Lesson 8: The Confrontation Between Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty
【Lesson Standard】Understand the rise of the Jurchen clan, know the Jin Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty; know the deeds of Yue Fei's resistance to jin and the Southern Song Dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > [Teaching Objectives].</h1>
1. Understand the rise of the Jurchens, know the history of the Jin Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, know the deeds of Yue Fei's resistance to jin and the main content of the Song-Jin peace talks, dialectically analyze and understand the impact of the war between the nationalities and the confrontation between the Song and the Jin.
2. Through the analysis of typical historical materials, intuitively feel the changes in the relationship between national regimes, and initially form an empirical awareness of historical materials. Through Yue Fei's deeds of resisting gold, he felt Yue Fei's spiritual qualities and cultivated the feelings of his family and country. By exploring the influence of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, he cultivated the ability to use the materialist view of history to view historical events dialectically.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > [academic analysis].</h1>
In the initial stage of cognition, the rational thinking ability of junior high school students needs to be developed and cultivated. In the process of learning the history of the first seven grades, we gradually mastered the learning methods of history, knew to sort out historical clues, clarified historical events and evaluated relevant historical figures and historical events, for the "Confrontation between Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty" that we learned today, in which the exchanges and integration between ethnic groups, students have a certain degree of difficulty in the learning process, and they need to rely on historical materials, pictures and other materials to let students have an intuitive understanding.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" >[teaching difficulties].</h1>
Teaching focus: the formation of the song-Jin confrontation situation; the anti-Jin struggle between Song Jin and Zhan and Yue Fei and others; the influence of Song Jin and the Discussion.
Teaching difficulties: Correctly understand the nature of the Song-Jin War and the influence of the Song-Jin peace; recognize the historical inevitability of the great integration of the Chinese nation.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" > [teaching process].</h1>
Import: [Fire Eye Golden Eye] Looking at the Liao tomb murals, what similarities did you find?
This bird is called Hai Dongqing. Some people say that it led to the demise of the Liao, why do you say so? How did the Liao perish, and how would its demise affect this era of parallel political power? Let's walk into Lesson 8 together and find out.
New lessons taught:
Jurchen rebelled against the Liao- the bloody case caused by Hai Dongqing?
【Display Materials】
After emperor Tianzuo of Liao ascended the throne, he advocated luxury and especially loved the Northern Pearl. These pearls are produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Shanhaiguan and are picked every November. Swans, mussels for food, pearls left in the sac. And Hai Dongqing can hunt swans. Haidongqing is produced in the Five Kingdoms Department, the Five Kingdoms Department is bordered by the sea in the east, and this bird comes from Haidong, so it is called Haidongqing.
- "Three Dynasties Northern League Compilation", vol. 3
The Liao people loved Hai Dongqing very much, and demanded that the Jurchens contribute a sufficient number of Haidongqing every year, and the Jurchens fought in the Five Kingdoms, and every year a large number of Jurchens died in order to capture Haidongqing. After Emperor Liao Tianzuo ascended the throne, he needed to be more demanding, and if he did not obey the order, he would be tortured or even killed. The various tribes secretly contacted Ah Kuan and raised troops to rebel.
- Khitan Chronicles, vol. 10
【Ask a question】
1. Why does Haidongqing appear frequently in Liao tombs?
2. What is the result of this hobby of the Liao people?
3. What kind of ethnic group is the Jurchens?
"No deeds, no constraints."
- History of Jin, Vol. 1
[Ask the question] What kind of characteristics does this reflect the Jurchen people? Brave and good at war; fishing and hunting for a living; low level of civilization. How did the Jurchens rise step by step?
【Student Activities】
Students are asked to complete the schematic diagram of jurchen unification, anti-Liao resistance, nation-building and development in small groups.
【Ask the question】What do the Khitan Yelü Abaoji, the Dangxiang Yuanhao, and the Jurchen Akuta have in common?
After the leaders of the ethnic minorities established political power, they all learned from the more developed Central Plains Dynasty to govern the country, and all achieved good results.
[Ask the question] What is the impact of this?
It is conducive to the integration and learning of ethnic groups and the progress of society.
【Show the situation map of the Liao, Jin and Northern Song Dynasties】
After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, under such circumstances, what kind of choices would the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty make?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" >2. Song Huizong's choice - whether to cut it or not? </h1>
(1117) Emperor Huizong edicted: "The imperial court and the northern boundary are reconciled, and now for more than a hundred years, the near ones have repeatedly played the northern border along the border to fight against the Jurchens, and the Bohai Sea has not been decided for a long time." ...... Restraint along the edge, do not move, nor increase the number of people, chic and suspicious.
——Xu Song's "Song Hui Essentials"
1. What kind of attitude does this edict embody in Song Huizong?
2. What kind of people are most likely to have written this edict to?
3. For what reasons did Emperor Huizong of Song issue such an edict? Among the many factors, what is the reason for ranking first?
4. What advice can you give to Emperor Huizong of Song in this regard?
【Show the situation map of the Liao, Jin, and Northern Song Dynasties】Briefly describe the alliance on the sea
The time of signing the Maritime Alliance was 1120, but after the signing of the treaty, the Northern Song Dynasty did not immediately attack the Liao. Until 1122...
In the first month of the fourth year of Song Xuanhe (1122), Jin broke through the LiaoZhongjing. In March, he entered Xijing, and the Tianzuo Emperor ran west.
Emperor Huizong ordered Tong Guan to lead an army of 150,000 men to March toward Yanjing in the name of patrolling the border, but was attacked by the Liao generals and returned with a major defeat. In June, The Seed Master Road withdrew to Xiongzhou, and the Liao people pursued them to the city. Emperor Wen was defeated and feared, so he commanded the class division.
- "History of Song"
Why did Emperor Huizong of Song order the attack on Liao in 1122? What is the name? Why? How did the Jin and Northern Song Dynasties behave differently in the process of attacking the Liao? The result?
Finally, in 1125, Liao was destroyed by Jin. In 1125, Jin attacked the Northern Song Dynasty.
[Ask the question] Then, in the face of the large-scale invasion of the Jin army, what was the attitude of the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty? How did the army of the Northern Song Dynasty behave? What is the result of compromise and summation?
The Jing kang rebellion in 1127 marked the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Later generations commented that "the death of the Northern Song Dynasty, the death of non-Jin people, the death of self-death." ”
Ask a question: How to understand this sentence?
The emperor improperly employed people, suppressed the main war faction, and blindly compromised and sought peace; the policy of emphasizing literature over military force led to the army's combat effectiveness being weak; political corruption affected the morale of the army...
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="30" >3, the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty - Lin'an? Partial? </h1>
After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Qinzong of Song's younger brother Zhao Shuo ascended to the throne, and he was Emperor Gaozong of Song, who later set the capital in Hangzhou, known in history as the Southern Song Dynasty. What kind of message does the Southern Song rulers change the name of Hangzhou to Lin'an? Was the ruler of the Southern Song Dynasty Lin'an or Partial An?
Emperor Gaozong was bent on making peace with Jin Guo... Don't want to continue to fight Kim... In October of the first year of Jianyan (1127), as soon as Emperor Gaozong heard that the Jin army had gone south, he immediately fled south to Yangzhou.
In 1129, the Jin army attacked south again, penetrating deep into the coastal area south of the Yangtze River. Jin Bing had occupied Jiankang, Hangzhou, and Yuming Prefecture (present-day Ningbo), and chased 300 miles into the sea, and Emperor Gaozong of Song was like a dog that had lost his family.
——Zhang Chuanxi, Outline of Ancient Chinese History"
[Asking questions] In the face of several large-scale southward movements of the Jin army, what was the attitude of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty? For such an attitude of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin was still pressing forward step by step.
Under this circumstance, the military and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty rose up to resist.
【Play video】Yue Fei's anti-gold route
In July 1141, Yue Fei attacked the Jin army at Zhuxian.
……
In December 1141, Yue Fei was killed in the prison of Dali Temple in Lin'an Province.
——Compiled from the History of the Song Dynasty
[Ask a question] In the video, Yue Fei went all the way north to recover the lost land, repeatedly made military achievements, but died tragically in Lin'an.
This is undoubtedly a tragic case, who are the suspects?
Gold Man
The Jin Army commented on the Yue Family Army: "It is easy to shake the mountain, and it is difficult to shake the Yue Family Army", and the generals of the Jin Army also believe that "the commanders are easy to deal with (easy to deal with), and it is impossible to fly alone (stop)".
Jin Wushu wrote to Qin Ju, saying, "You are asking for peace every day, but Yue Fei is seeking to attack Hebei, and we must kill Yue Fei before we can negotiate peace." ”
Qin Juniper
Yue Fei repeatedly opposed peace talks and advocated the Northern Expedition, which was contrary to Qin Ju.
Qin Ju instructed people to frame Yue Fei for rebellion and use "false accusations" (perhaps guilty) to prevaricate the people who questioned him. At the end of the year, the case was still not closed, and Qin Ju personally wrote a note and handed it to the prison, which immediately reported Yue Fei's death. After Yue Fei's death, all those who had wronged him were suppressed and implicated, and those who were attached to frame Yue Fei were promoted to higher ranks.
The presiding judge, He Zhu, sensed that Yue Fei had been wronged and reported qin ju. Qin Juniper said unhappily, "This is also the intention." ”
Song Gaozong
Yue Fei wrote a letter: he hoped that Emperor Gaozong of Song would take advantage of the fact that Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong had not been taken into captivity for a long time, and as soon as possible, the Northern Expedition would recover the lost territory and welcome back the two emperors.
In 1142, Emperor Gaozong of Song asked the Jin people for peace, and in the same year issued a decree: "Yue Fei specially gave death." ”
——Compiled from the "History of Song" and "History of Jin"
【Discussion】Why did Emperor Gaozong of Song treat Yue Fei, a general who had made many military achievements, in this way?
Worried that Yue Fei's power was too great; the Song Dynasty's policy of emphasizing literature and light military force; worried that Yue Fei would win back the Second Emperor Hui Qin...
One day, offering twelve gold medals, (Yue) Fei wept indignantly, and said to the east: "Ten years of power, wasted in one fell swoop." The resulting state and county are closed for a full day. ”
Lin'an eventually became partial. After Yue Fei's death, Song Jin made peace and signed a contract to take the Huai Shui as the boundary; the descendants of the world, respectfully observe the festival of the subjects; the annual tribute silver, silk 250,000 taels, and horses.
【Display Map】Map of Jin, Western Xia, and Southern Song Dynasty, the Song-Jin Peace Conference marks the formal formation of the Song-Jin confrontation situation. The relationship between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty can be expressed as having and having wars. What is the impact of peace and war?
【Display materials】Shanxi Linfen gold tomb mural and Southern Song Dynasty cardigan
Although the Song court repeatedly banned "Hufu", it was repeatedly prohibited. Similarly, Han costumes also influenced the clothing of the Khitan and Jurchens.
——Zhu Shaohou, "Ancient Chinese History"
The Jurchens and the Han households are now one family, and the cultivators are all Chinese.
- History of Jin, vol. 88, "The Biography of Tang Kuo'an Li"
【Display Form】
——Compiled from Fan Shuzhi's "Outline of National History"
[Ask the question] What are the characteristics of this period?
During this period, there were wars and peaces between nations, and peace was the mainstream. What was the impact of war and peace in this period?
Ethnic intermingling.
A history of China is the history of the great motherland in which all nationalities jointly created, developed, and consolidated reunification. Our vast territory was jointly opened up by all nationalities, and our splendid culture was jointly created by all nationalities. The integration of nationalities has promoted the development of all nationalities and is an inexhaustible driving force for the development of the Chinese nation!