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In July of the twenty-fifth year of Han Jian'an (220 AD), Meng Da, the deputy of Liu Bei, the king of Hanzhong and the deputy of Zhenshou Dongsan County, rebelled and defected to Cao Wei after nearly ten years of defection to Liu Bei.
Why did Meng Da surrender to Wei? What is the relationship between Liu Feng, the chief general and deputy general of the three eastern counties of Zhenshou, and what does this have to do with this? After careful investigation, I found that behind all this, it seems that Zhuge Liang's shadow is inseparable.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > (i) Constraints of the Northern Expedition</h1>
Continued: In fact, in addition to the above factors restricting Zhuge Liang's rapid Northern Expedition, the important military arrangements on the Cao Wei side were also elements that Zhuge Liang had to carefully consider.
At that time, Cao Wei defended the direction of Ji Han with a third-line force, of which the Western Front set up the Governor of Yongliang, and the general Cao Zhen of Zhenxi served as the Governor of Yongliang, and unified command of the troops in the Guanzhong region, the Longyou region, and Liangzhou.
In addition, the Governor of Guanzhong was set up in the central line, with the Anxi general Xiahou Shu as the governor, who was stationed in Chang'an together with the overseers Yushi and Jing Zhaoyin, commanding the Guanzhong army and guarding the direction of Ji Han.
In the southeast, Sima Yi oversaw the jingyu military forces, and in the area of Yuzhou in Jingzhou, that is, to guard against Sun Wu and against Ji Han.
Therefore, since Zhuge Liang planned to go north, he had to consider the strength of the three-line Wei army and some issues such as joint defense.
And just at this time, a message reached Zhuge Liang, making his Northern Expedition seem to have more chances of winning, and the source of the news was a person, this person, called Meng Da.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="255" > (ii) Meng Da defected to Liu Bei</h1>
After Meng Da initially defected to Liu Bei, he was highly valued by Liu Bei and belonged to the powerful representative of the Dongzhou faction with a detached status.
Meng Da, zi jing, later changed the character zi degree to avoid Liu Bei's uncle Liu Zi jing, Meng Da is a native of Fufeng County, and is in the same township as Fa, and the relationship is quite good.
In the early years of Jian'an, because of the famine in Guanzhong, Meng Da and Fa Zheng went to Yizhou together to defect to Liu Zhang, but like Fa Zheng, Meng Da was not reused.
Therefore, when Fa Zheng complained with Zhang Song and was ready to welcome Liu Bei into the river, Meng Da naturally sided with Fa Zheng and Liu Bei.
Finally, in December of the sixteenth year of Jian'an (211 AD), when Liu Bei entered Sichuan, Liu Zhang, in order to show his sincerity, also sent two people to lead 4,000 people to meet Liu Bei, these two people were Fazheng and Meng Da.
Liu Bei's appreciation of Fazheng, and for Fazheng's good friend Meng Da, who supported himself and brought four thousand life forces, Liu Bei naturally had a good feeling.
Therefore, when Fa Zheng entered the sichuan with Liu Bei, the two thousand people led by Fa Zheng and Meng Da each, Liu Bei gave all of them to Meng Da to command, and ordered Meng Da to stay in Jiangling.
It can be said that Meng Da has his own private power of four thousand people in one fell swoop at this moment, which cannot be said that Liu Bei does not value it.
At that time, Liu Bei's subordinates, the strength of the headquarters could exceed 4,000 people, and I am afraid that only Guan Yu was there.
In this way, Meng Da began a three-year life in Jiangling, in the summer of the nineteenth year of Jian'an (214 AD), when Liu Bei took Yizhou, Meng Da also received orders.
That is to go to the junction of Jingzhou and Yizhou, an important area known as the "throat of Chu Shu" and "Three Gorges Gate City", Yidu went to serve as a Taishou.
In fact, Yidu was not originally a county, after Liu Bei captured Jingzhou, in the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210 AD), he divided the western part of Jingzhou into two more counties, one was Yidu County and the other was Jianping County.
Yidu County administered the three counties of Yidao, Xiling, and Washan, and at this time, because Xiang Lang, the governor of the capital, was transferred to Yizhou, Meng Da came here to serve as a taishou.
Meng Da thus became a local high-ranking official of Liu Bei's clique, and surpassed the average county sheriff.
Because the geographical location of Yidu was too important, Liu Bei appointed Meng Da, naturally looking at Meng Da's ability. And so, another five years passed.
In May of the 24th year of Jian'an (219 AD), due to Liu Bei's great victory over Cao Cao in Hanzhong, in order to seize the opportunity to retake the three counties of Shangyong, Xicheng and Fangling, which had been originally carved out of the Hanzhong region.
He sent 4,000 men led by Meng Da from Zigui to attack Fangling County.
At this time, a small thing happened, but for Meng Da, it was another big thing, that is, in the process of attacking Fangling County, although Meng Da's troops captured Fangling County, they killed The Taishou Puqi of Fangling County.
Some people may think that it is not to kill a Fang Ling TaiShou Pu Qi? How can this be?
You then look down, Pu Qi's wife is Zhuge Shi, to put it more clearly, it is the eldest sister of Zhuge Liang, the second head of the Jihan Group! That is to say, Pu Qi is Zhuge Liang's eldest brother-in-law!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="258" > (three) the origin of the three eastern counties</h1>
During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, the three eastern counties were divided and independent, and became a buffer zone for the three forces to compete
What's going on? Let's start with a brief introduction, first of all, let's talk about the so-called Eastern Three Counties, which refer to Fangling, Shangyong and Xicheng (later Weixing County).
In fact, these three counties were originally the three counties of Hanzhong County in Yizhou, although they were only three counties, but the area here is relatively vast, and the terrain is particularly dangerous.
According to the "Records of History", Fangling County was named because of its "thousands of miles, mountains and forests, its solid high tombs, and if there are houses".
The approximate range was in the area of present-day Fang County, Hubei, Shangyong was the area around present-day Zhushan, Hubei, and Xicheng was located in the area of present-day Ankang, Shaanxi Province.
The eastern three counties are almost surrounded by the Qinling Mountains on all sides, and there are also barriers of Bashan, Wudang and Wushan on all sides, and it seems that this is a barren mountain and wild ridge where birds do not.
However, this kind of cognition is a big mistake, in the territory of the three eastern counties, the Han River has been through, the west through the Han Middle East Under Jingzhou Xiangyang, the traffic is very convenient.
Moreover, its river network is longitudinal, network radiation, water transport is quite developed, coupled with the natural geographical barrier around it, here is simply a small fortress!
In fact, at any time, what we call the terrain is dangerous, the geographical location is important, and it must be combined with the actual situation at that time.
For example, Jingzhou, during the Three Kingdoms period, because of its three-legged standing, was the base of the Jihan Northern Expedition into the Central Plains, the critical point for Eastern Wu to defend the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the buffer zone for Cao Wei to spy on and threaten the southern arch wei Xuchang Luoyang.
Therefore, the status of Jingzhou at that time appeared to be quite important, but in the era of great unification in later generations, it seems that the status of Jingzhou has declined, and the reason for this is still to be judged according to the actual situation at that time.
The area of the three eastern counties is also extremely important at the end of the Han Dynasty, because it is the junction of Yizhou, Yizhou Hanzhong, Jingzhou and Guanzhong, and the geographical location is quite prominent.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Fangling County became a county and was placed under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou. The Hanzhong region of Yizhou was gradually divided under the rule of Sima Zhanglu, the governor of Liu Yan at that time.
It is reasonable to say that Zhang Lu and the local governors of Jingzhou have jurisdiction over the three eastern counties, but in fact, whether it is Zhang Lu or Liu Biao in the Jingzhou region at that time, they cannot achieve substantive jurisdiction over this buffer zone.
The area around Shangyong Xicheng was controlled by the Shen Yi Shen Tan brothers, and there were more than 10,000 people in the Department, while in the Fangling area, Liu Biao chose to go and choose, and he also made a shunshui person.
The reward was given to the Ku clan, who had made great contributions to their own stabilization of Jingzhou, and Ku Qi also served as the Taishou of Fangling County at that time.
In fact, since that time, the three eastern counties have basically formed a de facto state of small divisions.
In the 20th year of Jian'an (215 AD), Cao Cao took the Hanzhong region, and Zhang Lu surrendered, while moving more than 80,000 households of Hanzhong into the Chang'an area of Guanzhong.
In order to turn the Hanzhong region into a military fortress, Cao Cao promoted Shangyong and Xicheng to counties, and together with Fangling County, they were placed under the jurisdiction of Nanyang County.
Since then, the area around Shangyong Xicheng has been ruled by the Shen brothers, and Fangling has been ruled by Qu Qi.
When Liu Bei Hanzhong defeated Cao Cao, it was naturally impossible to let go of such a zone as the Eastern Three Counties, so Meng Da accepted this task.
But what he didn't expect was that Zhuge Liang's eldest brother-in-law actually died at his hands! There are five direct brothers and sisters in the Zhuge family Zhuge Liang.
Zhuge Liang's eldest brother Zhuge Jin (Zhuge Jin) was an official in Sun Quan,Jiangdong, and Zhuge Liang's eldest sister married Qu Qi (蒯琪) of the Jingzhou clan.
The second sister married Pang Tong's cousin Pang Shanmin, while he and the third brother Zhuge Jun were in the Liu Bei clique.
In this way, the Zhuge Liang family is very powerful in the Jingxiang area, and even Zhuge Liang and the Pu clan have relatives with Pang Tong, don't be surprised, this is the truth.
At this time, Fang Ling was taken down and Qu Qi was killed, so what happened to Zhuge Liang's eldest sister? We don't know this, so after that, Liu Bei gave another order.
The murder of Zhuge Liang's eldest brother-in-law, Pu Qi, and the whereabouts of the eldest sister are unknown, have become the fear that Meng Da has always had in his heart.
Because after taking Fangling County, Meng Da attacked Shangyong and Xicheng from east to west, and at this time, Liu Bei ordered his righteous son Zhonglang to lead Liu Feng down the Han River with thousands of people to attack Shangyong and Xicheng counties from west to east.
So, why did Liu Bei do this?
The reason the historical data tells us is that Liu Bei privately worried that Meng Da himself would not be able to perform this task, so he sent Liu Feng to support.
Then Liu Bei initially used Meng Da to defend Yidu alone, and then ordered him to attack Fangling in the north, why did he see at this time that Meng Da was not competent?
In fact, throughout Liu Bei's career, his ability to understand people was indeed at a first-class level during the Three Kingdoms period, and it was accurate to the extreme!
He appointed any person to hold any position in any place, it was all a test and investigation of this person, such an important position as Yidu County, Liu Bei handed over to Meng Da zhen to guard for nearly five years, it can not be said that he did not trust Meng Da.
And for Meng Dazhen's performance here, Liu Bei actually could not be unaware. Moreover, in contrast, after Meng Da attacked Fangling in the north, the new Yidu Taishou Fanyou appointed by Liu Bei was extremely bad.
Around November of the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219 AD), due to Guan Yu's defeat, the entire Army of Jingzhou was destroyed, and eastern Wu Luxun went west to yidu, Wuling, and Jianping counties.
As soon as Lu Xun's army arrived, Fan You abandoned the city and fled! As a result, almost all of the Yidu area surrendered to Lu Xun, which was almost incomparable with Meng Da.
However, after the Battle of Fangling, Liu Feng came, and Liu Bei probably had the following considerations.
First of all, Meng Da is probably still not good at co-opting the powerful clan that governs the localities.
The Ku clan is a large clan of Jingxiang, and Meng Da killed Qu Qi, so what will the Ku clan in Jingzhou think?
If Meng Da attacked Shangyong Xicheng, where the Shen brothers' clan forces were intertwined, what would Meng Da do?
Secondly: Pu Qi was Zhuge Liang's eldest brother-in-law.
You Meng Da before the attack, this matter should not be unclear, now that you killed Zhuge Liang's eldest brother-in-law, resulting in his eldest sister also missing, Meng Da, don't you think you have committed a crime?
Third: Meng Da attacked Fangling, and from a purely military point of view, the fight was relatively beautiful.
Moreover, at this moment, Meng Da's private subordinate strength has risen sharply, and the combat effectiveness has also been tested, so can Liu Bei really be so relieved that such an important place as the Eastern Three Counties is handed over to Meng Da alone?
Therefore, Liu Bei's rookie general, Liu Feng, who was very brave and unusual, came here, nominally to help Meng Da, but in fact to monitor Meng Da.
Therefore, after that, in order to strengthen his control over the three eastern counties, Liu Bei made Shen Tan the general of Zhengbei and continued to serve as Shangyong Taishou, and Shen Yi was made the general of Jianxin, and continued to serve as the Taishou of Xicheng.
Fang Ling, on the other hand, handed over to Deng Fu, the representative of fang ling's local Hao clan, as the Taishou, and the intention of co-opting is self-evident.
Liu Feng was promoted to deputy general and commanded the three counties, and Meng Da was Liu Feng's deputy, Liu Bei thought that his arrangement was already good, but the problem still appeared.
When Guan Yu besieged Xiangfan and victory was in sight, he asked Liu Feng Mengda to send troops to besiege Cao Ren, and when Guan Yu was about to be defeated, he also asked Liu Feng MengDa to send troops to rescue.
However, Liu Feng Mengda refused Guan Yu's request on the grounds that he was newly annexed to Shang Yong and other places and people's hearts were unstable.
In this incident of refusing to aid Guan Yu, Meng Da made a "strong effort", as to why Liu Feng rejected Guan Yu in the end.
In fact, if you think about it carefully, it is not difficult to find out, then, why didn't Liu Feng save Guan Yu?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="268" > (4) Liu Feng's abacus</h1>
Li Chu's failure caused Liu Feng to have other ideas in his heart
Liu Feng, a native of Changsha County, Jingzhou, was originally the son of Luo Houkou and the nephew of the Liu family in Changsha County.
When Liu Bei came to Jingzhou, because he was in his forties at that time, he did not yet have any surviving heirs, so Liu Bei also accepted Liu Feng as an adopted son, and Liu Feng was the oldest at that time, when he was more than ten years old.
After being Liu Bei's adopted son, Liu Feng also studied hard and practiced diligently, and his martial arts exceeded those of ordinary people, and he was very powerful, which was highly valued by Liu Bei.
In June of the eighteenth year of Jian'an (213), because the military commander Pang Tongzhonglang died under Luocheng, Liu Bei urgently sent Zhuge Liang into Sichuan to support.
And those who accompanied Zhuge Liang into the river were not only Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun, but also Liu Feng.
At that time, Liu Feng was only more than twenty years old, because of his unusual bravery and martial arts, Liu Feng showed extraordinary performance and was invincible in the conquest of leading the army into Sichuan, so after the pacification of Yizhou, Liu Bei granted Liu Feng the post of deputy general of the army.
In the twenty-third year of Jian'an (218 AD), when Liu Bei formally launched a large-scale attack on Hanzhong, Liu Feng also went to war with him, and Liu Feng's brave martial artist Liu Bei saw it in his eyes.
Therefore, when Cao Cao arrived and there was nothing he could do, Liu Bei also sent Liu Feng to challenge him, and Cao Cao angrily scolded Liu Bei and said:
"A mat weaver who will only send a fake son to provoke your grandfather!" Wait until I tell my yellow bearded child to come and kill you!" ”
Although this sentence proves Cao Cao's anger, it actually highlights cao Cao's persecution by Liu Feng, and the thought of using his own yellow-bearded and fierce Cao Zhang to fight against Liu Feng, so Liu Feng's bravery can also be seen.
It is precisely because of this that Liu Bei will send Liu Feng to lead an army to attack the Eastern Three Counties and command everything in the Eastern Three Counties, so why didn't Liu Feng save Guan Yu at this time?
As mentioned earlier, when Liu Feng received Guan Yu's distress letter, Liu Feng Mengda also hesitated.
Because long before this, when Guan Yu besieged Xiangyang and Fancheng, he successively asked Liu Feng and Meng Da to send troops to assist him. In this way, Liu Bei Group attacked in two ways, and the certainty of taking Fancheng was greater!
At this moment, the east and west lines of Liu Bei Group echoed each other from afar, and the situation was very good. But Liu Feng and Meng Da rejected Guan Yu! The reason is that Shangyong has just been taken down, and the people's hearts are not completely attached, and they cannot easily leave.
However, the question that should also be paid attention to is that Guan Yu gave orders, why did Liu Feng not obey Guan Yu's orders?
Judging from the later development, Liu Feng had greater control and command power over Shangyong, and his loyalty to Liu Bei was no different.
So he didn't obey the orders of his own high-ranking military generals, and such a disobedient behavior was really just because Shangyong had just returned to the unstable people's hearts?
It can be said that Liu Feng's reason has a certain degree of persuasiveness, but it is not accurate.
Because the reason why his victory over Shangyong was so smooth, in addition to Liu Bei's great victory in the Hanzhong region, another important reason was that Guan Yu besieged Cao Ren in Xiangfan.
Therefore, as long as Guan Yu achieves more victories and Liu Feng's shangyong will become more and more stable. Although from the perspective of later development, the rebellion of the Meng Dashen Brothers made Shangyong lose all.
But at that time, first, because Liu Feng was arbitrary, not good at handling colleague relations, and did not properly monitor the Shen brothers.
The second reason was that at that time, Guan Yu had already been defeated, the land of Jingzhou had been lost, and Shangyong was hanging outside the country, and it was no longer defendable. Therefore, the disobedience of the superior is just an excuse with a certain degree of rationality.
The real reason why Liu Feng did not send troops was probably twofold, the first of which was that he did not directly accept guan Yu's obligation to lead.
Why? That is, he went east this time, on the orders of Liu Bei, the king of Hanzhong, to take the shangyong area, and his direct mission did not respond to the military action of Guan Yu in the Jingzhou region.
So, what was the other reason why Liu Feng didn't listen to Yun Chang's orders? This, I am afraid, is closely related to personal self-interest.
Liu Feng, a man of strength and martial arts, was more than Chinese New Year's Eve years old, brave in battle, and made many military achievements. This attack on Shangyong is even more overwhelming.
Moreover, the later Shangyong, with the support of Meng Dashen And shenyi and Cao Wei Xu Huang and other large armies, although Liu Feng was finally defeated, he still retreated with his whole body, which was enough to see his bravery.
So, at this stage, who is most familiar with Liu Feng's ideas? This person is not Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, but Meng Da.
After Meng Da surrendered to Wei, he once wrote a letter to Liu Feng, through which we can know what Liu Feng was thinking, or what kind of psychology he was thinking when he occupied Shangyong.
Liu Feng followed Liu Bei's horse and made many military achievements, and before that, his motivation had been quite sufficient, because his goal, most likely, was Liu Bei's heir.
At that time, Ah Dou was young, but Liu Feng was young and promising. However, just when Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong, the crown prince actually fell on the body of the teenage teenager Liu Chan.
This made Liu Feng's heart very unbalanced.
What is the basis for all this? Just because you're just an adopted son? Therefore, Meng Da's letter pointed out the pain in Liu Feng's heart very well.
Then, if this was the case, why did Liu Feng obey Guan Yu's orders and once again negotiate for Liu Bei's eastern expedition to the west?
What can such a fight be exchanged for yourself? He was not disloyal to Liu Bei, but just held a grudge for himself, and he was negative!
From the rear view, Liu Feng was fierce and tyrannical, and the direct reason for Meng Da's demotion of Wei was that he could not bear Liu Feng's bullying of himself, because Liu Feng had openly seized his advocates.
Then, in addition to the negative qi in Liu Feng's thoughts at this moment, I am afraid that there is another point, that is, he wants to occupy a high position and occupy power, and this dependence is to gradually build the three eastern counties into his own independent kingdom!
At this time, the land of the South Central was not yet clear. However, within the Liu Han clique, there were already several independent generals of the front.
One was Guan Yu, who was in charge of 60,000 or 70,000 troops in the five counties of Jingzhou, one was Wei Yan, the Taishou of Hanzhong who had just been promoted to the sole side, and the other was Zhang Fei, who had been in the area of Sanba Langzhong, who had been alone in the town.
Then, he Liu Feng, at this moment occupies shangyong, the terrain is dangerous, and the soldiers and horses are nearly 10,000, why can't he build this place into his own independent region?
He knew that although Liu Bei had not made him crown prince, he would never be stingy in letting him guard Shangyong, as long as he gained a firm foothold in Shangyong, then he would be the next Guan Yu.
And as Liu Bei gradually grew older, after Yi Shi, who else could suppress liu feng? It can be said that Liu Feng was loyal to Liu Bei, but he resented Liu Bei and started his own small calculation.
Therefore, Guan Yu's orders were even Guan Yu's life and death, and at this moment, they had little to do with Liu Feng. Therefore, this time facing Guan Yu's cry for help, under the advice of Meng Da, Liu Feng chose to refuse to rescue!
Therefore, after the defeat of Guan Yu, Liu Feng and Meng Da were not at ease, and Liu Feng always bullied Meng Da, and more importantly, Meng Da was not at ease.
Not only because he did not save Guan Yu, but also because of Zhuge Liang's brother-in-law. Because at that time, Meng Da's good friend, the first Shang Shu Ling of Liu Bei Group, Fa Zheng, died of illness.
This time, Meng Da no longer has a backer in Liu Bei Group, and if he continues to mix, his head will move sooner or later!
Therefore, in July of the twenty-fifth year of Jian'an (220 AD), half a year after the fall of Jingzhou, Meng Da led more than 4,000 families to surrender to Cao Pi.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="285" > summary:</h1>
Liu Feng's stubbornness has its own personality factors, and even more has the arrogance of supporting the soldiers after the failure of Li Chu, Meng Da's rapid surrender to Wei, in addition to not saving Guan Yu and being bullied by Liu Feng, is more the death of the patron Fazheng and the resentment with Zhuge Liang.
So, what does Liu Feng's final ending have to do with Zhuge Liang? Stay tuned for the following
Welcome all new and old friends to pay attention to, like, comment, and read Xiao Situ's other Three Kingdoms articles
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