First example: Han Xin
There is a famous law in management, "Peter's Theorem", when a person is promoted to a certain height and high position, there will be a phenomenon of incompetence in a new position. We often see some job advertisements, such as state-owned enterprise executive positions, government positions, private enterprise positions, must reach what department level how many years, what has a senior title, or what related position how many years of work experience. It gives people the feeling that instead of putting talents in important positions and important positions, people who have been executives or leaders are placed in posts and positions. Of course, the recruiter has his own high-sounding reasons, and the candidate must have experience as an official leader. As an authoritative scholar in the field of management, I think it is impossible to generalize. There are more experienced people who keep the achievements and fewer pioneers; there are more conservatives and fewer innovators; there are more decays and fewer new sharps; there are more people who are afraid of change, and fewer people who dare to reform. This has to do with a country's background culture and historical roots. We can divide it in this way, there are three kinds of people in this world, one is a genius, a person who dares to combine theory with practice, and learns and applies it to life. This kind of genius has not experienced any experience, and can still turn decay into magic, and can create career myths. The second is a doer, who has no knowledge and no experience, but will summarize experience, learn lessons, and constantly learn and grow in continuous experience. Most successful people fall into this category. There is also a kind of paper talker who is full of economy on the surface and has a hanging mouth, but has no solution in his mind and cannot solve practical problems, and belongs to the nerd type or Zhao Kuo.
In the long river of Chinese history, there is such a military scientist, who is a military hero and has made outstanding achievements, which can be described as "using soldiers like gods". He was Han Xin, a military wizard who had been humiliated by the humiliation of stepping down. He came from a cloth background, and he had no experience as commander-in-chief of the three services, but he had the power of the army, but he could be invincible in the world and defeat any military competitor. According to our modern people, Han Xin became the general manager from the employee in one step. There is no experience of the general manager, but the general manager's work is done well and excellently. It can be said that most of the Han Dynasty's rivers and mountains were fought down by Han Xin.
Han Xin is a native of Huaiyin. When he first started as an ordinary person, his family was too poor. Individuals have neither a political background nor a morally high character to exercise their fame. He was just a poor intellectual who had read a lot of military books. Because of Han Xin's current situation, he could not enter the civil service at that time as an official. He could not work, farm, or do business, and in order to survive, he had to send food to other people's homes. The world is cold, human feelings are cold, and many people look down on him, and even hate him. He often sent food to the home of a pavilion chief, who was equivalent to an official of the current township government. He ate for several months in a row, and the wife of the pavilion chief was very disgusted with him and did not give food to Han Xin to eat. Han Xin was angry and his self-esteem was hurt. So he left the place where he had eaten.
Once, because he was very hungry, Han Xin was fishing in the pool under the city and wanted to get a few fish to fill his hunger. There are a lot of women washing clothes in the water. Among them was an elderly woman who was a drifting mother, who saw that Han Xin was very hungry, and gave Han Xin food to fill her hunger. The drifting mother let Han Xinbai eat, and it lasted for dozens of days. Han Xin was very grateful to the drifting mother, so he told the drifting mother that in the future, when he developed, he would thank her for the gift of food. Drifting mother lost her temper and said, as a manly husband but can not support themselves, I sympathize with you are an intellectual and give you some food, where I hope to get your reward!
There was a scoundrel who killed pigs in Huaiyin, who had nothing to do and insulted Han Xin. The said that Han Xinchang was so old and liked to carry a sword, but in fact, he was as timid as a mouse in his bones. The people watching the liveliness next to them all roared, and the who killed the pig humiliated Han Xin in public, The letter can die, stab me; can't die, out of my crotch. "These uninformed bastards don't know that carrying a sword is a symbol of intellectual status." Han Xin didn't want to commit a crime, so he had to endure humiliation and burden to drill through the crotch of the. The entire market onlookers laughed at Han Xin's cowardice.
In the wave of Qin Weichen's victory over Wu Guang's uprising, Han Xin joined Xiang Liang's rebel army. After Xiang Liang's death, he became an ordinary army cadre in Xiang Yu's army. He often made rationalized military suggestions to Xiang Yu, but Xiang Yu did not adopt them, let alone attach importance to Han Xin and reuse Han Xin. This ordinary army cadre later became Xiang Yu's gravedigger. Han Xin did not have the opportunity to display his talents in Xiang Yu's army, so he turned to Liu Bang, the King of Han, and the position was Lian Ao. Lian Ao ( Lian Ao ) was the official name of the Chu state , and the "Left Biography" records that the Chu officials had Lian Yin and Mo Ao , which were later combined into one official name. Lian Ao, whom Han trusted, was only a minor official, not the official name of Lian Yin and Mo Ao that Chu Guo said. Lian Ao did not have much rank or power, just a small official position, and his name was very good. Otherwise, Han Xin would not have become a deserter. Han Xin once violated the laws of the King of Han and was put to death. When the punishment was executed, 13 other people had been killed, and when he was preparing to kill Han Xin, Han Xin saw Liu Bang's close friend Xiahou Bao passing by, so he said, Didn't the King of Han want to win the world, why did he want to kill talents? Xiahou Infant felt that Han Xin was very special, and saying such a thing was definitely not an ordinary person, so he released Han Xin and communicated with him, feeling that this person was indeed talented. So Xia Hounian recommended Han Xin to Liu Bang. Liu Bang appointed Han Xin as the governor of Zhisu, in charge of the production of military grain and other matters.
Han Xin often communicates with Xiao He, who feels that Han Xin is not an ordinary talent. When Liu Bang's army arrived in Southern Zheng, dozens of generals fled on the road. Han Xin estimated that Xiao He and others suggested to Liu Bang to reuse him, but Liu Bang did not have this idea, and Han Xin had to flee with him. Xiao He heard that Han Xin had fled and rushed to chase him. Someone reported to Liu Bang that Xiao He had also become a deserter. Liu Bang was very angry, as if he had lost his left and right hands. After a day or two, Xiao He returned to Liu Bang's side. Liu Bang was angry and happy, and scolded Xiao He and said, "How can you run away?" Xiao He said, I don't dare to run, I am just chasing back a person. Liu Bang asked, who is chasing? Xiao He said to chase Han Xin. Liu Bang did not believe it. Xiao He talked about the importance of Han Xin's talent, which is unparalleled in the country, and if Liu Bang wants to unify the world, he must have Han Xin's assistance. Liu Bang said how about appointing Han Xin as a general in your face? Xiao He said that Ren Hanxin was a general, the officer was too small, and he would run away. Liu Bang said that I would appoint Han Xin as a general. Xiao He said, "Fortunately." Later, Xiao He also came up with the idea to ask Liu Bang to choose a good day, fast, set up an altar, and have a lily to worship Han Xin as a general. The general is equivalent to the commander-in-chief of the three services. Liu Bang followed Xiao He's idea, and the generals of Liu Bang's camp all thought that they would be made a general, and they were all very happy, and when it was Han Xin who sealed the general, they were surprised and surprised. This general was a small official in the Han army, a coward who had been humiliated by his crotch and ridiculed by the world.
Han Xin was appointed commander-in-chief of the three armed forces, and Liu Bang immediately asked him for advice on future strategic directions and decision-making goals. Han Xin analyzed and compared Liu Bang with Xiang Yu: brave and strong, Liu Bang is not as good as Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu is the courage of a puppet, the benevolence of a woman, the estrangement of heavy relatives, the failure to keep credibility, the cruelty to the people, the uneven hearts of the princes, the lack of attachment of the people, the loss of the hearts of the world, plus the inability to allow the virtuous to believe. Liu Bang only needed to go the opposite way with Xiang Yu. Liu Bang was asked to serve as a warrior in the world, reward the meritorious people with the title of the city, and return from Sidong with righteous soldiers. Liu Bang's popularity was that he entered Wuguan, and Qiu did not commit any crimes. Abolish the Qin Cao Law, and the law only has three chapters of the law. Liu Bang first entered Guanzhong as Wang Guanzhong, and it was Xiang Yu who did not keep his faith. Compared with the letter, Liu Bang was more popular than Xiang Yu. Liu Bang listened to Han Xin's words and was greatly pleased, thinking that he had won the letter late. Therefore, he obeyed Han Xin's military arrangements and prepared to launch a comprehensive counterattack on Xiang Yu, the king of Western Chu.
In August, Liu Bang raised an army to the east to leave Chen Cang and set up the Three Qins. The Three Qin regions were divided into three parts after Xiang Yu destroyed the State of Qin, and established three kings, named Yong Wang, Sai Wang, and Zhai Wang, known as the Three Qins. Zhang Handan was the King of Yong and Du Abandoned Qiu; Sima Xin was the King of Sai and Du Liyang; Dong Yi was the King of Zhai, and Du Gaonu was the King of Gaonu. In the second year of the Western Han Dynasty, the Han army went out of the customs and took over the Wei and Henan regions. Han Cheng, the King of Han, and Sima Yin, the King of Yin, surrendered. The State of Heqi and the State of Zhao jointly attacked the State of Chu. By April, at Pengcheng, the Han soldiers failed and returned. Han Xinfu gathered his troops and met Liu Bang, the king of Han, at Xingyang. Then the column troops were between the Chu state capital and Suo, so that the Chu army had no intention of looking west.
Due to the defeat of the Han army at Pengcheng, Sima Xin the Prince of Sai, Dong Feng the Prince of Zhai, the State of Qi, and the State of Zhao all betrayed their alliance against the Han and surrendered to Chu. Liu Bang sent an emissary Li Sheng to lobby The Wei King Leopard, but to no avail. Liu Bang appointed Han Xin as Zuo Cheng Xiang (左丞相) and attacked the State of Wei. King Sheng of Wei served Pusaka and Sai Linjin. Han Xin set up a suspicious army, and the soldiers were divided into two roads, one way to make a show of ships on the shore, hoping to cross the Linjin and confuse the Wei army; the other way from Xiayang to the wooden poppy crossing the army and attacking Anyi. The Han army captured the Wei king Leopard. Liu Bang later sent Zhang Er and Han Xin, the kings of Changshan, to lead troops eastward to attack the Zhao and Dai regions. Han Xin and Zhang Er had tens of thousands of troops and wanted to attack the Zhao state in the east. Zhao Xie, the king of Zhao, and Chen Yu, the king of Cheng'an, heard that Liu Banghan's army was coming, and gathered troops at Jingxingkou, claiming that there were 200,000. Guangwu Jun Li Zuoche made a military suggestion to Chen Yu: "Han Xin is too powerful, but there are shortcomings, we can take advantage of the terrain, Jingxing this place is narrow roads, so that the car can not be square track, riding can not be in a column." The most important thing in fighting a war is to strike at the enemy's logistical support. Give me 30,000 elite soldiers, and I will be absolutely heavy from the path. You will go deep in the ditch and high fortress, and you will not fight. So that Han Xin could not fight in front of him, and he could not return the troops when he retreated. My soldiers stood behind Han Xin's army so that they did not have the grain to loot. In less than 10 days, you can kill Han Xin and Zhang Er. "In military warfare, logistical support is particularly important, and if the enemy's logistics are cut off, it is equivalent to cutting off the enemy's lifeblood. Cheng Anjun Chen Yu is a typical nerd. This Intellectual, of the Confucian school, often says that the righteous army is not playing conspiracy tricks. He said to Li Zuoche: "The Art of War says that if the number of soldiers is ten times greater than that of the enemy, the enemy will be besieged. Fight twice as many as the enemy. Today, Han Xinbing claims to have tens of thousands of people, but in fact, there are only a few thousand. Being able to attack me from afar has become the extreme of using troops. What if I am afraid to avoid fighting today, and more troops attack me later? The other princes would think I was cowardly and would easily invade me. So he didn't listen to Li Zuoche's plan.
Han Xin sent spies to understand the situation, and was very happy to know that Chen Yu's plan had not adopted Li Zuoche's plan. Only then did he dare to march his army towards Jingxingkou. This is Han Xin's famous classic case of winning more with less: a battle against the water.
Han Xin led his army 30 miles away from jingxingkou and stopped advancing. At night, 2,000 light cavalry troops were selected for military tasks, each holding a red Han army flag, waiting for the opportunity from the xiaolu Mountain guard. Han Xin warned that when the Zhao army saw our army retreating, the whole army would definitely go out to chase after our army, and your 2,000 people would enter the Zhao Wall at a speed that could not be concealed, pull out the flag of the Zhao army, and replace it with the red flag of the Han army. At the same time, he also ordered general Pei to pass on the order to arrange food for all the officers and men of the army. He said, "Today's broken Zhao will eat." The generals did not believe it, and had to pretend to obey the order, "No." At the same time, he also went against the law of war and arranged for more than 10,000 people to line up behind the water. Zhao Jun laughed at the Han Army. At dawn, Han Xin set up a banner and marched to Jingxingkou with drums. The Zhao army opened the wall door to fight against Han Xin's army, and after a long battle, Han Xin and Zhang Er pretended to abandon the drum and flag and walked towards the water army. When Zhao Jun saw this, he thought that there was no doubt that he would defeat the Han army. The whole army went out to pursue Han Xin and Zhang Er. Han Xin's backwater army had no way to retreat, so they had to fight to the death. The Zhao army could not defeat the Han army. The ambushed 2,000 light cavalry took the opportunity to complete the work task and replaced the Zhao banner with the Han banner. The Zhao army could not defeat Han Xin's army and wanted to return Jianbi. Who knows that looking back at it is the banner of the Han Army. As a result, the Zhao army was all shocked, and the army's heart was greatly shaken, thinking that there were a large number of Han troops waiting for them inside the wall. The Zhao army was in chaos, and Zhao would not be able to stop the fleeing soldiers. The Han army attacked the Zhao army, destroyed the Zhao army, killed Cheng Anjun, and captured Zhao Wang Xie. Han Xin ordered Li Zuoche to be captured, treated him preferentially, and asked him to be a staff adviser. The generals were convinced of Han Xin.
Han Xin asked Li Zuoche for advice, I want to attack the Yan state to the north and attack the Qi state to the east, how to carry out military operations? Li Zuoche was very moved, analyzed the current situation for Han Xin, and said that the hard offensive force could not extricate itself, and it was better to first rest the army and stabilize the situation in ZhaoDi, and then lobby the Yan state, and the Yan state would submit, and the State of Qi would also follow suit. Han Xin listened to Li Zuoche's advice, and sure enough, Yan Guo submitted. He sent emissaries to report these war situations to Liu Bang, the king of Han, and at the same time, asked Zhang Er to be the king of Zhao and calm his country. Liu Bangli made Zhang Er the King of Zhao.
Han Xin's side was victorious, but Liu Bang was forced to breathe by Xiang Yu's army. The Chu army hurriedly besieged Liu Bang at Xingyang. Later, Liu Bang fled to Chenggao, and the Chu army besieged him again. Liu Bang and Xiahou Bao ran alone to Xiuwu's Zhang Er army, and early in the morning claimed to be a Han envoy to enter the Zhao military camp. Before Zhang Er and Han Xin could get up, Liu Bang went straight into his bedroom, seized their Seal Letter Soldier Charm, gathered the princes, and mobilized the positions of the princes. When Zhang Er and Han Xin got up, they learned that the King of Han had come, and they couldn't help but be shocked. The King of Han seized the two men's armies, ordered Zhang Er to garrison Zhao Territory, and appointed Han Xin as Xiang Guo. Collect Zhao soldiers who were not transferred to Xingyang to attack the State of Qi. Han Xin led his troops to attack Qi in the east, but did not reach the plain ferry port, and learned that Li Sheng had said that Qi had returned to Han. Han Xin wanted to stop, but Fan Yang's debater Pu Tong advised Han Xin, saying, "The general was instructed to attack the State of Qi, and the King of Han only sent a secret envoy to persuade the State of Qi to submit, is there an edict telling you to stop the attack?" Moreover, Li Sheng was just a lobbyist, with three inches of tongue to surrender more than 70 cities in the State of Qi, the general commanded tens of thousands of horses, and it took more than a year to capture more than 50 cities in Zhao. Han Xin listened to Pu Tong's words and led his troops across the river to attack Qi. At this time, the State of Qi had already decided to surrender to Han, and the guard against the Han army was relaxed, and Han Xin took the opportunity to attack the army under qi stationed under the calendar, and fought all the way to Linzi. Qi Wang Tian Guang was horrified, believing that Li Sheng had betrayed himself, so he boiled him to death. After the King of Qi fled to Gaomi, he sent someone to ask Chu for help.
Xiang Yu arranged for his loyal general Long Ji to lead an army of 200,000 to save Qi. Long He had always looked down on Han Xin for two things; one was that Han Xin had been humiliated by the crotch of the asshole; and the other was that Han Xin had been an ordinary creep under Xiang Yu. Some people advised General Long not to fight with Han Xin easily, but to wait for work and focus on defending the wall, and when Han Xin's army ran out of food, it would naturally make the Han army chaotic without a fight. Dragons and lose to light enemies. When Han Xin confronted the Chu army, he ordered more than 10,000 people to build more than 10,000 sand-filled tools to block the weishui river and lure the enemy to pursue. When the dragon was lured to Weishui and prepared to cross the water, the water broke and overwhelmed the Chu army. Then return to the army to attack. As a result of this battle, Long He was killed and Tian Guang fled. When the Chu army was pursued to the Chengyang area, the Chu army was defeated.
In the fourth year of han, Han Xin then pacified the Qi region. As the credit grows. Han Xin's desire for power grew, and he wanted Liu Bang to make him the acting King of Qi. When Liu Bang heard the news, he was very angry. Because the main force of the Chu army besieged Liu Bang in Xingyang, and Han Xin only thought of his official position and treatment, only thought of his own glory and wealth, and did not care about Liu Bang's life and death. When Liu Bang wanted to have a seizure, Zhang Liang, who was standing nearby, hinted at Liu Bang. Liu Bang woke up. If he does not agree to Han Xin's request, Han Xin may be very dissatisfied, and it may be possible that he will oppose Han, start his own business, and crown himself. Liu Bang was incapable of controlling. So Liu Bang made Han Xin the King of Qi, rather than acting as the King of Qi. This was done to stabilize Han Xin's heart.
Chu Xiangyu died of the powerful general Long Ji, and the conceited King of Chu realized that this inferior soldier who had rationalized himself in the past was already his fierce enemy. So he sent emissaries to persuade Han Xin, the king of Qi, to turn to him or divide the world with him. Han Xin thought that Xiang Yu had treated himself very thinly before, and that the official was no more than Lang Zhong, a section-level cadre; he was no more than a stubborn person who guarded the gate for Xiang Yu. Liu Bang treated Han Xin very well, and was a high-ranking official, and he was also respectful and obedient. In comparison, Liu Bang was still better to himself, and betraying Liu Bang, the King of Han, was contrary to morality and auspicious. The Qi people had an intellectual named Pu Tong, who wanted to find a boss to work as a senior worker. Pu Tong wanted to persuade Qi Wang Hanxin to start his own business and lay a foundation for himself. In the name of seeing the appearance, Pu Tong lobbied Han Xin, the king of Qi. The main purpose was to persuade Han Xin to break away from Liu Bang, the King of Han, and to take over the world himself. Han Xin believed that he had contributed to Han, and the merit was great, and Han could not do without him, plus Liu Bang gave him a lot of small favors and small favors, and he could not bear to rebel. So he thanked Pu Tong for his kindness and did not listen to rationalization suggestions. If Han Xin listened to Qu Tong's words and took action, then China's history would have to be rewritten, and it would be Han Xin who would unify China. Kuo informed That han xin was not moving, so he pretended to be neurotic and pretended to be a god stick, as a way to protect his life.
Liu Bang, who no longer really trusted Han Xin at this time, deprived Han Xin of his military power after besieging Xiang Yu yu and eliminating the forces of his enemy Xiang Yu. After a long time, he also changed Han Xin from king of Qi to king of Chu.
As the king of Chu, Han Xin was grateful. He wants to repay three people: the first person is the drifting mother, which is the object of sincere gratitude. The drifting mother gave him food when he was hungry. He gave thousands of dollars to the drifting mother to repay the favor. The second person was the head of the Nanchang Pavilion in the countryside, who had asked him to send food. Although he was blinded and insulted by his wife, he had eaten at his house after all. He gave a hundred dollars in return for his kindness. The third is the. Originally, Han Xin could have ordered someone to cut off the asshole's head, but he couldn't do it. Han Xin said to the generals, "When this mighty warrior insults me, why can't I kill him with my bare hands?" But killing him is nameless, and I will be imprisoned. If I had lived one life at a time, I would not have had today. So, I endured to this day. In order to prove that he was not a narrow-minded person, Han Xinfeng, a bastard, became a lieutenant of Chu Guo.
Han Xin had a good relationship with Zhong Liyi, a general in Xiang Yu's camp. After Xiang Yu's death, General Zhong defected to Han Xin. Liu Bang had a personal holiday with Zhong Liyi, and heard that the surname Zhong was in the territory of the Chu State, so he issued an edict asking Han Xin to arrest and arrest him. Han Xin liked Chen Bing to come and go, and was framed by someone who falsely accused him of rebellion. Liu Bang obeyed Chen Ping's plan and went to Yunmeng to hunt the princes. In fact, the real purpose is to trap Han Xin. Han Xin was still in the dark, but he was very hesitant in his heart and uneasy about Liu Bang's arrival. Han Xin wanted to rebel, and felt that he was not at fault, Liu Bang should not be able to deal with himself; he wanted to see Liu Bang, and he was afraid of being arrested by Liu Bang. A strategist came up with the idea of asking Han Xin to offer the head of Zhong Liming's friend to Liu Bang, the king of Han, because Zhong Liming was Liu Bang's enemy, and doing so would please Liu Bang. Han Xin discussed this matter with Zhong Liming, and General Zhong was very angry, saying, "Han therefore does not attack Chu, so he is in the public office." If you want to arrest me to flatter yourself to the Han, I will die today, and the public will die with it. Then he scolded Han Xin for being "not an elder", and Zhong Li committed suicide. Han Xin held the head of the man who was far away from the bell and asked Liu Bang for credit. Who knew that Liu Bang tied up his five flowers. Han Xin said: "If people say, 'If a cunning rabbit dies, a good dog cooks; a high bird is exhausted, a good bow is hidden; the enemy country is broken, and the courtiers are killed.'" The world has been settled, and my good dog should be cooked! Liu Bang replied, "Someone has sued you for treason." Escort Han Xin to Luoyang. Liu Bang pardoned Han Xin for his capital offense, but only demoted his title from Prince to Marquis of Huaiyin.
After Han Xin was demoted to the Title of Marquis of Huaiyin, he knew that Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang feared his talents, so he often pretended to be ill and did not participate in the court or travel with him. Han Xin became increasingly resentful and sullen at home. He was ashamed to be in the same position as Zhou Bo of The Marquis of Daihou and Marquis Of Yingyang. Once when Han Xin went to visit Fan Duo, Fan Duoxing knelt down to pay homage and greet him, and said, "It is really the glory of the king who is willing to come to the door of his subordinates. After Han Xin went out, he smiled and said, "In my life, I have actually been in the same line as Fan Duo!" Gaozu Liu Bang was happy to often chat with Han Xin about the superiority of the generals' talents, and Liu Bang asked, "If I can do what?" Han Xin said, "Your Majesty can only send 100,000." Liu Bang asked, "What about Yu Jun?" Han Xin said, "The more the more the better the ear." Liu Bang smiled and said, "The more the merrier, what is my bird?" Han Xin said, "Your Majesty cannot be a general, but a good general is a good general, which is the reason why he is His Majesty's bird." And His Majesty's so-called heavenly gifts are not human beings. ”
Han Xin used the time he was under house arrest to do a job with Zhang Liang, sorting out the military books since the pre-Qin Dynasty, and obtained a total of one hundred and eighty-two families. This is the first large-scale collation of military books in China's history, which has laid a scientific foundation for China's military academic research.
Han Xin was not willing to be trapped by Liu Bang for the rest of his life like Zhang Xueliang was under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek. Once, Chen Feng was made the sheriff of Julu County, and came to bid farewell to Han Xin. Han Xin resigned, took Chen Feng's hand and looked up at the sky and sighed, "Can you talk to me about your heart?" I have something to say to you. Chen Feng said that everything was obeyed by the general's orders. Han Xin said, "The place under your jurisdiction is a place where the elite soldiers of the world are gathered, and you are also a courtier favored by Your Majesty's cronies, and if anyone says that you are plotting rebellion, Your Majesty will not believe it; if anyone accuses you of rebellion, Your Majesty will have doubts; if someone sues you for rebellion for the third time, Your Majesty will be furious and personally lead the army to conquest." If I do the internal response for you in the capital, you can plot the world. Chen Fengpingsu understood Han Xin's talents, believed in his plan, and said that he would obey Han Xin's instructions.
In 197 BC, Chen Feng did indeed rebel. Liu Bang personally led the army to suppress the rebellion. Han Xin deliberately claimed to be ill and did not go out with Liu Bang. At the same time, he sent someone to Chen Feng's residence to drop the message, "Brother raises an army, I will help the prince from now on." Han Xin conspired with his courtiers to send an edict to pardon the prisoners and slaves in the evening, and organized an army to attack Lü Hou and the crown prince. One of Han Xin's disciples offended Han Xin, and Han Xin imprisoned him. The disciple's younger brother secretly informed Lü Hou of Han Xin's rebellion. Lü Hou had no clear evidence, only to deceive Han Xin. Therefore, Lü Hou consulted with Xiao He of Xiangguo, saying that Chen Feng had been killed and that all the princes and courtiers should come to the palace to pay tribute. Because of his friendship with Xiao He, Han Xin entered the dynasty, and Lü Hou sent warriors to tie Han Xin up, behead him in the bell room of the Changle Palace, and exterminate the three han xin clans (father, mother, and wife). When Han Xin was about to be beheaded, he said, "I don't need to be tricked by a woman, but I am deceived by a woman. A generation of military wizards Han Xin was 33 years old when he died. When Liu Bang heard that Han Xin had died, he was happy and sympathetic to him. Happily, his own Liu Clan Jiangshan, without a powerful opponent, can be safely passed on from generation to generation, removing the obstacles to power for his descendants. Sympathetically, pity this rare military scientist, genius, wizard, great hero has passed away. Liu Bang originally wanted to be angry with Pu Tong and wanted to cook and kill Pu Tong. Qu Tong cried out for wrongdoing to defend himself. Tong: "Oh, wronged Henya! Shang: "If you teach Han xin to rebel, why should you be wronged?" "Qin Zhigang is absolutely relaxed, Shandong is greatly disturbed, different surnames arise together, and handsome Wuji." Qin lost his deer, and the whole world chased it away, so those with high materials and diseases were the first to get it. The dog barks, yao is not unkind, and the dog is not its master because it barks. When it was, the subject only knew Han Xin, not His Majesty. Moreover, there are many people in the world who are sharp and fierce, and Gu Li cannot hear it. And can it be evil? Emperor Gao said, "Leave it alone." "It is a sin of liberation.
Han Xin did not want to rebel, but only when he was distrusted by Liu Bang and suppressed, he became rebellious. It can also be said that Han Xin was forced to rebel by Liu Bang. In fact, Han Xin wanted to learn from General Wang Qi to ask Liu Bang for more land and gold and silver treasures like Qin Shi Huang, or to cultivate Taoist immortals like Zhang Liang, or to sail the sea like Fan Li, so that the ruler emperor could rest assured. Only in this way can we protect ourselves.
As senior executives, we can learn the following lessons from Hanshin's story:
First, managers must have an entrepreneurial spirit. Individuals and groups should be good at using the resources they have and control, and constantly pursue career growth and value-creating activities through innovation to achieve the purpose and meaning of career growth. There must be an organization that can strive to seek opportunities, focusing on the connection between theory and practice, and social responsibility and efficiency as the core.
The second is to use the means of obtaining competitive intelligence. No matter what kind of management and what kind of problems are handled, the intelligence system is an indispensable system. Of course, when obtaining business intelligence, it is important not to break the law. There are many ways to do it, such as pretending to be a journalist and getting information from managers. Send employees to work with competitors and learn about intelligence. Collect competitor waste and garbage, you can find some clues. Buy competitors' shares to get annual reports and other company information, etc.
The third is to be good at identifying environmental opportunities and competitive advantages. Managers need to identify several potential sources of opportunity. Famous management scientist Peter. Drucker suggested several sources of opportunity: the unexpected, the incongruous, the necessity of the process, the structure of industries and markets, demographics, cognitive changes, and new knowledge.
Fourth, we must be good at getting along with our superiors. The completion of the work sometimes depends on the support of the boss. With the support of various resources, the employees can do a good job. Without support, employees sometimes work "smart women are difficult to cook without rice". If your boss is promoted, you may be able to take over the position of your original boss.
Fifth, when making policy decisions, we must be decisive and not indecisive. Decisive decision-making, although there is an element of risk-taking in it, often preempts opportunities. Timely and decisive decision-making is to seize the opportunity, originally there are not many opportunities in this world, and some opportunities are fleeting. Indecision is often a waste of time, missed opportunities, and outweighs the losses.
Second example: Zhang Tang
In various organizations, the most likely thing to cause the collapse and decay of the organization is the disunity of internal members, such as the struggle for power and profit, the open struggle for secrets, the conspiracy to fight, and the mutual betrayal. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, which laid the foundation of half of the Qing Dynasty government, and finally the leaders were defeated and killed, and the regime collapsed, because the taiping heavenly kingdom executives engaged in corruption and corruption, which caused disunity, and engaged in power and profit, mutual suspicion, and brotherhood. This phenomenon is common in business, and we sometimes call it office politics. In particular, the centrifugal separation between executives and the mutual non-payment are as terrible as the cancer cells in the body of the organization' life.
Think about it, if you want to complete a good job task, but your colleagues or superiors do not give support and help, but also give you a trip and sabotage behind your back, your work is not done well, whose loss? Your loss may be that you are criticized or punished for not doing a good job, but the biggest loss is the organization. The organization loses cohesion, the organization loses economics, the organization's goodwill is affected, the organization loses customers and consumers, and the organization loses its market and share. In the end, if the organization collapses, everyone will lose their jobs.
We look back at the history of the Han Dynasty to see how the cool officials eliminated dissidents, framed others, and caused their subordinates to take revenge and die.
Zhang Tang was a cadre's son, and one day his father went out and arranged for his son to guard the family. Who knew that there were rats against them and stole the meat stored by the Zhang family. At that time, the food was not abundant, and Zhang Tang's father's salary was not high. After returning, he thought that Zhang Tang had eaten the meat, and he was very angry and beat Zhang Tang. After the wronged Xiao Zhang found the thief who stole the meat, he cosplayed it in a similar way. He plays the role of a judicial officer who hears the theft case, and the procedures and trial documents are meticulous, just like the old judge who handles the case. His father was very pleased to see this scene, so he recommended his son to engage in judicial work and become a judicial cadre.
Zhang Tang would not be willing to be a small judge. He wanted to find nobles to help him take a helicopter into the political arena. Zhou Yanghou Zhao, one of the Nine Qings, was imprisoned in Chang'an, and Zhang Tang did his best to help him win the trust of Zhou Yanghou. Zhou Yanghou was very grateful to Zhang Tang after he was released from prison through a relationship. Zhou Yanghou threw himself into Li, repaid him with peaches, introduced Zhang Tang to make friends with powerful people, and built a network of upper-level interpersonal relations. Zhang Tang was proud of the spring breeze in his future career. He first served in neishifu, and was appreciated by Ning Cheng as a subordinate of Ning Cheng. Later, he served as an official under Hou Tian of Wu'an in the XiangFu Province, and was very highly valued. He was promoted to an official of the Discipline Inspection Commission and handled a case that the emperor liked very much, which was Empress Chen's "witch deception case." Even the emperor knew about him and admired him, and he was promoted to an official and became the Taizhong Doctor. At that time, many legal provisions, principles, and procedures were formulated by him and Zhao Yu. The legislative power, except for the emperor, was manipulated by the two of them. Zhang Tang was still cautious about Zhao Yu and established a brotherly relationship with him. Zhao Yu was reluctant to make friends so as not to interfere with judicial justice. Zhang Tang was a bit treacherous and cunning, and when he was a petty official, he was not very clean, and he used his power to accept bribes, demand bribes, and secretly embezzle other people's property. He also interacted with the merchants Tian Jia and Yu Weng Shu of Chang'an. As he rose through the ranks, he slowly restrained himself from corruption and bribery, and also took in and accepted some celebrities and dignitaries, and he pretended to admire them. These celebrities, dignitaries, and influential intellectuals would help Zhang Tang to make public opinion propaganda and consolidate Zhang Tang's official position and position. Zhang Tang is indeed more cunning and has great wisdom.
Zhang Tang knew that it was not easy for him to have today's position, he must always stabilize his official position, he must have an umbrella and a backstage. This umbrella and backstage must be the emperor of the highest power. Only the emperor can make his official fortunes prosperous and powerful. Therefore, he must be favored and liked by the emperor. There is a way to this trick of pampering. There is only one truth: to figure out the thoughts of the superior leaders, to follow the intentions of the superiors, and to do what the superiors like. Zhang Tang did these things that pleased the emperor: knowing that the emperor liked Confucianism, he would attach Confucianism to the handling of cases; give credit to the emperor for difficult cases, and blame the mistakes to himself; those who the emperor liked would be dealt with lightly if they committed crimes, and those who the emperor did not like would be dealt with severely; for cases of powerful and powerful people, they would try their best to punish crimes, and for cases of ordinary people, they would ask the emperor to adjudicate. The aim is to combat the powerful and support the vulnerable. Haoqiang was the evil forces and clan forces at that time.
Zhang Tang is very good at buying people's hearts, and if he wants to recommend which person to become an official, he will only talk about the advantages of which person, not the shortcomings. He often invited guests to dinner to win over feelings. He often took good care of his friends and relatives who were in financial difficulty and gave some financial assistance. He often visited the Three Princes and Nine Secretaries, no matter how hot or cold it was, so that the Three Princes and Nine Secretaries admired him as a person. He liked to cling to the famous Confucian intellectuals, and he also changed his previous corruption and became a clean official. The interpersonal work he did removed many obstacles to his promotion, although he enforced the law unfairly, used harsh punishments, and even Gongsun Hong, the prime minister who was born as a prison guard, praised Zhang Tang's talent in many public occasions. Zhang Tanghou was accepted in the trial of Liu An the King of Huainan, Liu Ci the King of Hengshan, and Liu Jian, the King of Jiangdu, for asking the Emperor for permission to severely punish Wu and Yan Shu, and was adopted at odds with the Emperor's opinion, which won the respect of some people, and after this incident, he was promoted to the Secretary of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission, and the Han Dynasty called this official position Yushi Dafu.
At that time, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty fought against the Xiongnu for many years, and the foreign race was devastated. Leading the battle were the great generals Wei Qing and Huo Fuyi. The Hun evil king of the Xiongnu came to surrender, and Emperor Wu of han took advantage of the victory and marched into a large-scale army against the Xiongnu. After the floods in Shandong, the drought displaced the local people, and at that time, the government relief was carried out, but the treasury was empty. As a result, Zhang Tang messed up his duties and overpowered the finance minister. He proposed the issuance of platinum and five-baht currency, the introduction of government operations in the cast iron metallurgy and salt industry, the establishment of state-owned enterprises, and the exclusion of private enterprises. The Han Dynasty issued and implemented edicts to severely crack down on powerful forces. Zhang Tang often talked to the emperor about fiscal policy, to the point of forgetting to eat and sleep. This is tantamount to seizing the power of the Prime Minister, making it useless. At that time, the major affairs of state affairs were decided by Zhang Tang. Due to the toss of Zhang Tang, there was chaos in the country.
The people were restless and riotous. The county magistrate did not gain any profit, raped the officials and invaded the fishing, so he was bitterly convicted. From the gongqing below to the shuren salty finger soup. ——— (Hanshu vol. 59, Zhang Tangchuan XXIX)
A series of policies planned by Zhang Tang have been in crisis, and there have been turmoil and corruption. Moreover, state-owned enterprises are in a state of non-profitability. In addition, Zhang Tang likes to take the upper route, which leads to the accusation of Zhang Tang by the Gongqing Doctor and the common people. However, the emperor favored Zhang Tang, and when Zhang Shuji was ill, Emperor Wu of Han personally visited his home to visit the disease.
The Xiongnu put forward the idea of peace and affinity, and at the meeting of the Central Committee, Di Shan, a subordinate doctor of Taichang Province, proposed peace and affinity, but Emperor Wu of Han's policy toward the Xiongnu was always based on war. Emperor Wu of Han consulted Zhang Tang, who accused Di Shan of being stupid in supporting and pro-family. Di Shan's self-esteem was hurt, so he sarcastically ridiculed Zhang Tang for being a false loyalty in the trial of the case of the King of Huainan, and Ping Su's behavior was a false loyalty. Emperor Wu of Han changed his face, arranged for Di Shan to guard the fortress, and cut off his head by the hand of the Xiongnu.
Zhang Tang excluded dissidents for the officials, offending and harming some people (Yushi Zhongzhong Li Wen, Zhao Wang, Cheng Xiangzhuang Qingzhai, Acting Chief Shi Zhu Maichen, Acting Chief Shi Wangchao, Acting Chief Shi Biantong, And Jie Xuan). Li Wen, a native of Hedong, was promoted to deputy secretary of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission, and once had a grudge with Zhang Tang, wanted to retaliate against Zhang Tang, and tried his best to collect materials that could be used to take revenge on Zhang Tang. Zhang Tang had a close subordinate named Lu Yuju who knew that Li Wen had a festival with his superiors, so he wrote a false accusation letter to report Li Wen, and after the emperor handed the case over to Zhang Tang, Zhang Tang also declared a personal vendetta and killed Li Wen. For King Zhao, Zhang Tang often ostracized him, and Lu Juju often investigated King Zhao's crimes, causing King Zhao to hate Zhang Tang and write to report Zhang Tang's sins. For The Chancellor Zhuang Qingzhai, in the incident of someone stealing the property of the tomb of Emperor Wen, Zhuang Qingzhai made an appointment with Zhang Tang to apologize to the emperor together, and Zhang Tang also wanted to punish the crime of dereliction of duty according to the law. Zhu Maichen loved to read before he had a hairline, his family was very poor, he cut firewood for a living, and he liked to chop wood while reading and singing. His wife felt ashamed to follow him and asked for a divorce. Zhu Maichen said to his wife, I was fifty years old when I was rich, and now that I am more than forty, I will develop, and his wife will not marry him or divorce him, and he will later become an official and move into the ranks of the Nine Secretaries. Zhu Maichen, Wang Chao, and Bian Tong were bullied and humiliated by Zhang Tang and hated Zhang Tang to the bone. So the three acting chiefs Shi went through the soup with The Chancellor, took in the tainted witness Tian Xin, and reported the situation to Emperor Wu of Han. King Zhao was responsible for reporting Zhang Tang's case, and reported the materials that could cure Zhang Tang's crimes to Emperor Wu of Han. The emperor was annoyed that Zhang Tang had deceived himself. Emperor Wu of Han sent eight batches of pre-trial judges to interrogate Zhang Tang, but he did not plead guilty. Later, he sent his good friend Zhao Yu to try the case, and Zhang Tang said, "The person who plotted to trap Tang, the three long histories also", committed suicide.
After Zhang Tang became a high official, he corrected his previous behavior of embezzlement and perverting the law, and after his death, all the property in the family was only five hundred gold. The five hundred gold were all salary income and bonuses given by the emperor. Originally, relatives and friends wanted to bury Zhang Tang, but he was stopped by his mother. Someone reported these matters to Emperor Wu of Han, who re-investigated the matter and killed Zhu Maichen, Wang Chao, and Bian Tong. Cheng Xiangzhuang Qingzhai also committed suicide.
Zhang Tang was an official, and he didn't know how many people died in vain at his hands, and finally he ended up committing suicide.
As a manager, we should learn and sum up lessons from Zhang Tang's behavior as an official:
One is to avoid coercive style in the organization. Members who like the forced style always want to win conflicts by losing the interests of others. When the interests of other members are damaged, negative emotions and hostile feelings will arise, which will hinder and destroy the completion of the task in the work. The root cause of disunity and conflict is that one side feels that its interests are being opposed or negatively influenced by the other.
The second is to understand their work responsibilities and not to exceed their authority. Both the statement of work and the statement of responsibilities clearly stipulate what work each position should do, has its own scope of authority, and does not infringe on the power of the other party. Do your job well and pursue perfection. Although it is about teamwork, it is a collective work task, and the other party has not sought support or authorization, and should not overstep its authority to replace other people's work. Your substitution of someone else's work is tantamount to dereliction of duty, and the interpersonal conflict is caused by your actions.
Third, the rules and regulations of enterprises should be strictly enforced. Do not play with rules and regulations because of the subjective likes and dislikes of leaders, there are rules that are not followed, there are orders that are not followed, and there are laws that are not obeyed, which will cause enterprises to have management chaos or act according to unspoken rules, and various systems will be a blank piece of paper and useless.
Fourth, employees who like to speculate on the minds of leaders should be used with caution. Managers should keep their eyes open to identifying talents, and if employees with bad moral character are appointed to important management positions, they should be controlled to avoid making mistakes.
Fifth, unity is strength. A team of cooperation, collaboration can play a 1 +1>2 collective effect. For office politics, it is necessary to use corporate culture to restrain it, to be vigilant against it, to turn it from negative to positive.
Sixth, as a manager, we must build a harmonious interpersonal network. The manager's working relationship network should have the following resources: financial resources (banks, shareholders, etc.), bosses or boards of directors, parallel colleagues, direct subordinate employees, non-direct subordinates, government and news media, public groups, customers, suppliers and competitors. Maintain close relationships with some of these networks. This is of great help to the manager's work and career.
The third example: Zhuang Jia
Whether it is a country or an enterprise, talent is always the theme of the organization. Countries and companies that do not have top talents cannot be strong and powerful. Because, these talents are guiding the direction and setting standards. It is like a bright light that appears in the darkness, bringing light and prospect to the organization.
There is such a figure in Chinese history, his name is Sima Rang Tho. At that time, during the Jinggong period of the State of Qi, the State of Jin invaded the A and Zhen regions, and the State of Yan invaded the Heshang region. The state of Qi fell into an embattled environment and sent troops to resist, resulting in a major defeat. Qi Jinggong was in a hurry, and at this time, a sage named Yan Bao recommended Sima Yong Tho to relieve the monarch's worries and save the country. Yan Bao served as a courtier under the Linggong of Qi, duke Zhuang, and Duke Jing, and was highly respected. He personally likes to be frugal, eating very little meat and mainly vegetarian food. His wife and concubine wore coarse cloth clothes and did not wear high-grade fabrics such as drapes. Moreover, he dared to advise the country directly, and he liked to give advice. At that time, he was the most famous secretary of state. Yan Bao said, "Although Yong Tho is a sin of the Tian clan, its humanity can be attached to the masses, and its martial power can be used to intimidate the enemy. Qi Jinggong took Yan Bao's suggestion and interviewed Sima Yong Tho to exchange military ideas with him. Sima Rang Tho's conversation and knowledge impressed Qi Jinggong. Qi Jinggong was extremely pleased and immediately appointed Sima Rang Tho as a military commander to defend against the enemy army.
Sima Rang Tho took the opportunity to make a request. "The subjects are lowly, the kings are promoted to the ranks, and above the doctors, the soldiers are not attached, the people do not believe, the people speak softly, and they are willing to be favored by the king, and the respect of the country, and to supervise the army." ——— (Chronicle of History, Vol. 64, Sima Rang Tho Liechuan 4)
A top talent took a helicopter from a civilian to an army commander, and whether it was a civilian or military official or a commoner, the people of Lebanon were not familiar with him, would not listen to his words, and it was more difficult to manage the army. To establish his authority, Sima Yong must kill people. Kill whom? Kill Qi Jinggong's favorite minister Zhuang Jia Shuwei. Shangmartin has engaged in "moving wood with thousands of gold" to build trust and establish prestige. Liu Bang built a prayer platform and fasted, and the courtesy also allowed Han Xin to establish his prestige. The leaders of state organizations and enterprise organizations are always surrounded by loyal and traitorous ministers, clean officials and corrupt officials. It's just that traitors and corrupt officials have not been exposed, and the leaders of state organizations and enterprise organizations do not know it. Moreover, loyal subjects are too straight to attract people's liking; traitors are the most hypocritical and can most read the minds of leaders, so leaders like traitors the most. Therefore, the leaders of state organizations and enterprise organizations with bad eyes sometimes regard traitors as loyal subjects and are favored. Sima Yong Tho knew that Qi Jinggong's favorite minister Zhuang Jia was in power, endangering national security. Also aware of his proposal, the Qi Jing Guild arranged for Zhuang Jia to be the overseer of the army. The later drama is to use zhuang jia's head to establish prestige and seize the opportunity to get rid of the big traitors who have harmed the country and the people.
Qi Jinggong did arrange for Zhuang Jia to be the superintendent of the army, and Sima Rang Tho made an appointment with the supervising army to assemble at the military camp at noon during the day. Sima Rang Tho went to the barracks first and used hourglass clocks to keep track of the time and wait for the supervision of the army. Zhuang Jia considered himself to be the king's Pang Chen, plus Gui was the overseer of the army, and he was on an equal footing with Sima Hoang Tho, and Sima Hoang Tho did not dare to do anything to him. Therefore, Zhuang Jia was assured and bold to drink with his relatives and friends to congratulate himself on being a superintendent. At noon, when the appointed time arrived, Sima Rang Tho knocked down the hourglass bell and stressed military discipline with the generals. It wasn't until late afternoon that Zhuang Jia finally arrived at the barracks. Sima asked him why he was late, and Zhuang Jia answered him truthfully. Sima Yong Tho criticized him: "When he is ordained, he forgets his home, when he is restrained by the army, he forgets his relatives, and when he is in a hurry to help the drum, he forgets his body." Now the enemy country is deeply invaded, and there is turmoil in the state. The soldiers are exposed to the situation, the king is restless, the food is not good, and the lives of the people are hanging on the king. What a send-off! "The meaning is that as a military general, we must forget our family, forget our relatives, and forget our bodies." Now that the great enemy is present, the lives of the people, and the security of the country are all tied to us military generals, are you in the mood to hold a celebration banquet for the supervision of the army?
Sima Yong Tho asked the military discipline enforcement officers, how should the late generals and native soldiers be dealt with according to military law? The magistrate said, "Be chopped." Zhuang Jia was in a hurry and arranged for his subordinates to enter the palace to ask Qi Jinggong to give orders to save him. Sima Rang Tho chopped first and then played, carrying Zhuang Jia's head for all the soldiers to see. The soldiers of the three armies were shocked, surprised, and frightened. Jing Gong sent emissaries to save Zhuang Jia, who knew that Zhuang Jia was already in a different place. The messenger rode into the barracks on horseback, and also violated the military law and was beheaded. Sima Rang Tho replied to the emissary, "General in the army, the king's order is not affected." ”
The messenger was frightened, thinking that Sima Rang Tho was going to kill him. Sima Rang Tho let go of the messenger and said, "The messenger of the king must not be killed." "The messenger of the king cannot be killed, but the military law is violated, and there must be punishment." It's just that the object becomes a retinue with horses. Sima Rang Tho beheaded the emissaries and horses sent by King Qi Jing and let all the generals of the army know about it. When Shang Martin changed the law, the prince committed a crime and did not punish the prince, but punished his teachers. During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Zhou Bo's son Zhou Yafu, the Marquis of Tiao, staged a similar story of emphasizing military discipline at the Xiaoliu Military Camp.
Sima Hoang Tho loved the soldiers, cared for their shelter, cared for their diet, cared for sick soldiers, and cared for the old, weak, sick and disabled. He greeted his subordinates warmly and cared for him. He shared the weal and woe with his soldiers. When preparing to fight the enemy, the sick soldiers asked to go to the front, and the rest of the soldiers bravely asked to go to the front. Sima Hoang Tho succeeded in gaining hearts and minds. His prestige has made all the generals happy.
The invading army of the Jin Dynasty heard about Sima Rang Tho's deeds and withdrew. The invading army of the Yan state heard about Sima Rang Tho's deeds and retreated. Sima Hoang chased them and took back the lost city and land. Because the Jin and Yan masters knew that at this time, the Qi army had become the tiger and wolf division under the inspiration of Sima Rang Tho, and they were all killed. So, it's better not to compete with it. After Sima Rang's class returned to the dynasty, Qi Jinggong and his hundred officials went to the outskirts to welcome him back. Qi Jing rewarded the whole army and honored Sima Rang Tho as the Grand Sima (大司馬).
As a manager, we should learn and summarize the following lessons:
First, we must abide by the rules and discipline, strictly demand ourselves, and take the lead in not violating any rules and regulations. It is necessary to resolutely resist and criticize acts that violate laws and discipline. There must be penalties for sabotage of organizations. There must be a perfect reward and punishment system, and those who should be rewarded must be punished, and those who should be punished must be punished. Managers are not good gentlemen, don't be good gentlemen.
The second is that it is the privileged strata of the organization that often undermine the system and do not comply with the rules. Executives, middle management, directors, supervisors are all privileged classes. Institutionally, we must treat all people equally. For the privileged class, failure to comply with the enterprise system must be severely punished to set an example. Don't kill chickens to show monkeys, kill monkeys to show chickens.
The third is to unremittingly grasp the execution of the force for a long time. Enterprises without execution will not be competitive. Execution is top-down, not bottom-up. First grasp the execution from the senior management, and then implement the execution at the next level. Execution should be managed according to the "Enterprise Execution Matrix". We must rule by law, not by man. Chinese as a leader, I like to hold all the power in my hands the most, I like to rule by man, and I don't like the rule of law. Then after reading this article, please change your past practices and emphasize the rule of law over the rule of man.
The fourth is to care about employees' food, clothing, shelter and transportation. It is necessary to improve the treatment of employees. It is wrong to ask the horse to run and the horse not to graze. Only when the horse has eaten enough grass can it run. The yellow-skinned horse can't run if it wants to. The organization will touch the employees by booing and greeting and caring for them. People's hearts are long, you as the boss, as an executive cares about employees, employees will understand, will find ways to return the company and the organization.
The fifth is to treat employees equally, not to discriminate against employees, and to pay special attention to the vulnerable groups in the organization.
The sixth is meritocracy, recommending truly talented employees to management. Those who have good character do not necessarily have practical ability, and those who have practical ability do not necessarily have good character. As long as the talented employee is a person who understands, can abide by the laws and regulations of the state, can abide by the rules and regulations of the enterprise, and reuse them will not make too much mistake.
Fourth example: Chaotic error
For change management, every newly appointed manager has several ways to deal with it: either to be conservative and manage according to the original model; or to gradually change and make small changes to the original management system; or to suddenly change the original management mechanism subversively and destructively.
There is a Chinese saying that "the gun strikes the head bird". There is an idiom that says, "Wood is in the forest, and the wind will destroy it; when it comes out of the shore, the flow will be turbulent; if it is higher than the people, the multitude will not be destroyed." The meaning of these words is that people who are capable, capable, virtuous, and dare to stand out tend to make a small number of mediocre people feel frustrated and psychologically traumatized, so they will not like the excellent people who rush ahead. Even because of jealousy, it hinders the psychology, destroys the psychology, and does not want to let the excellent people do everything as they wish. In a society where the rule of law is not perfect, excellent people are often plotted and persecuted by villains.
Change management, in particular, is necessary to remove the interests of some vested interest groups, and it is obvious that they will be opposed and resisted. There are many examples of failures in the changes in Chinese history, such as Wang Anshi's transformation of the law, the Hundred Days Restoration, and so on.
Now let me tell you the story of the failure of the chaotic reform that occurred during the Jingdi period of the Western Han Dynasty.
Chao's place of origin is Yingchuan County, Yuzhou. He studied with Teacher Zhang Huixian the doctrine of the rule of law of Shen Wu and Shang Martingale. Because of his good writing skills, he became a minor official of Taichang Temple, and later became a prince, a door doctor, and a family order. He was valued and appreciated by the crown prince, the later Emperor Jing of Han, for his ability to speak eloquently. The prince's family called him "think tank".
At that time, the Western Han Dynasty learned the lessons of the Qin Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Warring States, and proposed that "no king can be a king without the Liu clan". Liu Bang eliminated Han Xin the King of Chu, Peng Yue the King of Liang, Yingbu the Prince of Huainan, and other princes, and made some of the Liu family's descendants and relatives kings. The king's place of jurisdiction is called the princely kingdom. The taxes of the princely state belonged to the king of Liu, and should not be handed over to the central government. Moreover, these Liu kings had administrative, personnel, military and other privileges in the jurisdiction. In particular, the powerful army of the Liu kings was a serious threat and harm to the central government. At that time, among the princes of the Liu clan, Liu Hao, the king of Wu, and Liu Peng, the king of Chu, were the most powerful in military strength. Chao's mistake is that "the newborn calf is not afraid of the tiger", and he repeatedly wrote to Emperor Wen of Han to explain the harm and disadvantages of the princes and asked for their privileges to be reduced, which was actually a major change to the existing feudal princely system. Emperor Wen of Han did not take his advice, but from the bottom of his heart, he thought that Chao Que was a rare talent. He was also promoted to an official, and Chao Que became the official Zhongdafu of Guangluxun. GuangLuxun was one of the Three Dukes and Nine Secretaries, in charge of the Palace Gate, equivalent to the later leading guards and internal ministers, with subordinate officials such as Doctor and Lang.
When Emperor Jingdi of Han was crown prince, he liked chaotic schemes and rationalization suggestions, and could be described as a relationship between the two monarchs and subjects. Yuan Ang and other old ministers did not like Chao's mistakes, and Chao's mistakes were better than Yuan Ang's, making these old ministers and magnates jealous and dissatisfied. After Emperor Jingdi of Han officially became emperor, he appointed Chao Que as Neishi (内史), whose official position was equivalent to that of the current mayor of Beijing. The Han Jing Emperor was very fond of Chao's mistakes, and heeded Chao's views and reformed some of the current systems. It was just as the Guangxu Emperor liked Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao. Chu Xiang Shen Tu Jia was very unhappy in his heart, waiting for the opportunity to slander and eliminate Chao's mistakes. Once, Chao's residence was adjacent to the ancestral temple of the Han Jing Emperor, and it was inconvenient to enter and exit, so he punched a hole in the wall of the Taishang Temple. Shen Tujia finally caught Chao's "little debater" and reported it to Emperor Jing of Han, asking Emperor Jing of Han to cure Chao's crime and cut off his head, because Chao had violated the law. Emperor Jing of Han used "this non-temple wall" to exonerate Chao. Shen Tujia was even more jealous, and angrily said to Changshi, I should not go to the emperor, I should slaughter first and play later. In the end, this jealous and jealous beggar was so angry that he fell ill and returned to heaven. As a result, Chao Que was even more favored by the Han Jing Emperor.
Chao Que was further promoted, from Uchishi to the official position of Imperial Master. Yushi Dafu, official name, Qin Zhi. Han Yinzhi was the governor of Yushitai, second only to the chancellor, in charge of impeachment pickets and the secretary of the Map. Together with The Chancellor (大司司徒) and the Tai Wei (大司馬) they are collectively known as the Three Dukes. When the chancellor is absent, he is often promoted by the imperial master. Later, it was renamed as The Great Sikong and Sikong. Yu Shi Dafu is equivalent to the current secretary of the Central Discipline Inspection Commission. He collected some of the wrongdoings of the princes and reported them to the emperor, demanding that a major reform be carried out, that the princes' land be cut down, and that their administrative areas be returned to the central jurisdiction. Emperor Jingdi of Han felt that this was a big thing, and it was not good for a person to decide alone. The emperor held an enlarged meeting and invited the three dukes and nine secretaries, the princes and nobles, and the emperor and nobles to come and participate in this discussion. Dou Bao and Chao Mistaken debated, and the two had a deeper contradiction. Chao mistakenly proposed that there were as many as thirty items in the reform bill. The princes of vested interests were all clamoring, and they all hated Chao's suggestion because chao's advice moved their cheese. When Chao's father heard about this incident, he rushed from Yingchuan County, saying that he was wrong: "When the emperor was on the throne at the beginning of the year, the public used for political purposes, invaded the princes, did not neglect people's flesh and bones, and the population discussed many people and complained about the public, why not?" Chao mistakenly said, "Gu ye, not so, the Son of Heaven is not respected, and the Zongmiao Temple is uneasy." The wrong father said: "Liu Clan is safe, and Chao Clan is in danger, I will go to the Gong to return to the house!" So he drank the medicine and died, saying, "I can't bear to see the disaster in my body." "——— (Shi Ji Vol. 11, Yuan Anchao Erroneous Biography No. 41)
Chao's father also knew that depriving the princes of the vested interests of the interests caused them to hate, fearing that they would burn themselves. Chao Que also knew that he had offended those powerful people, but he was thinking of the dignity of the Son of Heaven and the stability of the country, in fact, he was already beyond the scope of personal safety. Chao's father knew that he could not persuade his son, so he had to eat poison and die, not wanting to see Chao's wrong body in a different place.
Sure enough, Liu Hao the King of Wu, Liu Peng the King of Chu, Liu Sui the King of Zhao, Liu Wei the King of Jiaoxi, Liu Peiguang the King of Jinan, Liu Xian the King of Jingchuan, and Liu Xiongqu the King of Jiaodong rebelled, endangering national security. The anti-kings used the slogan of "Qing Jun," which is wrong. At the instigation of Dou Bao and Yuan Ang, the politically immature Emperor Jingdi of Han killed Chao Wrong, childishly believing that Chao's wrong head could be used to stop the army. In fact, even if Chao Wrong did not propose to cut the domain and reform the system, the anti-kings such as Liu Hao, the king of Wu, and Liu Peng, the king of Chu, had the strength to resist the han central government, and they would also rebel, but the time for the army would not be so early.
Later, Emperor Jingdi of Han learned from the mouth of the lieutenant Deng Gong that Chao had wrongfully died at his hands. Liu Hao, the King of Wu, had been plotting to rebel for more than a decade, and his accusations and opposition to the change of Pan were just his excuses. Emperor Jingdi of Han regretted it and knew that he had killed his loyalists by mistake. Finally, Emperor Jing of Han appointed Zhou Bo's son Zhou Yafu and Dou Bao to lead the counterinsurgency army to suppress the Rebellion of the Seven Kings provoked by King Wu.
Chao's mistake was mainly to move other people's cheese, and the Han Jing Emperor's special favor for him made people jealous, and he did not win the support of Yuan Ang and Dou Bao to kill himself. As for Yuan Ang, he also made bad water, sent cadres from the Discipline Inspection Commission to deal with Yuan Ang's corruption case of bribery by King Wu, and removed Yuan Ang from his post, and Yuan Ang hated Chao's mistakes to the bone. If Chao Wrong didn't want to kill Yuan Ang, Yuan Ang wouldn't join forces with Dou Baby to deal with him. Yuan Ang was eventually killed by assassins sent by the Liang King outside the Gate of Anling Guo. Dou Bao was impeached for forging the edict of the former emperor for his political struggle with Tian Yu and was sentenced to death in the streets.
From the chaotic change management, we as managers can learn and summarize the following lessons:
First, managers should win the support of some influential people and centrists when they change. Because when it comes to change, there are three types of people: supporters, opponents, and centrists. Change is to touch the interests of the opponents, and the losers of interests will not support your side, and joining forces with the opponents is tantamount to conspiring with the tiger. Tan Sitong made such a mistake by going to Yuan Shikai to consult with Yuan Shikai and seek support. Supporters can become opponents if they don't manage the relationship well, which requires managers to work with them, deepen their relationships, and seek support. The centrist wind blows on both sides, and they must be united as much as possible to gain their support. Let them get visible benefits. Influencers can influence supporters and centrists, so build relationships to get their approval and support.
Second, when changing, it is advisable to adopt a gradual approach to avoid the fierce reaction of some people who do not know the situation or the truth. During China's reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the great chief architect of reform, chose a gradual reform method, such as the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.
Third, we must adopt effective strategies when changing. Be able to use methods that reduce resistance to change. These methods are available: education and communication, participation, promotion and support, negotiation, manipulation and cooperation, coercion.
The fourth is to know what makes members of the organization oppose change. There are generally three reasons why people resist change: fear of the future, fear of losing certain benefits, and belief that change is not good for the organization. If you find the real reason, then when you change, you can come up with good countermeasures and methods to resolve the resistance.
Fifth, managers should become agents of change. Managers' ideas for change are sometimes influenced by the Leadership Change (LOT) model. The process of change is such a process of "freezing-changing-re-freezing". When the change breaks the original stability, it is necessary to re-stabilize after the change and consolidate the results of the change.
Sixth, as a manager, do not trust rumors and rumors. Managers themselves should be able to judge right from wrong and know right from wrong. Be brave enough to take responsibility and not shirk responsibility. When dealing with transactions, if there is a dilemma, you may wish to lock the problem in the drawer and deal with it when you are calm.
Seventh, managers should protect talents from being excluded and attacked. Especially when it comes to change, we must be able to persist, and if it is the right direction, we must adhere to the end. Don't back down easily, don't be sloppy. Whoever laughs last is the winner.
Fifth case: Yu Ban
Victory and defeat are common to soldiers, but there is a brave general in the three kingdoms, who was defeated by Guan Yu due to natural disasters, and from then on he was ashamed of himself and could not look up. In the end, he died indirectly at the hands of The Wei Emperor Cao Pi. Soldiers can be killed, not disgraced. The country has statistics, as long as there is no moisture, a check will know what industry is the pillar industry of the country. Two indicators can measure what is a pillar industry: first, the tax paid for the state ranks first, and the industry with the least money to be subsidized by the state is the pillar industry. Second, the industry that arranges the most employment personnel is the pillar industry. Canada used to export wheat as its national pillar industry. Is real estate a pillar industry? Definitely not! Will the real estate industry shake china's economy? Absolutely not. The unrestrained price increase of real estate creates social instability, which is what we people with conscience fear. The house is for living, not for frying. I only hope that more people will not be house slaves and can live a happy life. I will not tell lies in my conscience. When house prices fall, the house I live in will depreciate, it doesn't matter, as long as most people are doing well, what is the loss.
Yu Ban, Zi Wen Ze, Taishan Juping People. The Yellow Turban Army rebelled. Bao Xin recruited soldiers and became his subordinate. Cao Cao became the master of Gunzhou, and Yu was under the general Wang Lang. Wang Lang felt that Yu Ban was a talent, and recommended it to Cao Cao, saying that Yu Ban's talent could be worthy of the rank of general. When Cao Cao heard about this, he talked to Yu Ban and appointed Yu Ban to the post of military commander. Let Yu Ban lead the army to attack Xuzhou Guangqi City, and after the conquest, Cao Cao was sealed by Yu Ban as a lieutenant for military merit. He followed Cao Cao in his crusade against Lü Bu in Puyang, and in addition attacked Lü Bu's two military camps in the city, and he belonged to the other generals to break the elegance of Yu Xuchang. Later, he followed Cao Cao in attacking Shouzhang, Dingtao, and Lihu, and surrounded Zhang Chaoyu at Yongqiu, all of which pulled out his cities. He followed Cao Cao in his conquest of the Yellow Turban Liu Pei, Huang Shao, and others, and Tunban Liang, Huang Shao, and others took advantage of the night to sneak into Cao Cao's military camp, and Yu Ban led his subordinates to fight bravely, killing Huang Shao and others, and surrendering to the masses. Cao Cao promoted him to lieutenant colonel Of Pingyu. He also followed Cao Cao in besieging QiaoRui at Bitter City, killing Qiaorui and four other generals. He then followed Cao Cao to Wancheng and lowered Zhang Xiu. Zhang Xiu rebelled, Cao Cao's military was unfavorable, and after the defeat, he returned to the army to dance yin, and due to military failure, Cao Jun was in chaos. And Yu's independent leader will be hundreds of soldiers, and the battle and retreat, these soldiers died more in the war, but they did not abandon. Wait for the pursuing soldiers to slow down a little, and then forbid them to organize the army and beat the drums to return. When he had not yet met Cao Cao, he saw more than 10 people walking naked on the road, and Yu Ban stopped them from asking why, saying: "Robbed by Qingzhou soldiers." At the beginning, the Yellow Turban Army was defeated by Cao Jun and surrendered, and Cao Cao chose its elite and called it "Qingzhou Soldier". Cao Cao was more lenient with them, and they dared to plunder for this reason. After hearing this, Yu was furious and criticized the Qingzhou soldiers, saying: "The Qingzhou soldiers have submitted to Cao Gong, do they still want to be thieves?" So he rebuked them, and counted their sins. The Qingzhou soldiers went to Cao Cao and complained first. Yu Ban went to the place where Cao Cao's army rested, first engaged in military fortifications, and did not go to see Cao Cao in time. Someone told Yu Ban: "The Qingzhou soldiers have already filed a complaint against you in front of Cao Gong, and you have to go to Cao Gong to defend yourself." Yu Ban said: "Now that the enemy army is behind, it will not take long to chase after here, how to treat the enemy without making preparations for battle first?" Moreover, Cao Gong was clever, and the evil state of the Qingzhou soldiers was useless. After Yu Ban put the fortifications in place and set up camp, he saw Cao Cao and explained to him the reasons for attacking the Qingzhou soldiers. Cao Cao was very happy, and said to ban: "The difficulty of yushui, my dilemma, the general in the rebellion can fight the whole army, the violent stronghold, there is an immovable knot, although it is a famous general in ancient times, why add it." Therefore, the merits recorded before and after the ban were sealed in the forbidden Yishou Pavilion Marquis. Later, he followed Cao Cao in attacking Zhang Xiu at Yongcheng, capturing Lü Bu at XiapiCheng, and then attacking with Shi Zhuo and Cao Ren on shooting dogs, all of which were cut off.
Cao Cao initially conquered Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao's soldiers were many generals, and Yu Ban was the vanguard. Cao Cao admired Yu Ban's courage and chose a total of 2,000 infantry and cavalry, with Yu Ban as a general, defending Yanjin against Yuan Shao. Cao Cao led the army back to officers. Liu Bei used the city of Xuzhou against Cao Cao, who led an army on a crusade. Yuan Shao took the opportunity to attack Yu Ban. Yu Forbidden insisted, and Yuan Shao could not break through the city. Yu Banfu and Le Jin led 5,000 infantry and cavalry to attack Yuan Shao's other military camps, from the southwest edge of Yanjin to Ji County and Yuejia County, burning more than 30 tuns and beheading thousands of people. More than 20 people, including Yuan Shao's generals He Mao and Wang Mo, were surrendered. Cao Cao fu sent Yu Ban to lead the general Tun Bing Yuan Wu (屯兵原武) to attack Yuan Shao's company camp at Du Shijin and break it. Cao Cao was promoted to the rank of general of Qi, and later from Huanguandu. Cao Cao and Yuan Shao camped together and fought against Tushan. Yuan Shaojun shot at Cao's camp, and Cao Jun was shot and wounded a lot, and Cao Jun was terrified. Yu Forbidden Guarded Tushan and fought bravely, raising the morale of the soldiers. After Yuan Shao was defeated, Yu Ban was promoted to general of the Wei Dynasty. So Yizhou was pacified. Chang Feng rebelled, dispatched to the forbidden conquest, and attacked Chang Feng in a hurry. Chang Feng and Yu Ban are old acquaintances and surrender to Yu Ban. All the generals believed that since Chang Feng had surrendered, he could be escorted to Cao Cao for a reward. Yu Ban said, "Don't you know the laws of Cao Gongding?" There is no pardon for those who besiege and then surrender. We follow the law and do what we give, which is the etiquette and behavior of our superiors. Although Chang Feng is my old friend, can I lose my temper in forbidden? He personally approached the execution ground, shed tears and beheaded Chang Feng. When Cao Cao's army was in Chunyu, when he heard about this incident, he sighed and said, "Chang Feng did not surrender to me, but surrendered to Yu Ban, which was determined by fate." "The heart is more respectful than forbidden." After the Pacification of the East China Sea, Yu was appointed as the general of Huwei. Later, he attacked Mei cheng with Zang Ba and others. Zhang Liao and Zhang Gao and others befriendEd Chen Lan. When Yu Forbidden army arrived, Mei Cheng led more than 2,000 people to surrender, and after surrendering, they betrayed, and the rest defected to Chen Lan. Zhang Liao and the others fought with Chen Lan, the army had little food, and Yu embargoed military food for Zhang Liaojun to eat, and Zhang Liao beheaded Mei Cheng and Chen Lan. Yu Ban increased the number of food estates by 200 households, and the front of the food estates, a total of 1200 households. At that time, Yu Ban, Le Jin, Zhang Gao, and Xu Huang were all famous generals. Every time Cao Cao led an army to go out, Yu Ban was sometimes the vanguard and sometimes the latter was rejected. Yu forbidden the army to be strictly organized, to steal property, and never to embezzle and enrich themselves. Because he was particularly rewarded by Cao Cao and liked to manage his subordinates with the law, he did not win the hearts of the soldiers. Cao Cao often hated Zhu Ling and wanted to take his army. In order to have the prestige of the forbidden, he sent dozens of cavalry troops to take the military order and enter zhu ling's military camp to seize the army under his control, but Zhu Ling and his men did not dare to move. Therefore, with Zhu Ling as the governor of the forbidden subordinates, everyone was shocked and afraid of the forbidden. Yu was promoted to general of the left. False festivals, divided into 500 hundred households, and sealed one of his sons as Hou.
Twenty-four years after Jian'an, Cao Cao was in Chang'an, causing Cao Ren to woo Guan Yu at Fancheng. He also sent Yu to help Cao Ren. In autumn, the floods rose, and the Forbidden Army was submerged. Yu Forbidden and the generals ascended to the water, and there was no place to hide from the flood. Guan Yu attacked Yu Ban by a large ship, and Yu Ban surrendered. Only Pound died unyieldingly. When Cao Cao heard about this, he sighed for a long time and said, "I understand that Yu Has been forbidden for more than thirty years, why is it that in a dangerous place, it is not as good as Pound?" "Hui Sun Quan captured Guan Yu, captured his army, and Yu Ban lived in the State of Wu. Cao Pi was proclaimed emperor, and Sun Quan was called Pan, and was sent back to the State of Wei. Emperor Cao Pi of Wei introduced Yu Ban, only to see that Yu Ban had white hair and beard, his face was very haggard, and he couldn't stop crying and prostrating his head, looking very remorseful. Emperor Wen of Wei consoled him with the story of Xun Lin's father and Meng Mingshi and appointed him as the general of Anyuan. Cao Pi wanted to send Yu Ban as an ambassador to the State of Wu. He first ordered Yu Ban to go to the north and go to Gaoling. Emperor Wen of Wei first sent people to paint murals in the mausoleum house about Yu Zhanke and Pound's surrender. Yu Ban saw these paintings and was ashamed to cause complications and die of illness. It was equivalent to Emperor Wen of Wei using psychological tactics to indirectly kill Yu Ban. His son Yu Gui succeeded him as Marquis of Yishouting. Yu's name was "Li Hou". If it were not for Emperor Wen of Wei's indirect killing of Yu Ban, but for sincere forgiveness of Yu Ban's surrender, he would not have given a derogatory title. It can be seen that Cao Pi did not sincerely forgive Yu's surrender. It can be said that Cao Cao's father and son are one set on the surface and one set in the dark.
As senior managers, we can summarize the following lessons from the deeds of the ban:
First, employees should be loyal to the organization. Employees need to be loyal to the organization, not to the individual. Loyalty to the individual is a bad idea that slave owners and feudal lords exploit people and use religious assistance in the name of theocracy to make people submit. Whether working in the government or in the private sector, we must be loyal to the organization. If you are loyal to officials, sooner or later your officials will have to retire, or if they are transferred, there may be a phenomenon of "one son of heaven and one courtier", and you will be excluded and suppressed. If you are loyal to the private boss, there are more partnerships and joint-stock companies today, you are loyal to this boss, and the other bosses may look at you uncomfortable; you are loyal to the executives, and the executives may work for a few years to jump to other companies. Loyalty to the individual is a symbol of short-sightedness. Individuals do not have organizations that have existed for a long time. If the organization is well run, it can exist for hundreds of years, or even longer. Therefore, if you are loyal to the organization, you will be selfless and selfless, and you will be willing to show your talents and talents.
Second, in addition to strictly abiding by the system, it is necessary to have a human touch. Institutions are dead, people are alive. Influenced by its culture, China does not completely abide by the rules, but some people like to break the rules, otherwise, there will be no "policies at the top, countermeasures at the bottom" things. The observance of the system is because the system is simple and complex, and the simple system will make people willing to obey; the complex system will make people unwilling to obey. When there are authorities who follow the system, other employees will also follow the system. It is difficult to establish a system and easy to destroy. It is often the people who make the system, who unconsciously violate the system. Both the old and the new are broken and the new are broken and a new system is established. The system has a time limit, when a certain time comes, the old system will be adaptable, at this time, it is necessary to manage employees according to the actual situation and humanization.
The third is to forgive employees for their faults caused by the inability to resist. Faults caused by natural disasters and other reasons should not be pushed on the heads of employees, but should be forgiven. As long as it is not intentional, it can be understood. The mistakes of employees can be forgiven, and the faults of leaders cannot be forgiven depending on the seriousness of the circumstances. Why? First, the salary of leaders is higher than that of employees, and they must take on more responsibilities to get high salaries. Second, if the leader is at fault and blames the subordinates, then the organization will have more problems and accidents in the future. Because leaders have faults to blame, they will not improve and reform the real causes of faults. Third, forgive the leader's fault, and other employees will follow suit. If employees are punished, there will be public opinion that only state officials are allowed to set fires and the people are not allowed to light lamps, which will affect morale and lay the groundwork for the decline of enterprises. Fourth, forgiving the faults of leaders will lead to a blind worship of power. Either form a privileged class, or become a totalitarian society. The strong confrontation that causes social disharmony will sooner or later lead to social unrest. Leaders should forgive for making mistakes for the benefit of employees; leaders who make mistakes that infringe on the interests of employees cannot be forgiven. Employees who make mistakes should be forgiven if they cannot resist the cause; if they are derelict in their duties, they cannot be forgiven.
Fourth, equality starts from the self. How to embody equality in business. It can be reflected in the position, such as the name of the position given to the grass-roots employees, which can be called the service officer, or the technical officer, or the service manager, the technical manager, and so on. It is also possible to require that only the name be called, and the name of the position is not allowed. Or take a car without a special car, only take an official car and a commercial car. Or eat with the employees in the employee canteen. Or there is no dedicated office, and you work with your employees. In this way, it can reflect that managers, leaders and employees treat each other as equals, share weal and woe, help form an atmosphere of equality, freedom and positivity, and motivate employees to work actively and contribute.
Sixth case: Zhao Kuo
Some people who are prejudiced against intellectuals or jealous of them often attack them with words, slander them as nerds, and accuse them of talking, making, and even doing things on paper.
We can only look at what this paper talk is like from the real history, and then look at why the historical protagonist failed from the perspective of management.
Zhao Kuo was the son of Ma Fujun Zhao Hao, a famous general of the Warring States of Zhao. Zhao Hao was not a simple man, and he was originally a cadre of the Zhao State Taxation Bureau, collecting taxes from the Zhao Sheng family of the Plain Junjia. At that time, the most famous four princes of the Warring States were: "Meng Tian Wen, Pingyuan Jun Zhao Sheng, Chun shen jun Huang Xie, Xin Ling Jun Wei Wujie". They are all nobles with outstanding contributions and meritorious achievements in their country, and their power is great. Zhao Sheng, the Prince of Pingyuan, refused to pay the field tax, Zhao Hao did things according to law, beheaded 9 subordinates of Pingyuan Jun, Pingyuan Jun's face could not be hung up, he wanted to kill Zhao Hao, Zhao Hao said an argument about governing the country according to law, so that Pingyuan Jun felt that Zhao Hao was a sage. Zhao Sheng, the Prince of Pingyuan, recommended to the King of Zhao to reuse Zhao Luxury. As a result, Zhao Hao became the finance minister of the Zhao State in charge of the national tax work. As a result, the State of Zhao was endowed with Great Peace, the people were rich and the government was real. Later, Zhao Huan led Xie Kuo to besiege him and defeat the Qin army. Zhao Luxury, Lin Xiangru, and Lian Po are the three pillars of the Zhao Kingdom, which are very important.
In the early stages of the Battle of Changping, zhao hao, a famous general of the Zhao state, died, and the name Xiang Xiang was also seriously ill. The only remaining veteran general, Lian Po, presided over the national defense and military work, and after several defeats with the Qin state, he adopted a defensive strategy and did not fight. Originally, to fight a war was to fight a quick battle and a quick decision, and if a war of attrition was fought for a long time, it would be difficult for the Qin army to supply and increase troops. The longer the war dragged on, the more unfavorable it became to the Qin state. In World War II, Hitler consumed a large number of troops and supplies in the Soviet defense war and destroyed the Nazi dream of enslaving the world. The idea and strategy of honesty are correct. The State of Qin knew that a protracted war could not be fought, so it came up with a counter-plan: deliberately talking about being afraid of Zhao Kuo,Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao Hao. Zhao Guoxin believed that it was true, thinking that Lian was selfish and unwilling to go to war and unwilling to resist. He changed generals on the spot and let Zhao Kuo preside over the national defense and military.
Zhao Kuo learned the art of war since he was a teenager, and he could not speak in the world. ——— (Chronicle of History, Vol. 81, Lian Po Lin Xiang Ru Lie, 21)
Zhao Kuo learned the art of war from an early age. But at that time, there were very few books, and there were not many books on the art of war. It is possible that Zhao Kuo memorized several books on the art of war by rote, and it is possible that the book of the art of war was written by Zhao Hao. In addition to the art of war, Zhao Kuo's knowledge of other disciplines is lacking. According to the current standards, only primary and middle school students are counted, which is far from the current standards of intellectuals. Moreover, Zhao Kuo spoke very arrogantly, saying that he was invincible in the world and that no one could stop him. He didn't know that there was a sky outside the sky and there were people outside the people. He was self-absorbed and arrogant. Maybe he wrote those few military books to his father, memorized them well, and talked with his father Zhao Hao about military issues and talked about them. Zhao Hao can't talk about his son, and he can't argue about his son, but he thinks that his son is incompetent. Knowing that the son is like the father, Zhao Hao does not praise Zhao Kuo's exaggeration. His mother asked Zhao Hao why he thought his son was incompetent, and Zhao Hao said, "Soldiers, die in the land, and kuyi is easy to say." If Zhao does not include it, if it is bound, those who break the Zhao army will also include it. ”
Sun Tzu said: Soldiers, the great affairs of the country, the place of death and life, the way of survival, must not be unaware. ——— (Sun Tzu's Art of War, the first count)
Military affairs are important matters concerning the survival of the country and the life and death of the people, but Zhao Kuo downplayed the war. It's as simple as drinking water. No wonder Zhao Hao shook his head when he heard Zhao Kuo's incompetent son arguing, and sighed.
As for the appointment of Zhao Kuo, Lin Xiangru was ill and opposed to the dynasty, saying that Zhao Kuo was dead to reading books, committing dogmatism, and not knowing whether to change or change. Zhao Kuo's mother also objected, saying that Zhao Kuo's father, Zhao Hao, used the property rewarded by the king to give to his subordinate generals; when Zhao Kuo served in the military, he devoted himself to work and never cared about family affairs, while his son Zhao Kuo's approach was the opposite of Zhao Kuo's, extremely selfish, and when he became a general, he asked his subordinates to look up to him and fear him. Zhao Kuo likes to be detached from the masses and loves to play with authority. The money and goods rewarded by King Zhao were collected by Zhao Kuo at home and used the money to purchase fixed assets such as land and houses. Zhao Kuo and his father Zhao Hao's style of conduct are two different things.
However, King Zhao was caught up in the Qin State's divisive scheme, did not listen to lin Xiangru's opposition to Zhao Kuo's mother, and insisted that Zhao Kuo be the minister of defense. After Zhao Kuo replaced Lian Po, he changed military discipline and replaced the generals of the army with his own cronies. After the famous qin general Bai Qi detected the situation of the Zhao army, he deliberately lured the enemy out of the hole and lured the enemy deeper, so he pretended to be defeated. Originally, according to the honest defensive strategy, it was necessary to stick to it and not fight. However, Zhao Kuo was anxious to make quick gains, did not judge the hour and size up the situation, and did not hold major military meetings to discuss how to deploy the plan, and did not listen to the advice of his subordinates. Zhao Kuo insisted on going out into battle and won bai qi's plan to move the tiger away from the mountain. The Zhao army was cut off by the Qin army. War is actually about fighting logistics and resources. Without logistics and resources, the war will be unsustainable. The Zhao army was split in two. The soldiers of the Zhao Army deviated from Germany and became trapped beasts, into turtles in urns, and birds in traps. In the end, Zhao Kuo and the sergeant were besieged and starved and wanted to break through. As a result, Zhao Kuo was shot and killed by the Qin army, and the remaining hundreds of thousands of Zhao troops surrendered to the Qin army and were killed. The Battle of Changping ended with the defeat of the Zhao army.
From paper, we as senior managers can summarize the following lessons:
First, managers must be erudite. One should be a truly talented and practical intellectual, not an unlearned person who has memorized several books by rote. We should have a wide range of knowledge, be a learning manager, constantly enrich ourselves, and constantly improve ourselves.
Second, managers should be able to gain people's hearts. The most important thing for managers is to use talents, and talents are the key to competition. Therefore, we must care for our own employees and love our own employees. Don't just take care of your own money, don't know how to share wealth, don't know how to harvest people's hearts. The back of the human heart can determine the life and death of the enterprise.
Third, it is necessary to manage enterprises according to law and to govern enterprises according to rules and regulations. What you ask your employees to do, you have to do first, and you have to play an exemplary role. What you ask employees to forbid to do, you don't violate.
Fourth, do not change things at any time. Don't be nepotistic.
The fifth is to listen to and adopt different rationalization suggestions. It is necessary to make scientific, democratic and effective decisions. Be good at advice. Advice is good for the ear, and good medicine is good for the disease.
Sixth, do not detach yourself from the masses and do not detach yourself from the actual environment. We must be good at combining actual analysis and handling problems. Doing things is not only academic qualifications, not only qualifications, not only experience, but also seeking truth from facts and practicing to test the truth.
Seven does not easily start a price war with competitors. Sometimes the end of a war is a lose-lose situation. Avoid the inertia of the zero-sum theorem. Being able to cooperate and collaborate is the best choice. Win-win cooperation can be invincible and sweep the world.
We should not be like Zhao Kuo in history, who only studied a few military books and thought that the world was invincible, do not be self-righteous, do not think that Lao Tzu is the first in the world, do not think that he is not great, do not take self-centered, and finally provoke the shame of the people of the world. And to be knowledge-oriented, learning-oriented, learning-oriented talents to contribute knowledge and ability to the country and enterprises.
About author:Li Wenwu is a famous management scientist. Columnist of well-known management websites such as "BoRui Management Online", "China Brand Management Network", "China Management Communication Network" and so on. He is also a multi-media and online writer. Research: History, Economics, Management.