<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > preface</h1>
Words or poems, the earliest are all lyrics. The main point of the words used to sing is to make the audience understand.
The "Book of Poetry", which is difficult to understand today, Han Le Fu poems, Southern Dynasty songs and poems, etc., many of which are adapted from the folk songs of that time.
Yang Shen's poem "Linjiang Xian" comes from the "Ten Golden Words of the History of the Past Dynasties", also known as the "Twenty-one History Bullet Words", this group of bullet words, known as "the ancestor of the bullet words of later generations". This kind of playing words, similar to songs and commentaries, the biggest feature of these art forms, is to communicate with the audience through sound, of course, to be easy to understand.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" ></h1>
We are familiar with Yang Shen's "Linjiang Immortal" because it is the opening word of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". In the old version of the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", this song was also composed into a song, sung by Yang Hongji, which swept the north and south of the river.
However, this poem, in the Twenty-one History bullet words, does not mean the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jin Dynasties, but the Qin and Han Dynasties:
The water rolling in the east of the Yangtze River, the waves exhaust the heroes. Success or failure turns empty. The green mountains are still there, and the sunset is red a few degrees.
White-haired fisherman on the river, used to watch the autumn moon and spring breeze. A pot of turbid wine is a happy encounter. How many things in ancient and modern times are in the process of laughter.
In fact, Yang Shen's bullet words for the two Jins are this song "Xi Jiang Yue Says Three Points and Two Jin Xi Jiang Yue":
The Three Emperors and Five Emperors of Daode, with the name of Xia Hou Shang Zhou. The Seven Heroes and Five Hegemons were in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Qin Hanxing had died.
Qingshi has several lines of names and surnames, and countless barren hills in the north. The former people collected the fields and the later people, saying that the dragons fought for the tigers.
In fact, when Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was written, Yang Shen was not yet born, and it was added when the Qing Dynasty people Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang father and son adapted the Three Kingdoms.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > second, poems that can be sung and poems that cannot be sung</h1>
As mentioned in the preface, most of the earliest poems are lyrics. Poems that cannot be sung are called apostle poems, and those that can be sung are called song poems.
For example, in the Tang Dynasty, most of them were songs and poems that could be wrapped in orchestra. One of the most famous is Wang Wei's "Sending Yuan Er envoy Anxi":
Weicheng is light and dusty towards the rain, and the guest house is green and willow-colored.
Persuade the jun to drink a glass of wine, and go out of the west to yang guan without a reason.
The early words were all linggong words, that is, lyrics composed by lingren musicians sung in the Qinglou teaching workshop, banquets or court courtyards.
When Wang Guowei commented on Li Yuzi, he said:
"The word began to be great after Li Hou Lord, and the emotion was deepened, and the word of the craftsman became the word of the scholar."
Whether it is poetry or words, after entering the court from the people and from the musicians to the literati, they gradually can no longer sing.
We can find that the early Song words are easier to understand, especially the earlier Xiaoling of Ouyang Xiu, Yan Shu, Yan Jidao, Zhang Xian, etc., do not need to read the text, most of the words can be understood. For example, Ouyang Xiu's "Sauvignon Blanc":
Flowers like yi. Willow. Flower willow youth people parted. Bow your head and weep.
Yangtze River East. Yangtze River West. Mandarin ducks fly in two places on both sides of the strait. When to meet.
However, in the later period, the words of many lyricists became more and more profound, and the lyricists wrote about their personal life experiences in order to express their feelings and sorrows for the country, and began to use a large number of allusions.
For ordinary people with low educational attainment, don't say listen, even if you see the text, you may not be able to understand it.
We will find that there are actually two kinds of literature that have been handed down from generation to generation, one is the literature of the literati who live above the temple. One is the literature that exists in the city and is the literature of ordinary people, mostly by word of mouth in the form of folk rap. Folk art forms such as drama, bullet words, book commentary, and cross-talk in many places have a deep mass foundation.
In ancient times, the illiteracy rate was very high, and if the folk art form was to be accepted by the illiterate people, it must be easy to understand.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="25" > third, bullet words</h1>
Playing words is one of them, which is a popular form of rap literature with pipa and three strings in southern China.
It is said that the bullet word originated from the Song Dynasty rap trick (Tao Zhen) and the words of Yuan Ming. It flourished in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and was extremely prosperous in the Qing Dynasty, and it consisted of speaking, gimmicking, playing, singing and other parts.
At that time, Yang Shen was relegated to Who Shu Yunnan because of the dispute over the great ceremony, and his "Ten Golden Words and Sayings of the History of the Past Dynasties" is also known as "Twenty-one History Bullet Words", which can be known to be for singing.
In fact, if we look at the development of poetry, we can see that poetry has become profound and incomprehensible from the lyrics, so words have appeared, words have become incomprehensible, and meta-songs have emerged. After each art form of singing goes to the extreme, a new form emerges.
Folk rap is bound to be easy to understand, just like today's two-person turn, if the audience can't understand it, the actor will even eat a problem.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" >4, superficial and vulgar</h1>
There was a vernacular poet in the Tang Dynasty named Wang Fanzhi, whose poems were almost vernacular poems, so they were widely circulated in the folk, such as:
I have a handy, worth a hundred horses to practice.
Fight each other for a long time and weakly, until death do not enter the county.
........
Others ride big horses, and I stand alone on a donkey.
Looking back at the bearer, my heart is a little bit bigger.
Wang Fanzhi's poems are mainly reasoned and argumentative, and their language is shallow, popular and humorous, often alluding to the philosophy of life between ridicule and ridicule. But we can see that these poems are more crude and slang in art, unlike real literati poems.
In fact, in the Tang Dynasty, there were great poets who studied Wang Fanzhi's poems, such as Wang Wei's "Sending This Poem and Showing Scholars' Two Poems with Hu Jushi", self-annotating and imitating Yun's "Fanzhi Body":
A little dust thought, horizontal and revealing. If you see the underworld, who will put me?
Obstruction is fixed mainly, fun empty Ning Shebin. Wash your mind and understand that the Path of Enlightenment is confused.
Even if the literati who read a wide range of books study the forms of folk literature, their use of language techniques is not comparable to that of folk artists. Back to Wang Guowei's evaluation of Li Yu's sentence:
It becomes the word of the craftsman and becomes the word of the scholar.
The level of education is generally not high, and his works are naturally not so profound. After literati such as Bai Juyi, Wen Tingjun and Li Yu began to fill in the words, although they were also simple and easy to understand, their literary attainments were extremely high, and their works were naturally elegant.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > concluding remarks</h1>
To put it simply, when Yang Shen creates bullet words, he must first pay attention to whether the audience is easy to understand. This was the reason why Yang Shen's Linjiang Immortal looked superficial.
In addition, with Yang Shen's talent, practicing words and practicing words is natural and elegant, although it is a simple word, it is also a superior product. Most of the song words we are familiar with have this characteristic.
In addition, the vernacular of the ancients, today we read it is also a little difficult. For example, the national style of the Book of Poetry, although many of them also come from folk songs, but the Tang and Song people also need annotations to understand. The vernacular of the Tang and Song dynasties is also regarded as a literary language today. For example, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is also a little difficult to read.
@Old Street Taste
Old Street Taste Original Poetry, Guan Song Filler Complete Collection, Part II 101-200