow River; Tang Zhenguan set up Shengzhou in the third year, and Tang had jurisdiction over the west bank. "History of the Xiongnu Column": "Later Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, and the First Emperor sent Meng Tian to attack Hu in the north with a crowd of 100,000 people, and to collect the southern part of henan, because the river was blocked, and built forty-four county towns near the river, and moved to fill it." The straight road, from Jiuyuan to Yunyang, because the border mountains and valleys can be ruled by those who can be ruled, starting from Lintao to Liaodong for more than 10,000 miles. Again the river according to yangshan north of the holiday. "Qin occupied the Henan and Hetao regions and built forty-four county seats along the Yellow River. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the westernmost part of the Yin Mountains was called Yang Mountain, which is the Wolf Mountain in present-day Inner Mongolia. It was named because it was located north of the current flow of the Yellow River (present-day Wujia River). The "History of Meng Tian Biography" said: "Qin has merged with the world, but it is to make Meng Tian drive 300,000 people from the north to Rong Di and take Henan; build the Great Wall, because of the terrain, use dangerous plugs, start from Lintao, to Liaodong, and extend for more than ten thousand miles; so he crossed the river, according to Yangshan, and went north with snakes; the violent master was outside for more than ten years, and lived in Shang county." "Shangjun (上郡), in the third year of The Reign of Qin Zhao (304 BC), lingfushi and other twenty-three counties, Qin Zhifushi (southeast of present-day Yulin, Shaanxi), Han jurisdiction of about present-day northern Shaanxi (Yan'an, Yulin area) and Inner Mongolia Wushen Banner and other places. In the first year of Han Gaozu's reign, it was changed to the State of Zhai (northern Shaanxi has been the land of Rong Di since ancient times), and later it was still called Shangjun. The Eastern Han Dynasty was abolished in the 20th year of Jian'an (215 AD). Shanggun was located in the northern border region, and Gunzhi Fushi was the command post of the Mengtian commandery of the Imperial Xiongnu. Fu Shi , warring states of Wei , ruled southeast of present-day Yulin, Shaanxi. During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was the seat of shangjun. Abolished at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu went south and bounded the Han Dynasty with chaona and Fushi. Shangjun once belonged to the State of Wei during the Warring States period. "History of the Xiongnu Column Biography": "After that, if they destroyed Zhibo together with Han and Wei, and divided the Jin dynasty and had it, then Zhao Youdai and The North of the Sentence Notes, wei had Hexi and Shangjun, and the border with Rong was bordered." "The three families were divided into Jin, and Wei got Hexi and Shangjun. But Fu Shi was outside the Great Wall of the West Wei River. The Great Wall of the Warring States Of the Wei River stretched from Huayin in the south to the north, reaching the Yellow River in the territory of Jia County. Fushi, Mizhi, Yan'an, and Luochuan are all west of the Great Wall. The Henan region of Inner Mongolia (i.e., the Yikezhao League) is in southern Inner Mongolia, south of the Yellow River, bordering Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Ningxia. Ming is a nomadic land of the Mongolian Ordos tribe, and in the Qing Dynasty, the flags will ally with Yikezhao, hence the name. YiKezhao is Mongolian, meaning "big temple") there are Kubuqi Desert and Maowusu Desert, at that time desertification and salinization has been more serious, most of the places are only suitable for animal husbandry and not suitable for farming, Qin occupied these areas can only maintain the original form of pastoral production, the original herders (White Sheep and Lou Fu) in these areas to continue their pastoral production. "History of the Xiongnu Column Biography": "The Xiongnu are single in Yuetouman, the head man is invincible to Qin, and the north migrates." After more than ten years of death, the princes of Panqin, China was disturbed, and those who were suitable for the Qin dynasty were restored, so the Xiongnu were wide, and the border between Henan and China was restored. According to this, after the death of Mengtian, the Xiongnu "reverted to Henan and the border with China in the old Sai." "Tongchuan also known as Mao Dun" both returned, the west attacked the Yue clan, the south and Lou Fu, the king of baiyang henan. It can be known that the Xiongnu who "restored Henan to Henan and China in the old seychelles" were Lou Fu and the king of Baiyang Henan. Lou Fu and Baiyang Henan Wang were originally in Henan, Inner Mongolia, and they may not have anything to do with Touman. "Fu slightly Henan and the boundary between China in the old sai" can be interpreted as Lou Fu, Baiyang Henan Wang du Henan into the Qingshui River Basin, and Linger, Dai Hai and arrived at the Warring States Zhao Great Wall. In Mao dun "South and Lou Annoyance, King of the White Sheep Henan." Later, the Xiongnu Mao Dun and the Chinese border yu Gu Sai (Yugu Sai, Fu Shi, etc.). The Chronicle of the Xiongnu chronicles in "Both Return, West Strike Away The Moon Clan, South and Lou Fu, Baiyang Henan King." Later, it goes on to record: "(Invading the Yan Dynasty) Those who regained the Xiongnu land seized by Meng Tian, who had been sent by Qin to regain the land of the Xiongnu, and the Hanguan homeland of Henan, to Chaona and Fushi, invaded the Yan Dynasty. "The Hetao area pioneered by King Wuling of Zhao and the henan land captured by Meng Tian were all lost, and the Xiongnu advanced to the chaona and Fushi line. Chaona, the name of the ancient county, was placed in the Western Han Dynasty, ruling the southeast of present-day Guyuan in Ningxia, and was abolished at the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the fourteenth year of Emperor Wen of the Western Han Dynasty (166 BC), 140,000 Xiongnu rode into The XiaoGuan. Chao (知宵)?r'ew (陟遥) 甲文作日月同在草中表 Early morning non-boat sound, (澄宵) r'ew (直遥), Middle Tru, dru, Vietnamese trào, triu; Danlin *Tram> *Traw> Dynasty *tru, 澹褴 Dram> *draw> 朝*dru; 朝 dang from the big: 大 *daar+m=*daarm> *dra> *draaw> 朝 *dru, *tru. Na (Mud Song) Naal (Nohe) says Wen Hu Sheng, (Mud Song) naal? (Nuke), (Mud Song) naals (Nu Zhen), Se moten, Zhu Fa Lan translation n, Zhi Qian translation na, a, da, ni, Kang Sang Jiao translated nda, a, for that, Middle Ancient naa, naa?, naas; that *na is the East Iranian family name suffix -na (that is, the Chinese 'slave'). Toward that, the great slave also. Fu Shi (福施), Han Zhi (汉置), belonged to Shang Commandery (上郡); during the Warring States period, Wei Prefecture (魏地) was Shang Commandery (上郡); Western Wei (西魏置上县) was the rule of Anning Commandery (安郡治); Tang Prefecture (唐置绥州, Song) was changed to Suide City (绥德城), and Jin and Yuan were both prefectures; and the land was north of present-day Suide County. Now Yulin City, Shaanxi, Han is Guizi, Fushi and other counties. Zhao's father destroyed Zhongshan and moved his king Yu Fushi, which was in present-day Yan'an City; Gaonu County, which belonged to Shang county; in the third year of Sui Daye (607 AD), it was renamed Fushi, which was ruled by Yan'an County, and Tang and Song Prefectures were all ruled; the Ming and Qing dynasties belonged to Yan'an Prefecture, and in 1913 it was cut to Liu County; in 1936 it was changed to Yan'an County, and the following year it was changed to Yan'an City. 膚 f bang 虞, 郑張尚芳 (非虞)pla (甫無), 支谶 transliteration pra for bo (bang ge, bang zhi), zhiqian translated as bei (bang zhi), middle (p) fu, Vietnamese phu; Shi sh trial branch, trial hui, Zheng Zhang Shang fang (shu branch) hljal (style branch), middle e, Vietnamese thi, thí, th; An Shi Gao translation ma, zhi tan translation m for none (wei Yu), An Shi Gao translation si for corpse (trial fat), zhi tan translation (v) si, Shu Yan translation se si (heart branch); Fu Shi can be reduced to * Prasi, or *Prase, is the antithetical sound of the ancient Persian word Prsa (Persian Greek Persis, Latin Persia).
The Xiongnu arose and developed north of the Great Wall of Zhao. "History of the Xiongnu Column" "When it was, the Eastern Hu was strong and the Yue clan was prosperous. Tang Zhang Shoujie's "History of Justice" quotes the "Chronicle of The Lands" Yun: "Liang, Gan, Su, Yan, Sha and other prefectures, the kingdom of this month." "The former Liang division of Dunhuang and other counties of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was Shazhou, which governed the area of present-day Anxi County in Gansu to the west to Turpan County in Xinjiang; the Northern Wei Dynasty changed to Guazhou; Tang Fu became Shazhou; the Yuan to the 17th Year of the Yuan Dynasty placed Shazhou Road; the early Ming Dynasty set up Shazhou Wei, which was abolished after eleven years of orthodoxy. Shash Shan Ma, Shà Shan Zhi, Vietnamese sa; Zhi Shu transliteration a, sa, (v) sa is sand; Uighur cursive literature Sha Cha (zhu Zhaoyou) is written Šaiu, Kang Monk Jiao translation cu, Kang Sanghui translation cyu for Zhou (zhu Zhaoyou), Uighur iu is obviously the opposite of Chinese states. The sand of Shazhou is interpreted in Chinese as a desert, but this sand may also be derived from the Sak root Sa, and Šaiu may be the sound of Sak. The Cypriots, Germans, and Celts are all from Gansu, Shaanxi, and Shanxi in western China. There is physical and written evidence that the Cypriots collided and communicated with the Central Plains culture at a very early stage. In the small statues excavated from the Yin Ruins, you can see the figure wearing the special artifact of this group, the long cone pointed hat, but the long cone pointed hat is slightly abstract. People wearing long conical pointed hats have high noses and deep eyes when they are plugs. The ornaments—tying enemies to themselves—themselves show that they are enemies of the Yin people. The conical pointed hat also appears in the oracle bone, and the rounded and pointed object on the oracle bone "allow" is the cone pointed hat. This indicates that the conical pointed hat group appeared in China during the Yin Shang period. Shen Congwen's Studies of Ancient Chinese Costumes, p. 50, "Center Left: [Shang] High-crowned Humanoid Jade Pendant (Unearthed from Xiaotun in Anyang)": High nose, Dan phoenix eyes, and a long conical pointed hat with a top curved backwards, which is used as a Sec image. Page 55 "Yin Dynasty HumanOids" Figure 8: Dan phoenix eyes, long conical pointed hat, still reflecting the Seces. At least by the time of the Yin Dynasty, there were already Syks in China. The Guanghong MingJi (vol. 7) contains Liang Xunji's "On the Table of Buddhism" quoting the text of the Book of Han and the Biography of the Western Regions: "The Rong of the Segun Ben yun surname, who lived in Dunhuang, was forced to drive out for the Yue clan, so he ran to the south of the Onion Ridge. (Liang Xunji's "On the Taoist Table of Buddhism": "The Book of Han and the Tale of the Western Regions: 'Sai Zhong, the rong of the original Yun surname, lived in Dunhuang, was forced to evict by the Yue clan, so he ran to the south of the Onion Ridge'. Also known as suspension, sage bean, body poison, heaven poison, still turned to plug seeds as a release seed. Since this record does not appear in the present book of the Book of Han and the Tale of the Western Regions, some people doubt its authenticity. However, the purpose of Xun's above table is to exclude the Buddha, and if there is no solid basis for what is said, not only can it not convince people, but it will give people a handle, and the Book of Han is not difficult to get, and there is no point in fabricating it. That is to say, the twenty-two characters quoted by Xun Shi should be the anonym of the Book of Han and the Tale of the Western Regions. This account is important because it confirms that the Oracle 'Yun' was a man wearing a long conical pointed hat. Yun yn Yu "Integrity. Fair, proper. Promise, promise. Used to, to. Flattering. ", qin" see 'Yun 2 Wu', 'Yun 2 Street'. ", Vietnamese doãn, Zheng Zhang Shang Fang (to ad liking) lun? (Yu Wei) speaks of wen yisheng, middle age yun?. "Shubun Erbu": "Yes, Shinya." Cut from the child vocals". Xu Zhongshu edited the "Oracle Bone Dictionary" to explain the words: "The elephant has the shape of a symbol on the top of the head, and the meaning of the elephant is unknown." The interpretations of the predecessors are also various, such as: the form of the elephant man's retrospection; the form of the head allowed, the shape of the head for the sake of progress and benefit, etc., all of which belong to the Chuanhui Li that is not enough to take the "Jin Wen ZhenLin" volume 8 Yun note, page 5379. According to the golden glyphs, it is also used as a bangui or as a non-glyph, and it can be seen that the head of the person has been falsely made, so the "Sayings" says: "Allow, believe also." From the child, from the sound. Wang Xian Tang replied that the Huangxian Silu was allowed to read the same text, proving that the "Shuowen" was allowed to be obedient and the sound was correct, but the original meaning of the glyph without words could not be known. The golden script is further distorted in later generations, that is, the small seal of the wall. "Sayings": '夋, 行夋夋也. From the sound, allow the sound. What Xu Zhongshu called "the shape of the elephant with a sign on the top of the head" is actually the long cone pointed hat of the plug. The oblong cone pointed cap is falsely pronounced (with) because the original pronunciation of '允' is (以). The oracle 'yun' is a copy of the Seyk people wearing long conical pointed hats, and the oracle 'yun' is an excellent proof that the Seyk people are indigenous Chinese. "Bone carved figures on wooden poles in the Xiaohe Cemetery" (Chen Jianwen, "A Preliminary Study of the Images of The Long-nosed Hu People in the Han Dynasty", Eurasian Journal, No. 9, p. 241). The high conical hat worn by the bone carvings is a definite indication that they are plugs. "According to the 2007 excavation report, its carbon-14th-year data show that the largest dating of the tomb is between 1650 and 1450 BC." If this carbon fourteenth century is accurate, it would mean that the Cypriots were already living in the Area of Xiaohe Cemetery in Xinjiang between 1650 and 1450 BC. Even with such a long time, the burial head of the Little River Cemetery can still point out the location of these original Homes of the Cypriot people. The Xiaohe cemetery "buried in the wooden coffin is a person, the head is roughly to the east, and all are on their backs and straight limbs." "Head to the east" indicates that the owner of the Xiaohe cemetery is also from the east (i.e., Gansu, Shaanxi, and Shanxi in western China). The Rong of the Yun surname first appeared in the Zuo Zhuan. The Zuo Chuan Zhao Jiu Nian Biography (533 BC) states: "The Zhou Gan people fought with Yan Jia of Jin for Yan Tian. Jin Liang Bing and Zhang Zhao led yin rong to cut down the ying. The king made Zhan Hengbo resign from the dispute, saying: ... The first king lived in the four races, and was charmed by the yu, so the concubine of the Yun surname lived in Guazhou. Uncle Hui Gong died in Qin, and since the temptation, let me join you, into my suburbs, then rong Yan took it. Rong has China, who is to blame? Du Note: "Yun surname, the ancestor of Yin Rong, and the three miao are three dangers." Guazhou, present-day Dunhuang. According to legend, the surname Yun originally lived in Guazhou, and when the Duke Hui of Jin migrated internally, he was placed in the suburbs of Zhou. According to Du's note, the descendants of the inner migration of the Yun surname were Yin Rong, so the Jin general led the Yin Rong to cut down the Ying, and Zhou Chen said that the surname of Yun was mentioned. It is generally believed that the descendants of the Yun surname are called "Yin Rong" because these inland migrants live in the "Yin Land". The so-called "Yin Land", according to the "Zuo Chuan Xuan Second Year Biography" Du Note, includes "the south of the Jin River, the north of the mountain, from the east of Shangluo to Lu Hun". The river refers to the Yellow River, the mountain refers to the Qinling Mountains, the south of the water and the north of the mountains are known as "Yin", and its people live in the south of the Yellow River and the north of the Qinling Mountains, so it is called "Yin Rong". "Yindi" in the narrow sense, Gao Shiqi's "Spring and Autumn Place Name Examination" is thought to refer specifically to the Yindi City in Lushi County, Henan. "Zuo Chuan And Lamentation Four Years Biography": "The Fate of yindi dafu Shi Contempt" is the location of the later Yindi City, which is the gateway to the Jin capital. The Rong of the Yun surname was called "Yin Rong" because of the migration to the "Yin" land. Du Zhu, the "Ninth Year of Zhao", while calling it "Yun surname, ancestor of Yin Rong", also said: "Yin Rong, Lu Hun Zhi Rong". "Lu Hun Zhi Rong" first appeared in the 22nd year of the Zuo Zhuan (638 BC): "In the autumn, Qin and Jin moved Lu Hun Zhi Rong and Yi Chuan. Du Note: "The Rong of the Yun surname lives in Luhun, northwest of Qin and Jin." The Two Kingdoms lured and migrated to Yichuan, so he changed from rong to Luhun County. "According to this, Lu Hun Zhi Rong was a branch of the Yun surname, and in the twenty-second year of the Duke of Lu (the twenty-second year of the Duke of Qin Mu and the thirteenth year of the Duke Hui of Jin), he moved from the land of Luhun in the northwest of Qin and Jin to Yichuan, that is, the Yishui River Basin, and Yichuan was also named Lu Hun." Zhao Jiu Nian Chuan "said that the surname of Yun ju Gua Prefecture (Dunhuang), jin Hui Duke moved from Guazhou to Zhou's suburban dian, "22 years of the legend" said that Lu Hun Zhi Rong moved to Yichuan in the autumn of the thirteenth year of Jin Hui Gong (638 BC); Du Zhu both called Lu Hun Zhi Rong a different name for the Yun surname, moved from Qin and Lu Hun in the northwest of Jin, Yichuan can also be regarded as the suburb of Zhou, then the "Zhao Jiu Nian Biography" and "Twenty-two Years of The Legend" are the same event, and Lu Hun is one of the places of Guazhou if it is not a different name for Guazhou. Lu Hun is the Yin Rong that is the surname of Yun, and the 'Lu' of Lu Hun should be the sound of the 'Yun' of the Surname of Yun. Lu Hun: "Etymology": Ancient Place Names. Also known as Guazhou, it originally referred to the area around present-day Dunhuang in Gansu. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Qin and Jin dynasties moved to Yichuan under the name of Lu Hun (陸浑之). The Han Dynasty placed Luhun County, with Luhun Pass in the north of the county; the county was abolished in the fifth dynasty; the ancient city was in the northeast of present-day Song County, Henan. "Ci Hai": "The name of the ancient county." This Spring and Autumn Land Hun RongDi. Hanzhi County. It ruled the northeast of present-day Song County, Henan. The Eastern Wei Dynasty relocated Torikuhun County, and in the southern part of the ancient city, It was relocated to Nanluhun County. At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, it merged with The Northern Luhun County, changed the name of the Southern Luhun County to Fuliu County, and changed the name of The Great Cause to Luhun County. Five generations were incorporated into Yiyang. "Lou Lan's title Krova is comparable to yin (地). Yin (shadow invasion) qrm (Yu Jin.m). Present (see invasion) krm (Ju Yin), Zhi Qian translates kum as jin (see invasion), and translates kam as present. Now the kr-shedding of *kram/*krum/*krim forms a yin, and the yin*kram/*krum >*krow + suffix a=*krowa is Loulan Krova. The identification of two male skulls excavated from the Loulan site is "very similar to the south Pamir Sek skull" and "belongs to the Mediterranean type of European race" (Han Kangxin, "Human Bones study of the ancient tomb ditch cemetery in Xinjiang", Journal of Archaeology, No. 3, 1986). The Guloulan people's "very similar to the southern Pamir Seik skull" indicates that the Guloulan people are Yin Rong, the Serbs.
Guazhou is the present-day city of Dunhuang, Gansu, "Zuo Chuan Xiang Fourteen Years": "The former Qin people forced Zuwu to leave Guazhou. Another ninth year: "The adulterer of the old surname of Yun lives in Guazhou." Note: "Guazhou, present-day Dunhuang." "Guagu sees hemp, Zheng Zhang Shangfang (see hemp) kwraa (ancient Chinese), Middle Ka, Vietnamese qua; Ansit Gao translates ka as Jia (see ma), Zhi Qian translates as Jia (see hemp), Yuan (see ma); gua can be reduced to *ka." Gua *ka is Hu Zhi Gu Yin Gu *ka(r) [Zheng Zhang Shangfang (see mo) kaa? (gonghu), Wang Li's Homologous Dictionary ka, middle ko?]. Zhiqian translates k and kin as wings (審寘), and melon *ka can be transliterated into sand *a. Comparing persian Prsa and Saisak, there may be a reversal between the two syllables of the name Sak; if so, the Sak is also *K (Sa- of Sak can be regarded as a Gonosic definite article sá). Gugua *ka sound mother K tone is converted to g, and the suffix - ti * di (i.e. clan) of *gadi evolved into the moon *gat-ti, *got-ti, Gothi, Getae of the Gaita. The Moon Kingdom may also include Juyan. Ju j see fish, j see zhi, Zheng Zhang Shangfang (see fish) ka/-s (nine fish), medieval ky, Vietnamese c, Japanese kiyo, Wang Li "homologous dictionary" kia. Remoteng and Zhu Fa Lan translate nya as Ru (日鱼, 日御), Mu Rong translates (c) cha, Zhiqian translates sa, (v) sa as che (wearing hemp, seeing fish), Zhiqian translates dha as Tu (Dingmo, Chengyu), Zhiqian translates ke as zhi (Zhaozhi), Ji (see zhi), and ci as zhi (Zhaozhi). The pronunciation of ju *ka is derived from ancient times. Ju *kia, *kea transliteration to *kii is Ji: 姬j見之,玉之,郑張尚芳(見之)kl(居之),(以之)l(與之),中古kii、yii,支谦 transliteration ke as 基(見之)."[já'" Yan yán Yu Xian, Yu Line, Zheng Zhang ShangFang (Yi Xian) Lan (Yi Ran) Speak Wen Gong Sheng (Yu Zhi Cut: Zhi), (Yi Xian) Lans (Yu Line), Middle Ancient Yeon, Yeons, Vietnamese diên; Yan Yn Yu Bao, Yu Line, Zheng Zhang Shang Fang (Yi Xian) Lan? (Shallow), (Yi Xian) Lans (Yu Line), Middle Ancient Yeon?, Yeons, Vietnamese Din; Yuan Yuán Doubtful Yuan, Vietnamese nguyên; Zhi Qian Translation (v) jan, Yan, yt, Zhu Luyan translates yn as yan, and Shu yan translates yn as yan. The famous Sogdian scholar Hofschśc said: "The names of -y'n (Avestan sutra as yana, yna, and old Persian as yna) and -prn (Medea as farnah) are the most common Sogdian male names in the MugShan texts." Cai Hongsheng: "After comparing with the Tang Dynasty translation examples, we found that the two Hu nouns ending with 'Yan' and 'Fen'. According to the ancient Chinese pronunciation proposed by Gao Benhan, 'Yan' reads ian and 'Fen' reads piugn, which indeed corresponds to the Sogdian language of MugShan. ...... In sogdian, the word 'yan' is interpreted as a 'gift', which means both 'honor and protection'; the word 'fen' means 'honor, luck'. ...'Whisker' is reduced to Ptam-yn, meaning 'first gift'. As the brother of Di She, the name 'Fu Yan Yan' means 'first child boy'" (Tang Dynasty Nine Surnames Hu and Turkic Culture, pp. 39-40)-y'n is the hu noun ending "Yan". 朐延之延, 呼延 (呼延) 之延, 狐偃之偃 (yn Ying Nguyen, Zheng Zhang ShangFang (Ying Yuan) qan?, Medieval Yan?, Vietnamese yn) and - Yan are the same Hu noun ending. "Juyan" means a gift from the Ju *ka (i.e. Guhu) people. Hu h xiao mo, Zheng Zhang Shang Fang (Xiao Mo) qhaa (absurd wu) Hu zhuan zhuan characters, middle ho, Vietnamese hô, Japanese ko, Wang Li "homologous dictionary" xa. The difference between the pronunciation of hu and hu is that the vowels are different: hu is Xiaomu, and Hu is the box mother. The Pronunciation of h- and hw- in Chinese is similar, and the two are closely related. In Japanese, both hu and hu are pronounced ko. 'Hu' can be seen as a transliteration of the sound of 'Hu'. Yin yìn Yu Zhen "Heir, descendant." melody. Pass 'citation'. ", Zheng Zhang ShangFang (Yi Zhen) Lins (Yang Jin), Middle Ages Yins, Vietnamese DN. As a suffix, -延 or is equivalent to The Chinese Yin; if so, "Juyan" can be interpreted as a descendant of the Ju *ka (i.e., Guhu) people. - Yan may also be a transliteration of the Chinese tian (Khotanese), Vietnamese dân. Tian tián Dingxian, Vietnamese in; Khotanese tiran Dingxian, Dingzhao, Vietnamese in; Filltián Dingxian, Dingtian, zhèn Zhizhen, chén "Jiyun" Chengzhen, tin "Jiyun" Dingmilling, diàn "Tong 'Dian'", Vietnamese in; Zhiqian translation den (P.=Skt.dyan) for filling; Bo Xihe believes that the ancient sound of Khotanese (2nd century BC) is *Godan, and by the beginning of the Common Era there is *Gostna> Gostana;* Dan occurs d> y transliteration is Yanyan. yna also appears in Sanskrit place names such as Ju and Yanna, Brahmana, etc., and yna may be the sound of stna. Bmyn (bamiyan) is derived from the Sanskrit form *Bmiyana and the medieval Persian Bkkn. kn can be interpreted as khan (kun, jun) or Iranian känt (canda, kand, chata) 'city' simply. Juyan *kiayan, *kayan sound to *hayan/*huyan is Huyan, Huyan. "Juyan" should be the place name left by the Yue clan, referring to the area near Juyanze, which was the main road between The Hexi region and Mobei at that time. Western Han County. The ancient city was southeast of present-day Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. The Western Han Dynasty was the seat of the Zhangye Capital, the Eastern Han Dynasty was the seat of the Zhangye Juyan State Capital; and the Wei and Jin Dynasties were the seat of the Xihai Commandery. In the third year of the Han Dynasty (102 BC), Lu Bode built a plug on Juyanze to cover the way for the Xiongnu to invade Hexi, so a shasha (虏) barrier; Juyan Sai started from the foothills of the Heli Mountains in the south and reached the ancient city of Juyan in the north, and the ruins still exist today. From the Chinese point of view, yu is regarded as a contemptuous name for the Xiongnu by the Han people, but from the perspective of Halo and Lu, it may also be the self-designation of the Xiongnu. Halo l Lai Yao, Middle L?, Vietnamese l; 虏 l Lai Yao 'captive; slave', Middle L?, Vietnamese l, Lu lù Lai Twilight, Middle L los, Vietnamese l; Zhi Qian translated ko as drum (see 姥), Kang monk jiao translated po as cloth (bang twilight). In Middle Chinese, the model 潞暮 is the same rhyme of the flat, 虏 (卤) i.e. 潞也; 虏, 卤, 潞*la may be closely related to soil *tha, 虏、 卤,潞*la conjugate after the end of the word -m is the forest. The Mongolian name Juyanze is GaxunNur, and the 'nor' in Gashunnor corresponds to the Chinese word 'Ze', and 'Gashun' corresponds to the Chinese Juyan *kayan.
Although there is quicksand in the Juyan Basin, the Ejina River flows into this area from the Qilian Mountains in the south through the Hexi Corridor, so along the coast, the water and grass are relatively abundant, and the Echina River is called weak water in ancient times, also known as the Heihe River, and its source flow mainly comes from the snow water of the Qilian Mountains. The water upstream, which is used for irrigation along the way, has decreased by this basin, and the ice melts in March every year, and the amount of water is more. This area was very important in the pre-Han dynasty. In 121 BC (the second year of Emperor Wu's reign), Huo Fuyi led his troops through this place to attack Qilian Mountain, and the Chronicle of the Xiongnu said: "Xia, the general Fu and Hou Of The Huns rode out of Longxi and the northern region for 2,000 miles to attack the Xiongnu. Passing through Juyan and attacking Qilian Mountain" The Book of Han and the Biography of the Xiongnu says that in the third year of the first taichu (102 BC), "the powerful crossbowman Lu Bode built a residence on Yanzeshang" and also said that in the second year of the Tianhan Dynasty (99 BC), "li Ling, the cavalry capital, sent 5,000 infantry out of Yanbei to live more than a thousand miles, and fought with Shan Yuhui" until the era of The Later Han Emperor (107-119 AD) began to set up Juyan County, which was under the jurisdiction of Zhangye. The Juyan Basin of the Great Gobi became the most fiercely contested area between the Xiongnu and the Han. Juyanze, now known as GaxunNur, was the main point of communication between the Xiongnu out of the Hexi Corridor and the Western Regions. From here to the Hexi Corridor, the Xiongnu entered the Tao River Basin or the Qinghai Steppe. And further to control the western regions, that is, the area around present-day Xinjiang. But they can also drive through the passes of the Kobdo Basin and the Altai Mountains into the Junggar Basin north of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, or west from the Kebudo and Tangnu Wuliang Seas through Dingzhi and Jiankun.
The Great Wall of Zhao Zhiyin Blocked the Xiongnu to the north of the Yin Mountains and blocked the Passage of the Xiongnu from the Yin Mountains to Ningxia and Shaanxi. Due to the existence of the Great Wall of Zhao Zhiyin Mountain, it was impossible for the Xiongnu to reach the Hexi Corridor from the south of yin mountain. "History of the Xiongnu Chronicles": "And Shan Yu wants to abolish Mao Dun and establish a young son, but to make Mao Dun hostage to the Yue clan." Mo Dun was both in the Hands of the Moon Clan, and Touman rushed to the Moon Clan. At that time, Touman was blocked by the Great Wall of Yinshan, and it was impossible to border the Yueshi from the south; the Xiongnu could only border the Yueshi from the west. If Juyan is really a place name left by the Yueshi people, then the Yueshi people once occupied the area around Juyanze; the border between the Xiongnu and the Yueshi may be the Alxa Plateau west of the Wolf Mountain. Sima Qian called the Great Destruction of the Eastern Hu King "both returned, attacked the Yue clan in the west, and the king of Lou Lou and Baiyang Henan in the south." Xi Fu regained the Xiongnu land taken by Meng Tian, who had been sent by Qin, and the HanGuan's hometown of Henan Sai, to Chao Na and Fu Shi, and then invaded Yan and Dai. "In 203 BC, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu agreed to divide the gap, with Chu in the east and Han in the west. The Chu-Han distance should refer to 203 BC. The so-called Mao Dun "westward attack on the Yue clan" may have only retreated at the place where the Yue clan bordered the Xiongnu. More than twenty years later, Mo Dun sent the Right Sage King to attack the Moon Clan. In May of the third year (177 BC) of emperor Xiaowen's "Chronicle of the Xiongnu": "The Xiongnu Right Xian King entered Henan, invaded the Shangjun Baosai barbarians, and killed the people. So Emperor Xiaowen ordered Xiang Xiang to send a car to ride eighty-five thousand, and he attacked the Right Xian King. The Right Sage King stepped out of the plug. In the following year (176 BC), Emperor Mao Dundan wrote to emperor Shu Han: "Now with the defeat of the small officials, punish the Right Xian King, and make him attack him in the west." With the blessings of heaven, the officials and horses, with the strength of the horses, to destroy the Moon Clan and kill them all. "The Right Sage King's attack on the Yue clan this time was between 177 BC and 176 BC. The Right Sage King attacked the Xiaoyue Clan in the Hexi Corridor with two paths. One is to enter the Hexi Corridor from Gaonu to the west, and the other is to enter the Hexi Corridor through Juyanze south after leaving the plug. Mou Dun went on to say, "Dingloulan, Wusun, Hujie, and the twenty-six kingdoms beside them all thought they were Xiongnu. The people of the bow, and one family. It seems that "Dingloulan, Wusun, Hujie and the twenty-six countries next to them" are also important results achieved by the Right Xianwang in this action.
The Xiongnu's Henan territory was present-day Yizhaoke League in Inner Mongolia, and may have included parts of Shaanxi (such as Jingbian). The Great Wall around the Mu usu Desert, shown on the present-day map, was apparently built to protect against the nomadic people of the Isakik League. The southern end of the Yizhaok League was very close to the Western Han capital Chang'an. "History of Liu Jing's uncle Sun Tonglie's biography": "Liu Jing came from the Xiongnu, because he said, 'The Xiongnu Henan Baiyang and loufu wang, go to Chang'an for seven hundred miles, and ride lightly for a day and a night to reach qinzhong.'" The presence of the Xiongnu Right Sage king in Henan (Yizhaoke League) caused a high degree of vigilance and uneasiness in the Western Han government. The Book of Han and the Biography of the Xiongnu narrates the edict of Emperor Xiaowen: "Now that the Right Emperor has left his kingdom, he will live in Henan Province. Coming and going into the jam, hunting down and killing officials, and driving away the barbarians of Shangjun Baosai, so that they could not live in their places. "The "Shangjun Baosai Barbarians" refers to the Rongdi who have lived here since ancient times, not the newcomers, the Huns." The Right Xian King left his country and set up residence in Henan "There may have been two plans: one is to wait for an opportunity to go south to invade China, and the other is to enter the Hexi Corridor to the west." Judging from the events that followed, the Xiongnu's targets were Yueshi (Hexi Corridor) and The Western Regions (Xinjiang).
Northern Shaanxi, western Shanxi, and northern Shanxi, as well as the southern part of the Yin Mountains in Inner Mongolia, have been the land of Rongdi since ancient times. "History of the Xiongnu" Yun: "When it was, Qin and Jin became powerful countries. Jin Wengong Rong and Zhai lived between Hexi And Luo, and were known as Chi Zhai and Bai Zhai. "Ji Xie" quoted Xu Guangyue: "In Hexi, yin yin." "Justice" quotes the "Chronicle of The Land": "The ancient city of Baitu is three hundred and ninety miles northeast of Baichi in Yanzhou, and is close to Yanzhou, Suizhou, and Yinzhou, where Bai Di lived in the Spring and Autumn period." Luo, Liang Yushengyun as "Lu". "Justice" quotes the "Chronicle of The Lands" Yun: "Luzhou Ben Chi Zhai Di; Yan, Yin, Sui Three Prefectures, Bai Zhai Ye." "According to the three prefectures of Tang Yan, Yin, and Sui, that is, the land of Northern Han and Shangjun, the area around present-day Yulin and Qingyang, the land of yiqu in the Warring States period. 圁yín doubtful truth [(doubtful truth) rn (language towel), medieval in; ancient *gan/*gar], 圁水 is also known as "誾水", the Book of Han Andi Geography 2 says that the water flows out of Baitu County, Shangjun County, and enters the river in the east. The "Water Through the Notes on the River Water" says that the water flows east through Hongmen County and the north of Yin County. "Jiaqing Yi Tongzhi" 239 "Yulin Fu I" According to the "Tongzhi", the water is the Bald Tail River. Its origins are from the Ordos Plateau in present-day Yikezhao League, Inner Mongolia. Another version says that the water is the Present Cave No River. Yanzhou (延州), Gaonu County, Qin and Han Shang County, Eastern Xia Prefecture (北魏) Eastern Xia Prefecture (東夏州), Western Wei (西魏) to Yanzhou (延州); Sui (隋) to Yan'an Commandery (燕县; Tang Wude (唐武德) was restored to Yan'an Commandery (延州), Tianbao (天宝元元) to Yan'an Commandery (延县), Qianyuan (乾元元) was changed to Yan'an Prefecture (延州), Song Yuanyou (宋元祐) was promoted to Yan'an Prefecture (延安府府), Yuan (元) was changed to Yan'an Road (延延路), Ming and Qing dynasties were all prefectures( Fuzhi Fushi County), Fuzhi Fushi County (府治夫施县) was abolished in 1913, Yan'an County was changed to Yan'an County in 1935, and Yan'an City was established in 1972 with part of the administrative area of Yan'an County. Yinzhou, baoding in the Northern Zhou Dynasty for three years, named after the valley; the ancient city was in the northwest of present-day Mizhi County, Shaanxi. This is the qin horse city, the language of the horse is begging silver, hence the name. Tang Tianbao was originally Yinchuan County, Qianyuan was restored to Yinzhou, and in the Fifth Dynasty it was owned by Western Xia. Sui (suí heart) prefecture, bai zhai in the spring and autumn; wei during the warring states period, and later returned to Qin to set up a county; Western Wei began to set up Suizhou, the Sui Dynasty Emperor abolished; Tang Fu was Suizhou; song early because of this, Yuan Fu changed to Suide Army in the second year of Yuan Fu; Jin was Suide Prefecture, Yuan Ming and Qing because of it; in 1913 it was changed to Suide County. Yanzhou (盐州), in the north of present-day Yanchi County, Ningxia, was renamed Xi'an Prefecture in the third year of the Western Wei Dynasty (554 AD), named after the salt pond in its territory, zhiwuyuan (present-day Dingbian, Shaanxi); Sui changed to Yanchuan County; Tang Fu was a prefecture, Song entered Western Xia, and Yuan was abolished. Tang Baijuyi's Changqing Ji (長庆集) (長庆集) (城盐州): "Chengyan Prefecture, Chengyan Prefecture, the city is on the top of the Wuyuan Plain." "Yanchi County, Hanquyan County, Western Wei changed Yanzhou, Sui changed Yanchuan County, and later Tang Dynasty became Yanzhou; Ming changed to Ningxia Defender; Qing Abolished Wei, moved to Lingzhou; and in 1913, Yanchi County was dissolved." 朐qú "Ji Yun" Qun Yu, Zheng Zhang Shangfang (Qun Yu) go (Its Ju), Middle Gu, Wang Li "Homologous Dictionary" gio; Zhi Qian translated gu, gu, Kang Monk Hui translated go, gho for Qu (群虞, 見見), Zhi Yu translated go as 懼 (群遇, "Ji Yun" Qun Yu), An Shi Gao translated ma, Zhi Yu translated m as none (微虞); 朐 can be reduced to *gu or *go or *ga. Lin Hu, according to the Chronicle of The Land of Kuo, was in Shuozhou, Lou Fu was in Lanzhou, adjacent to Yinzhou, in the area of present-day Ningwu, Shenchi, and Baode in northwestern Shanxi, and also in the land of Bai Zhai in the Spring and Autumn Period. Shuo Prefecture, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei. Zhishengle City (present-day Tuchengzi, northwest of Lingle). Its jurisdiction covers the present-day inner Mongolia cities of Hohhot, Dongsheng and Helinger, Qingshuihe, Tokto, Jungar, Dalat, Hangjinqi and other places. According to the Chronicle of The Land of Gu di, it can be seen that Henan (Inner Mongolia Yikezhao League) was once the land of Lin Hu, and by the Qin and Han Dynasties, Henan only had Lou Fu and the White Sheep King, and Lin Hu was no longer seen. It was Meng Tian who expelled Lin Hu from Henan, and the so-called "head man is invincible to Qin, and the north migration" is also. The main result of Meng Tianbei's attack on Hu was to "collect the southern part of Henan", and he drove all the Linhu on the henan land to the north of the Yin Mountains.
"Shangjun Baosai Barbarians" refers to the local Rongdi. Since the Di and Hu of the Han Dynasty were mainly used to refer to the Xiongnu, the Di people of Shangjun were called "barbarians". In 206 BC, Xiang Yu divided the kings, and the above counties established Qin to make Dong Fei the King of Zhai, du Gaonu County. Gaonu County was qinzhi, which ruled the north bank of the Yanhe River in the northeast of present-day Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, and was abolished at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Dong Feng was the King of Zhai, and there should be Zhai people in the counties of his fiefdom. Gao Go saw how, Zheng Zhang Shangfang (see Hao) kaaw (Gu Lao), Middle Kau, Vietnamese cao, Japanese kou, Wang Li 'Homologous Dictionary' kô; Hanshu Xiyu Zhuan translated Kabul as 'Gao Fu', Min Chinese Zhen Hao rhyme as song rhyme, Zhi Tan translated ca as Zhaoxiao's move, translated ka as the bridge of Qunxiao; Gao's ancient pronunciation is *Ka, *Ko. The slaves of the Gaonu and the Xiongnu and the fox slaves (the "Chronicle of the History of the Wei General Hun Riding Column" contains the General Huo Qi of the Second Year of the Yuan Dynasty riding the general Huo Qiyi out of Longxi "Involving fox slaves, the five kingdoms ... On the sixth day of the battle, he crossed the Yanzhi Mountain for more than a thousand miles, "The fox slave is after the fox Ji." The 'fox people' of the Spring and Autumn Period were Zhou Yi, whose homeland was in present-day Xuchang, Henan. "The Book of Han and the Tale of the Western Regions": "The Hu Hu Kingdom, Wang Zhicheshi Liugu, went to Chang'an for 8,200 miles." "In present-day Lukqin, Xinjiang), the slave means slave in Chinese, which is the East Iranian suffix -na, -no. Gaonu *Kona, *Kana means tall slave, tall person in Chinese, And Gaonu County is named because the locals are tall (or thin and tall). In addition, Gao *Ka/*Ko can also be regarded as the hu of the ancient sound, and the high *Ka is embellished with the flow tail -r is karma. It is certain that these Gaonu were local Zhai (Hu) people who had lived in Si for generations. The Luo River in Shaanxi, also known as the Beiluo River, originates in the southeast of Dingbian County, Shaanxi, flows southeast through Zhidan, Ganquan and Fu Counties, reaches the Luochuan Na frustrated River, flows through Pucheng, and flows into the Yellow River in the east after reaching the Dali Hewei River. The "Shuowen" said: "Luo Shui left Feng Yi and returned to the debei Yi boundary, and entered Wei in the southeast. Sounds from the water. That's it. At that time (58 years to about 147 years of Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty), the origin of the Beiluo River, southeast of Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province, still belonged to Beiyi. In the Sui Dynasty, there were still Chinese-speaking Bai Di living in northern Shaanxi. The Taiping Huanyu Chronicle, Volume III, "Danzhou Customs", quotes Sui's "Miscellaneous Records of the Tujing Classics" Yun: "It is commonly known as 'Danzhou white suffocation, bearded Han tongue'. That is to say, it resembles Hu and the language is used in the middle of the summer. Bai suffocation is the Bai Zhai language black ear, modern times called the tribe of Ji Hu, self-proclaimed Bai Zhai hou also. "After the tribe said that it was Bai Zhai, the sound of Bai Zhai (Di) changed to White Suffocation, and the sound of Zhai (Di) turned to suffocation. These Bai Zhai, who remained in northern Shaanxi, already spoke Chinese in the Sui Dynasty, and were called Bai Suffocation and Tribal Ji (i.e., Ji) Hu, who had the characteristics of "Hu tou Han Tongue". Danzhou was originally named Fenzhou , because it had the same name as Hedong Fenzhou , it was changed to Danzhou in the third year of the Western Wei Dynasty ( 554 AD ) , with the name of DanyangChuan ; Zhiyichuan ( northeast of present-day Yichuan , Shaanxi , Tang moved to present-day Yichuan , Song changed Yichuan ) ; the jurisdiction of present-day Yichuan County. Yichuan is bordered by the Yellow River from Ji County in Shanxi; Qu Bian Di is between present-day Shilou and Ji County; Yichuan is not far from the Luo River; this area is the land of ancient Bai Zhai. The Bai Zhai (白翟) of Yichuan in the Sui Dynasty was the widow of Bai Di who lived here in ancient times. Since the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Hu people, who descended to the Northern Song Dynasty, were distributed northwest of Fenshui in Hezhou and northeast of Anding in Yongzhou, and were collectively called "Buluo Ji Hu", or "Ji Hu" (the Song Shu Zang Zhi Biography records Tuoba Tao and Zang Zhi Shuyun: "Hu died, and the state thieves were being reduced. "The Biography of Zhou Shu Yang Zhong" Baoding 2nd year [564 AD] Zhongyu Jihu chieftain in the account " Turks have arrived in the prefecture, about I broke the Hu. ”）。“ The name "BuLuo Ji Hu" first appeared in the "Biography of Wei Shu Erzhu Rong", Yun: "Bu Luo Jian Hu Liu Aru and other chaotic melons, wanton ... Glory and destruction. "Buluo Jianhu is the tribal Ji Hu, Bu Luo is the tribe, 稽 [(see Qi)kii (古奚),(Xi Qi)khii (Kangli), Zhiqian translate ke as 稽, Middle Kee, khee] appended with the ending of the word -an is jian [(see first) kiin (古贤), middle kean]; 稽 and 堅 are both karmic sounds: 羯 *kar> *ke(y) > 稽 *kee, 羯*kar> 堅*kean. "History of the Xiongnu": "The country of Beifu Hunyu, Qu Zhi, Ding Zero, Mane Kun, and Salary." "The Book of Han is Jiankun. Jian Hu can also be regarded as mane [(see Mai) kreeg (ancient kernel), (Lai Xi) g· reeg (Lang Shu), Medieval Kaeg, leag, Vietnamese cách, lch; ancient *kraag] Hu, diaphragm. The Book of Wei refers to this clan elsewhere as Shanhu, Fenhu, and Hexi Hu, and is sometimes named after the county and county where Hu was located, such as Xihehu, Lishihu, and Tujinghu (In Han, Tujun County, in present-day Shilou County, Shanxi). Hu Yin falsely accused the army of Jing, calling "Tu Jun" "Tujing"), Shilou Hu, Wucheng Junhu, etc., and the Book of Northern Qi was roughly due to attack, until the original name of the Book of Zhou was Buluo Ji Hu or Ji Hu, and the Northern Song Dynasty Taiping Huanyu Ji called it Tribal Ji Hu. The "Zhou Shu Ji Hu Biography" details the distribution and customs of Ji Hu at that time: "From the west of the stone, east of Anding, seven or eight hundred miles square, living in the valley, planting and falling. Its indigenous people are also known for farming. The ground is less silkworm and more linen. Her husband's clothes and death funeral were the same as those of Zhongxia, and the women were mostly decorated with mirages for their ears and necks. He also lived in a wrong house with the Chinese people. His qu shuai is quite literate, and the language is Yidi, because the translation is tong. Squatting is rude, greedy and tolerant. Vulgar is obscene, especially virgin. On the eve of the marriage, Fang and the adulterer are separated, and the husband hears it, and the many are precious. After getting married, it is also quite idle. Adulterers are punished at any time. And when a brother dies, he takes his wife. Although it is divided into counties and counties, it is listed in the households, but it is lightly endowed, and there are different People. Those who obstruct the danger in the mountains have not exhausted their subordinates, and the fierce and dangerous are counted as chaos. The "Ji Hu" was distributed in the area "west of the stone and east of Anding", that is, in the eastern part of present-day Gansu, northern Shaanxi and western Shanxi. Ji Hu "lives in the valley", so it is also called Shan Hu and Shan Rong. At that time, Hu Shang "language yidi, because the translation is tong". However, in the Sui Dynasty, Danzhou Jihu already spoke Chinese, and from this gave rise to the proverbial saying "Danzhou white suffocation, Hutou Han tongue". Buluo Ji Hu and Ji Hu Shi are the White Zhai Fox Ji who lived in this area in ancient times.
Due to the proximity of Henan to Chang'an, the Xiongnu possession of Henan became a major problem for the Western Han government. Emperor Wu of Han's first campaign against the Xiongnu was to seize Henan. The Chronicle of the Xiongnu records that in the second year of Emperor Yuan Shuo of the Han Dynasty (127 BC), "Wei Qing returned to the west of the clouds to Longxi, attacked Hu Zhilou and the King of Baiyang in Henan, and obtained thousands of Hu shou and more than one million cattle and sheep." Therefore, the Han Dynasty took the land of Henan, built ShuoFang, and restored the Qin Dynasty to be plugged by Meng Tian, because the river was solid. Han also abandoned The Shanggu Shipai County to create Yang Land for Hu. Is the age, Han No Yuan Shuo two years also. The "Chronicle of the Wei General Hun Riding Column" is more detailed: "Next year (that is, the second year of Yuan Shuo), the Xiongnu invaded and killed the Liaoxi Taishou, captured more than 2,000 people in Yuyang, and defeated the Han general's army. The Han general Li Xi attacked and went out of the dynasty; the general Qing Izumi was sent out of the clouds to the west of Gao Que. As for Longxi, thousands of captives and hundreds of thousands of livestock were captured, and white sheep and lou were troubled. Therefore, Henan Province was made Shuofang County. Tianzi said: "The general Qingdu Xihe to Gao Que was awarded the first 2,300 levels of ,...... Sui Xi Ding Henan, according to the Yugu Old Sai, Absolute Zi Ling, Liangbei River, Ask pu ni, broken symbol away from "Pu Ni that is, Pu Ni * Barni means Pu Yi (Hanshu Geographical Chronicle Yue Yue County SuQi County "Ni Jiang" Yan Shi Gu Zhuyun: "Ni, Guyi"), its transliteration pronunciation * Budni when the Budini people are a people with special characteristics, Herodotus said "They all have very light blue eyes and red hair", "in stature and appearance" Completely different from the Root Cause is the Gelonus of the Greeks (History, 108, 109).] Fu fú and Yu, Zheng Zhang Shangfang (Bong Yu) bo (prevention of nothing), Medieval (b) fu, Vietnamese phù; Zhi Qian translates bu as Fu, Zhi Qian translates ri, li, l, Kang Monk Hui translates re as li (Lai Zhi, Lai Hui, Lai Ji); Fu Li can be reduced to *buri, *buli, *bure, *bule, etc. Xinjiang Puli, Warring States Chuyi Fuli and Fu Li have the same name, they are all from the Pu class Bar. Fu Li *Buri is the Pu class Bar, Fu Li *Buri and Pu Ni should be different names for the same family name. According to Sima Qian's account, Pu Ni and Fu Li were both in Henan, probably in the north of present-day Ningxia, west of Fu Shi. Wei Qing seized henan and hetao and placed them under the jurisdiction of the Western Han government. The Book of Han and the Chronicle of Emperor Wu is relatively brief: In the second year of Yuan Shuo, the Xiongnu invaded Shanggu and Yuyang, killing more than a thousand officials. Emperor Wu "sent the generals Wei Qing and Li Xi out of the clouds, to the highest que, and then to the west to Fu Li, and obtained thousands of ranks of first prisoners." Collect the southern part of the river, and place Shuofang and Wuyuan County" The land of Henan taken by Meng Tian was retaken by Mao Dun in the early years of Gaozu, and almost eighty years later, it was retaken by the Western Han Dynasty. "With 3,800 households fengqing as the Marquis of Changping." Lieutenant Su Jian of qing was made the Marquis of Pingling, and Zhang Cigong was the Marquis of Shore. Make the building Shuofang City. ("Hanshu Wei Qinghuo Went to Illness Biography") After the Western Han Dynasty seized Henan Province, it was placed in Shuofang County. Shuofang Commandery ruled Shuofang County (present-day hangjinqi north of Inner Mongolia), and the Eastern Han Dynasty moved to Linrong (present-day north of Dengkou). The following year, he also sent lieutenant Su Jian to lead 100,000 people to build the Great Wall at the southern foot of the Yin Mountains, and to build Shuofang County and its subordinate counties. Shuofang County is located in the north of Chang'an City, the capital of the Han Dynasty, so it takes the meaning of "Chengbi Shuofang" in the Book of Poetry and named Shuofang County, which governs ten counties, including Sanfeng, Shuofang, Xiudu, Linhe, Hudao, Qihun, Qusou, Woye, Guangmu, and Linrong. 窳浑 and Qusou are changed from clan names to place names, and hudao is Hudao. Among them, it has been ascertained that the county seat of Shuofang County is in the northwest of present-day Otoke Banner, the county site of Woye County is in the present-day Lanchengzi of Wuhai City, and the three counties of Linrong, Sanfeng, and Ganhun are located in the area of present-day Ulanbu and the desert.
Shuo Fangben was in the Lingwu area of Ningxia. "Poetry Xiaoya Out of the Car": "The Son of Heaven makes me, the city is the other side of shuofang." Song Zhuxi's "Collected Biography": "The land of this Lingxia and other states." It is the area around present-day Lingwu County, Ningxia. Shuo shuò Shan Jue, Zheng Zhang ShangFang (Sheng Jue) sraag>oog (sojiao), medieval iag, Vietnamese sóc; Fang fng Bangyang, páng "Ji Yun" and Tang, fáng and Yang, wng "Ji Yun" micro-yang, Vietnamese phng, Wang Li "Homologous Dictionary" piuang, Kinni ge fm, pcâm, vàm. Kang Monk Jiao translates myak as contempt (enlightenment, tiny). Shuo can be reduced to *Socpam, *Sarpam, etc. The Vietnamese Shuosoc and Herodotus "History" Sogdoi Sogdi sogdi can be regarded as the sound of the Sai *sak, and Shuofang may indicate that there are still Cypriots in Ningxia. Shuofang *Sarpam may be derived from Sarmatae: the mat sound in Sarmatae is changed to pan, and omitting -ae is Shuofang *Sarpam. Yue (yi xue) lod (yi xue), medieval yoed/yeod, Vietnamese duyt; An ShiGao translated ja as Yue (Yu Xue), Zhi Qian translated as Yue (Yu Xue), Zhi Qian translated as Yue (Yu Xue), Zhi Yan translated yak [t'] as reading ((Yi Xue), Medieval yoed/yeod, Old English rœdan, primitive Ji language as raad, proto-Germanic *raedanan), Ansergao translated ud as reading, Kang monks translate as speaking (trial Xue, trial sacrifice, Yu Xue). Joy can be reduced to *sur, *sul, *sud, *dur, *Tur, etc. Pan (Bang Huan) paan (Beipan), (Bang Delete) praan (no return), (and Huan) baan (Bo Guan), An Shi Gao translation pn, Kang Monk Hui translation pañ, Zhi Qian translation (v) pan, prajñ, Zhi Qian translation pra for general, Zhi Qian translation val for also (box deletion, evil immortal), medieval puan, paan, buan; Fan (Fengyuan) ban (attached Yuan), (Shi Yuan) phan (Fu Yuan), (Huan Huan) phaan (Pu Guan), (Bang Ge) paal (Bo He) , (Bango) paals (supplemented), Medieval (b) fyan, fyan, phuan, pua, puas. The Huns mean "Turpan", "Surpan", "Sulpan", and its root yue (*sur, *sul) still remains in the Central Asian place names and the name of the Great River (*sur becomes Syr., but Syrgis Syrgis is recorded in Herodotus's History). Xuanzang's "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" has "The Slim Region"). The roots of the Syrgis river, a tributary of the Tanais (Tanalis in Central Asia, present-day Syr), recorded in Herodotus's History, and SurkhonDaryo in Uzbekistan, are all from Yue *sur. Both The leaf and the broken leaf are named after the joy of the leaf. Gully is written as Slim in Pahlavi, in addition to Surik, Sogd and other different ways of writing. In the Khotanese language books of the eighth to tenth centuries unearthed in Hotan, Dunhuang and other places, there is a word sl juxtaposed with other ethnic groups, the plural form is slya, Professor H.W. Bailey has successively proposed the three hypotheses of "Shule people", "scribes", and "Sogdians", which have now abandoned the first two theories and determined to be the opposites of Shuli (i.e., Sogdians). A Philovian deed document discovered by A. Stein in Endere, the famous No. 661, in which the party who bought and sold it was suliavaitivadhaa. The word Sulia, F.W. Thomas, suspected of referring to "Shule people", citing Shule's Tibetan spelling shu-lig as evidence. S. Konow believes that Sulia is The Sogdians. In the sl/slya of Khotanese texts, Professor Bailey found fourteen examples from the collection of Sven Hedin and others. Rong Xinjiang translates sl, slya, slo, slna, slyana, slyau, slyä as Sogdians. Bailey pointed out that in Khotanese Buddhist texts, the word slya also means "merchant", from a proper noun denoting the Sogdian race to a general noun denoting "merchant". In fact, this just proves that the Sogdians in Khotan are mainly engaged in commerce, so the Khotanese will equate "Sogdians" with "merchants". Edward Schaeffer said: "The Sanskrit word equivalent to the word 'hu' is 'sul', while 'sul' is derived from the word 'lka' derived from '*suγδik' (Sogdians), and is also literally referred to by sogdians and extended to 'Iranians'. (Foreign Civilizations in the Tang Dynasty, p. 24, translated by Wu Yugui, Shaanxi Normal University Press, December 2005) Sul and sl are not from Sogdia. Sul and sl can be translated as Yueyi, and their meaning is equivalent to That of Yue Fan (般); 窣利 sl (Yue Yi) is also Yue Ban (Yue Fan). Sogdia between the two rivers of Huns and Central Asia was originally a separate entity, but after the Huns joyfully crossed the Syr Darya River and occupied Sogdiana, the Broken Leaf Water Basin and Sogdiana were connected, and the whole area was called Guli, and the ruler was The Hun Yue. The solitude comes from joy rather than Sogdia, and equates it with Sogdia because Sogdia is more famous. Broken Leaf Syb is from Theory. Broken leaf Syb = Sy + b, Iranian b means 'water', and the root Sy is the root Sl sound of the Middle Persian Slik. The original site of the city of Broken Leaf is Ak-Beshim, eight kilometers southwest of the city of Tokmok, and this area was once the center of the ancient Huns. Tokmak (Russian Tokmak/ Gikmok) is a city in northern Kyrgyzstan and the main economic center in the eastern part of the Chu River Valley. On the left bank of the Chu River. It is 60 km west of Bishkek. Balasagun, the capital of the Black Khanate, is near Tokmak. In 1134 (the third year of Yanqing), Dashi Yelü changed the capital to Ba la ShaGun (renamed Hu Si Hui'er), and in the same year, the era name was changed from Yanqing to Kangguo. Oishi died in the 10th year of Kangguo. 15 km south of Tokmak is the bur-ana Tower built in the eighth century.
The Han court sent Wei Qing to take Henan and build Shuofang, forcing all the Xiongnu forces to move north of the Yin Mountains. However, the Great Wall of Yinshan in the Han Dynasty seems to be imperfect and flawed, and it cannot completely block the Xiongnu in the north of the YinShan, and the Xiongnu can easily cross the Defense System of the Han Dynasty and point directly to Dai County. The "Chronicle of the Wei General Hun Riding Column" "The next year (that is, the third year of Yuan Shuo), the Xiongnu entered and killed The Taishouyou of Dai Commandery, and entered more than a thousand people at Yanmen. The next year (i.e., the fourth year of Yuan Shuo), the Xiongnu entered the Dynasty, Dingxiang, and Shangjun, killing thousands of Han people. The "Chronicle of the Xiongnu" records in more detail: "(In the third year of Yuan Shuo), tens of thousands of Xiongnu rode into the Killing Dynasty County, and there were slightly more than a thousand people. In the autumn, the Xiongnu entered the Yanmen Gate again and killed more than a thousand people. The next year, the Xiongnu reverted to Dai County, Dingxiang, and Shang County, each riding 30,000 horses and killing thousands of people. The Xiongnu Right Sage King complained that the Han had seized the land of Henan and built Shuofang, counting the Kou, stealing the border, and entering Henan, invading Shuofang, and killing many officials. In the spring of the fifth year of Yuan Shuo (124 BC), Han took Wei Qing as a great general, and sent six generals, more than 100,000 people, to Attack Hu with Shuo Fang and Gao Que. Wei Qing led his army out of Gao Que and attacked the Right Xian King Yu Mo Nan and won the Battle of Mo Nan. Even so, in the autumn of the same year, the Xiongnu once again invaded Dai County, "Xiongnu Wan rode into the capital of Dai County, Zhu Ying, slightly more than a thousand people. Dai County became the primary target of the Xiongnu.
In the spring and summer of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (121 BC), the Han general Huo Fuyi twice led cavalry to attack the Xiongnu in Hexi, annihilating nearly 10,000 and 30,000 Xiongnu troops respectively, and severely damaging the Xiongnu, known in history as the "Battle of Hexi". In the summer of that year, the hussar general Huo went out of the Northern Prefecture to pass through Jilu Sai and Yue Juyan, and then passed through the Xiaoyue clan and attacked Qilian Mountain. Jilu sai was at the mouth of the Hasag (Nai) Gorge in the northwest of the Dengkou in present-day Inner Mongolia. It is the key to the traffic that runs through the north and south of the Yin Mountains in ancient times, and the Han Dynasty city is stuffed here. "Book of Han and Biography of the Xiongnu": In the third year of Ganlu (51 BC), the Xiongnu called Han evil shan Yugui, and han sent officers and soldiers to escort them, "and sent thousands of horses from the border counties to send a single to the Chicken Deer Plug in the Chushuo Fang." Note: "In the northwest of Shuofang County." "Water Jing Zhu · River Water": "From the northwest of (Ganghun) County out of the chicken deer plug." "窳y metaphor for the ibis" is "shoddy." Not solid. Multi-fingered texture of utensils. weak. lazy. The name of the beast. ", w shadow hemp" low. Same with '窊'", Vietnamese d, Zheng Zhang Shang Fang (to Yu) lo? (to the Lord), Middle Yu?; 窊 (Shadow Ma) qwraa (Wu Gua), (Ying Ma) qwraas (WuHua), Middle Ages a, as; the ancient pronunciation of the word is Gua *ka(r): Gua *ka(r) > *ga(g) > *ya?> 窳 *yu?, gua *ka(r) > 窊 *a(s). 窳浑: Han County. It belongs to Shuofang County. To its northwest there is a deer plug. Its land was southwest of the present-day Hangjinhou Banner in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Han Du Wei Han said that from the great general Wei Qing out of the Qihun to the Xiongnu Right Xian King's court, that is. See The Biography of Wei Qing. The Biography of Wei Qing of the HanShu is written as "窴浑". "窴浑" should be "浑窴", which means "浑地( 国). 窴 (定先)diin(徒年),(定先)diins(堂練),中古 deans;阗(定先)diin(徒年),(定先)diins(堂練),中古 deans;田(定先)l'ii(徒年), Middle Devan. Khotan (Khotan, Khotana, Brahman Hvatäna, Hetian Hvamna), Sima Qian's Records of History as "Yu Zhen". Judging from the "Khotanese", "Yu-Chan" and "Yu-Tian" present-time works, Khotan's translation is the Chinese Tian (export to domestic sales). Bo Xihe once explained the meaning of the name Khotan as follows: "In short, the ancient pronunciation of the name Khotan (second century BC) should be *Godan. By the beginning of the AD, there was also the name *Gostna> Gostana, which existed at the same time as the previous name. Both mean '*Go land (country)'. *Go is a common ingredient in place names in the Khotanese region, such as gomati (according to the Qu Modi in the Fa Xian, and the name of the temple in Khotan), Goga (according to the Qu Room [Eating] Jiashan in the Records of the Western Regions, Xuanzang notes 'Tang Yan Bull Horn'), *Gomaslagandha (according to the Qu Mo Luo Xiang in the Rizang Sutra), etc., but it is not yet possible to explain. *Go may be the name of the ethnic group in the area. (Marco Polo's Notes, p. 420) "窳浑" should be interpreted as 浑窳, while "窳" is the Chinese "home" [(see 麻)kraa (古牙),中古ka,王力"Homologous Dictionary" kea. Jiagua is a homophone in Chinese, both of which are pronounced in xiongnu, and 窳浑 means hunjia. In the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Yongyuan (89 AD), Dou Xian went out to attack the Xiongnu in the north. The march route of Huo to get out of Beidi County and detour back to the Hexi Corridor was roughly as follows: out of Beidi County to Hangjin houqi → and Yar Amud → Hari Ao RiBug → Yagan → Zeke → Gashun Nuoer → Saihan Taolai → Haixi New Village → Tiancang → Jindian → Jiuquan. In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (119 BC), Wei Qing and Huo Went sick soldiers divided into two roads to attack the Northern Xiongnu and severely damage the Xiongnu, known in history as the "Battle of Northern Mobei". The Chronicle of the Xiongnu says: "Han Mou said: 'The Letter of the Marquis of Qi is a single yu ji, and he lives in the north of the curtain. He also said, "The Great General Qing and the Hussar General went to illness... Xian Yue attacked the Huns. Alone in smell, far from its weight, with elite soldiers to stay in the north of the curtain. He also said, "It is the Later Xiongnu who are far away, and there is no royal court in The Shonan." The Handu River stretches from the west of Shuofang to Lingju, often through canals to place field officials, officials of 50,000 or 60,000 people, slightly encroached, the ground north of the Xiongnu. "Let lìng come to Jin, líng to Qing, laiqing, lián to xian, ling (lián) as an ancient place name." The Book of Han and Emperor Wu of the Sixth Year of Yuan Ding (111 BC): "He also sent the general Gongsun He out of Jiuyuan, and the General of the Hun River, Zhao Punu, out of Lingju, both two thousand miles away, and returned without seeing the captives." "The ancient city is in the northwest of present-day Yongdeng County, Gansu. When the Huangshui River Basin led to the hexi corridor, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty built plugs, canals, and fields, officials died here. The lieutenants of the two Han Dynasties tried to cure this. "Lingju" can be interpreted as the place where Ling Fox (i.e. Lin Hu) lives. The pronunciation of Ling becomes lián (Laixian), like Ding Zero becoming a reverse lian (Lai xian), which is caused by the Hu language replacing the -m tail with the -an tail or changing the -m tail in the zero*lam to the -n tail (Kang Mengxiang, Zhu Dali translating rañ as lian); this is a variation in the Hu language rather than a change in Chinese; "Ling" is a foreign word. Ju j see fish 'residence', j see the 'language auxiliary', Wang Li's "homologous dictionary" kia, ancient sounds can be reduced to *kia, *ka. The Greek word for indus is indus, which originates from the Sanskrit word Sindhu (literally meaning river), the Iranian word Hindu, and Xuanzang believes that India is a transliteration of indu (meaning 'month'). Neither Hindu nor indu carry a -k-tail. Mu Rong translated du, dhu as Zhu (知屋, Duanwu, Duanwo), translated hin as Tian (透先), translated the ancient Persian Hindu as Tianzhu and added the ending -k. Mr. Ji Xianlin believes that the ancient pronunciation of an Indian name comes from the Guizi language Indak(a), which is followed by indah (or Indian Indra God) with the ending of the word -ka; the "Lingju" of -ju and the Guizi -ka are the same end; the end of the Guizi word -ka can be interpreted as the Chinese residence (residence) or home. "Lingju" can also be interpreted as the Lin family, and the name of this place is related to Lin Hu, which should be the remaining guards when the Xiongnu took the Hexi Corridor.
Did the Xiongnu come from the slate tomb culture?
The Xiongnu rose to prominence in the Mongolian steppes, with the center of activity in the Yin Mountains. Before the rise of the Xiongnu, a culture of slate tombs existed in the northern part of the Mongolian steppe. The slate tomb culture was one of the main cultures of the Early Iron Age in Mongolia. This culture is characterized by tombs with small square walls made of vertically placed stone slabs; hence the name "slate tombs". Like many other nomadic cultures, it is mainly embodied in the burial complex. Most of the slate tombs date back to the Scythian era (7th to 3rd centuries BC), and some are apparently much earlier. The slate tomb culture flourished in much of the Mongolian plateau, and the western boundary of the culture may have been along the Great Lakes Basin, which vertically divided the Mongolian plateau. Further west, in the foothills of the Gobi Altai Mountains, only isolated small groups of slate tombs were found. On the other hand, there are no slate tombs in Gorno Altai and Tuva, nor in the border areas of Mongolia with these places. Slate tombs are rare in southern Mongolia; however, Malinger and Bergman found stone walls in Inner Mongolia, including the painted stone walls. Further south, in northern Tibet, sites very similar to slate tombs have been seen. Ishigaki is also found outside the Borders of Mongolia, north to the Transbaikal region, where later slate tombs have been found. The fact that the Mongol slate tombs are identical to the transbaikal slate tombs suggests that in the first millennium BC, central and eastern Mongolia and the Transbaikal region formed a single ethnic-cultural zone. The origin of the slate tomb culture is not very clear. The decoration and forming of various bronzes, especially the techniques and styles used in the making of artistic bronzes found in slate tombs, have led scholars to classify at least some of these artifacts into the Karasuk period. At the same time, it seems to have some characteristics of the Karasuk culture of Southern Siberia. The slate tomb culture may be a branch of the Xiajiadian culture. There are four kinds of tombs in the upper culture of Xiajiadian, including large stone rafter wooden coffins, small stone rafter wooden coffins, sarcophagus tombs and wooden coffin tombs, with clear hierarchies. Rectangular burial tools made of stone blocks (slabs) are the most distinctive. The head is facing eastward, the body is mainly straight, and the side burial is rare. The materials excavated from the M101 stone rafter tomb in Nanshangen, Ningcheng are representative of the upper culture of Xiajiadian.
There are large differences in burial styles between the Northern Xiongnu tombs found in Mongolia and the so-called Xiongnu tombs found in Inner Mongolia. The shape of the large tombs of the Northern Xiongnu differed not only from non-Xiongnu tombs, but also from ordinary Tombs of the Huns. This had attracted the attention of scholars at the end of the 19th century, but at that time it was only because of its special shape that it was interested, but it was not known that it was a Tomb of the Huns (Selected Essays on the History of the Huns, p393). The so-called Northern Xiongnu tombs in Mongolia are also known as the slate tomb culture. The first part of Lin Hui's Introduction to the Tombs of the Xiongnu is based on the archaeological article "The Tomb of the Northern Xiongnu" by the Mongolian archaeologist Tse Dorji Surong. The article said: "The oldest Xiongnu tomb is a kind of sealed hill, square stone tomb (referred to as the square tomb). At present, dozens of square tombs have been excavated. The earliest square tombs belonged to the 7th-3rd centuries BC. This form of tomb still exists after the 3rd century BC. In the square tombs of the 7th and 3rd centuries BC, the skeletons of many horses, cattle, sheep and other livestock were often found, and many deer stones were found in the distribution area of the square tombs (sometimes these deer stones were erected in the corner of the square tomb), which shows that in the 7th and 3rd centuries BC, the owners of the square tombs were mainly engaged in animal husbandry and hunting. However, judging from the area where the square tombs are distributed, it is often found that they belong to the 7th-3rd centuries BC, and the owners of the square tombs are also engaged in agriculture. In Mongolia, Siberia in the south of the Soviet Union, and in northern China, the same stone mortars have been excavated, and the age of these excavations is also consistent with each other. (Selected Essays on the History of the Xiongnu, p. 375-376) This kind of square stone tomb with a sealed mound is very different from the vertical pit tomb in Inner Mongolia. It is also different from the "uncaled tree" xiongnu tomb recorded in the "Chronicle of the Xiongnu". The original owner of this kind of square stone tomb that has appeared since the 7th century BC was not the Xiongnu in the eyes of the Central Plains. Herodotus' History states that the Scetia "dug a large square hole in the ground there as long as the king died" (vol. 4:71) The square tombs of the Northern Huns may be related to the square tombs of the Scetians. "The burial style of the square tomb is to bury on the back with straight limbs, with the head to the east, north or northeast. On both sides of the body are placed many burial items, including copper neck ornaments, glass beads, copper pendants and so on. These burials are identical to those unearthed in altai, southern Siberia, and Ordos. ...... The Mongolian square tombs, like the square tombs in southern Siberia, are also buried with copper, iron hammers and axes, and the handles have copper knives decorated in the shape of beasts, bronze mirrors with animal patterns, copper horsebits, etc. (Selected Essays on the History of the Xiongnu, p. 376) Many iron artifacts were found in square tombs from the 3rd-2nd centuries BC. The shape of the ground-sealed mound of the ordinary tombs of the Northern Xiongnu in Mongolia in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC can be roughly divided into the following three types: one is a small square tomb built with a large rectangular thick stone, and the tomb roof protrudes on the ground (but this form of tomb mostly belongs to the 3rd century BC); the second is a square tomb with a square courtyard wall in the middle of the outer stone block on the ground, and the tomb roof is not prominent on the ground; the third is a square tomb with a pattern on the back of the coin; The top of the tomb also does not protrude from the ground (most of the above two types of tombs belong to the 3rd-2nd centuries BC) (Selected Essays on the History of the Xiongnu, p377). From the 3rd to 2nd centuries BC, in addition to square tombs, there were many large and small protruding surfaces with high mounds and obang-shaped (Obo,i.e., mounds made of stones) circular stone tombs. These tombs have double walls inside the enclosure. Some of the coffins are made of wooden planks, and some are made of logs. The burial style is to bury on the back with the limbs straight, with the head facing north. Excavations include pottery and copper and iron (Selected Papers on the History of the Xiongnu, p378). The central part of the Northern Xiongnu large tomb mound is concave downwards, the recessed part is 0.7 to 2.04 meters deep and 4.5 to 9 meters in diameter, and the south side of the fengqiu is higher than the north. This shape may be imitating its early settlement. This early settlement should have been a basin or lake to the south above the north.
The large tombs of the Northern Xiongnu had sealed mounds and no martyrs, which is the same as the "Biography of the Xiongnu" in the "History of the Xiongnu", which states that "they were sent to death, with coffins of gold and silver clothes, but no sealed trees; the concubines of the nearly fortunate ministers from the dead, up to thousands of hundreds." "Seriously inconsistent. The inconsistency between historical records and actual archaeology can be explained by the fact that the "Huns" were a multi-ethnic union ("the people of the bows and bows, and for one family"). Because Ofun "Dingloulan, Wusun, Hujie, and the twenty-six kingdoms around them, they all thought they were Xiongnu." As well as different ethnic groups having different forms of tombs, it is normal for the so-called "Huns" tombs to take many forms. The current understanding of Xiongnu tombs is incomplete, and the limited and inconsistent forms of Xiongnu tombs found in China make it impossible to judge the true Xiongnu burial forms. Only after the discovery of the large Tombs of the Huns in the Mouton period and the large tombs of the Southern Xiongnu can the true Xiongnu tomb system be revealed. The Northern Xiongnu tombs are different from those found in Inner Mongolia, suggesting that the Xiongnu in Inner Mongolia did not come from the slate tomb culture of the northern Mongolian steppe. If the Xiongnu were from the slate tomb culture, they would have spread this form of burial to where they were. Current archaeological material does not support the hypothesis that the Huns were carriers of the slate tomb culture. The burial form of the Northern Xiongnu can be interpreted as the Xiongnu' improved use of the local complex and extravagant tomb form after entering the northern Mongolian steppe during the Maodun period; it can also be interpreted as the owner of the slate tomb culture slightly changed his tomb form after the arrival of the Xiongnu.
"Chronicle of the Xiongnu": "He was sent to death, with a coffin of gold and silver clothes, and no sealed tree mourning clothes." Pei Qi's "Collection" quotes Zhang Huayue of Jin: "The Xiongnu name tomb is funny. "Tease (Dinghou) doos (Tuhou), (Chengyu) dos (Holding Encounter), Middle Dos, Dus, Vietnamese u; Luo (Laiduo) g. raag (Lu Ge), Middle Ancient rag, Vietnamese lc. Comma can be simulated as *dorag. Tsukasa (知鍾) to? (知陇), Middle Ages troom?, English tomb; Ancient t(r)ombr. The New Oxford Dictionary of English-Chinese Double Solutions tomb (n. tomb, tomb; burial place. earth coffin; sarcophagus, tombstone, a dead silence (or cold, gloomy).< poem/text> death.) :MiddleEnglish:from Old French tombe, from late Latin tumba, from Greektumbos ,monument,tombstone’(12c.),from Late Latin tumba(alsosource of Italian tomba,Spanish tumba),from Greek tymbos‘burialmound,cairn,’generally‘grave,tomb,’，perhaps from PIE root * Teue-(2)'to swell' (seethigh). House zhái (Cheng Mo) r'aag (場伯), Middle Age drog, Vietnamese try; Ancient Drag/darg. The house has the meaning of "burial place, tomb". "Li Miscellaneous Records": "The Doctor's House and the Funeral Day" sparse: "House, called the burial place". House *drag> *dagrag> *dawrag> Huns to make *dorag. New Oxford Dictionary of English-Chinese Interpretations tholos (n. [Archaeology] (especially in the Mycenaean era of ancient Greece) underground domed tombs.) Etymology: Greek.tholos(plural tholoi)(Greek:θολωτς τΦος, θολωτο τΦοι,"domedtombs"). A tholos(pl.tholoi),from Ancient Greek(θλος),in Latintholus(pl.tholi)。 "Duoleyi" tholoi circular burial chamber: "The circular burial chamber is more famous for its name 'Duoleyi', which has been used in Southern Turkmenistan since the beginning of the 4th millennium BC, and is mostly used for multi-person burial. (The Bronze Age of Iran and Afghanistan, Volume I of the History of Central Asian Civilizations) Buryad-Mongol is called a tombdar. Judging from the Chinese housedarg (i.e. dark) and briat Mongolian dar, the tomb (domed tomb) was spread to China by the Da*daar people. The origin of the adult (Changdi) is likely to be in South Turkmenistan. The Dorians (who have a tall nickname) (Greek Drios) who migrated to Greece by the Changdi daarman are undoubtedly the Chinese transliteration of the Great *daar; Dor continues to be pronounced as thol, which is the root of the word "Doleyi". The Xiongnu's "commotion" is immediately "Duoleyi" (circular burial chamber), which is different from the square tomb.
Zhu Hong's Ethnographic Xiongnu, Xianbei and Khitan attempts to determine the attribution of the Xiongnu ethnography by performing human bone measurements on human bone specimens excavated from so-called Xiongnu tombs. There is an important prerequisite for the use of this ethnographic method, which is that we can be sure with certainty that the human bones measured were left by the Huns. The first big question to be determined is whether the Huns practiced cremation or burial? Is chi di gao chakrick flexing buried? Did the Hu (Xiongnu) practice burial? Righteous canals, karma and cremation. "Since Black Ridge, it can be nonsense. ...... If the Xiongnu (= Hu) were to be cremated, the object of all the bone measurements would not be hu (Huns), and all the measurement results would have nothing to do with the Xiongnu (=Hu)! Until the fundamental question of whether the Huns (Hu) practiced cremation or burial has not been solved, should we not jump to conclusions? II. The Chronicle of the Xiongnu: "When he was sent to his death, there were coffins of gold and silver robes, but no sealed trees; the concubines of the nearly fortunate ministers and concubines numbered from the dead to thousands of hundreds." Because of the "coffin", it can be concluded that it is a burial, and because "the concubines of the nearly fortunate courtiers from the deceased to thousands of people" can be concluded that this is the funeral of the Xiongnu prince. Since the burial styles of the upper and lower levels of an ethnic group may not be the same (for example, the upper princes of the Qin people are buried with straight limbs, and the others are buried with flexed limbs), it is impossible to infer from Sima Qian's record that the vast number of Xiongnu people also practiced earth burials. III. "Etiquette and The Royal System": "The county seal of the Shuren people, the burial does not stop for the rain, the tree is not sealed, and the funeral is not a second thing." Kong Yingda Shuo: "Since the people are humble, they do not need to show differences, they do not accumulate soil as seals, and they do not mark tombs with trees." "The Chronicle of the Xiongnu": "He was sent to death with a coffin of gold and silver clothes, but no sealed tree mourning clothes." Sima Guang of Song's "On Liu Ping's Soul Burial Form": "Now Liu Ping is not in the court, the coffin does not return, his son cannot bear to seal the tree and does not stand, mourns the province of nothing, wants to fabricate a coffin, and summons the soul to a fake burial." Ming Kong Zhenyun "Ming Bingbu Shangshu Festival Huan Yuan Gong (Yuan Keli) Epitaph": "And Lotus Silk, seal the tree rugged." The same obstacle and hiding, the same fence and the same zen. According to Kong Yingda's explanation of "no seal and no tree", "do not accumulate soil for sealing, do not mark the tomb with trees." "Unsealed tree" means that there is no soil for sealing (no mound) and no tomb for trees (there is no mark of the tomb on the ground). When the Xiongnu princes were buried, as genghis Khan was buried, after burial, the horses were driven to flatten the mud covering the tomb to completely merge with the surroundings. According to Sima Qian's standard of "unsealed trees" for Xiongnu tombs, Lin Gan's "Introduction to Xiongnu Tombs" (Ce Dorji Surong's "Tombs of the Northern Xiongnu") are not Xiongnu tombs. 1. "The oldest Xiongnu tomb is a kind of sealed hill, square stone tomb (referred to as the square tomb). The earliest square tombs belong to the 7th-3rd centuries BC "All square tombs have sealed mounds." 2. The "Xiongnu tombs" of Noyan Mountain are all sealed hills. These so-called "Xiongnu tombs" found in Mongolia should be excluded from Xiongnu tombs because they have sealed hills that contradict Sima Qian's account of xiongnu tombs "unsealed trees". IV. The "Records of History" first recorded the activities of the "Xiongnu" during the Warring States period in the seventh year of the reign of Queen Huiwen of Qin (318 BC) when "in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Huiwen, Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan, and Qi Shuai Xiongnu jointly attacked Qin" (Qin Benji). "Gongsun Yan Biography" Yun: "Yiqu Junchao Yu Wei, the rhinoceros said: 'There is nothing to do in China, Qin has to burn the kingdom of the king; when there is a problem, Qin will send a light and heavy country of the king. After that, the five kingdoms cut down Qin, and Qin was embroidered with a thousand horses and a hundred women. Yiqu Jun: "This Gongsun Yanzhi is called Yahweh!" 'It was the rebellion against Qin, and the great defeat of the Qin man Li Bo. "The Five Kingdoms attacked Qin in the first seven years of Huiwenjun's reign, and in conjunction with the Benji, the Xiongnu of the Benji were immediately the righteous canals of the Rhinoceros. Mutual compliance, then the righteous canal is actually the Xiongnu also. The so-called "Xiongnu" seen in the record this time are actually righteous canals. The Biography of Wei Qing in the Chronicle of Wei Qing is attached to Chuan Yun: "Gongsun He, a Yiqu person, whose ancestor Hu was a breeder; He's father was evil, and he was the Marquis of Pingqu when Emperor Jing was emperor." According to this, if the righteous canal is a Hu species, then the Righteous Canal is Hu. Since the Yiqu was destroyed, those who did not go north were assimilated into the Han and changed their surnames to Gongsun (公孙氏), and Gongsun He and Gongsun Ao were both of his Miao descent. Yiqu cremation !!! The burial style of the common Hu (Huns) was most likely cremation.