#This is happiness Hebei##2021 headlines take you to see Hebei ##2021I endorse Hebei Cultural Tourism##2021 Just look at the international Zhuang ##河北文旅看图识景 #
From "physical geography" to "human geography", we continue to interpret the land of "North of the Great River", not only to present the humanistic beauty of the mountains and rivers of Yanzhao In a panoramic way, but also to reveal a vigorous force - the excellent traditional Chinese culture nurtured in the development of civilization for more than 5,000 years, precipitating the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation, representing the unique spiritual identity of the Chinese nation, and is the rich nourishment of the Chinese nation's endless life and development.
Hebei is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and an important revolutionary base area - this is a revolutionary land, a heroic land, and a place where "New China came from here".
In this land, stories of creation, struggle, unity and dreams have been written and are still being written. Once again, we walk, continuing the form of "on-site visit + professional interpretation" to tell the writer of the story.
It's a cultural journey.
The stone tools of Nihe Bay in the Yangyuan Basin, the ancient echoes of the Battle of Zhuolu, the design wisdom of the oldest city in North China, the reform storm set off by King Wuling of Zhao, the ingenious work of Zhengding Ancient Jianqun and Zhaozhou Bridge, the legend of Shangjia on Zhangku Avenue, the past and present life of modern industry in Jidong... Generous Yan Zhao, life goes on and on.
It's a spiritual journey.
We stood between the mountains and the sea, listening to the Great Wall narration - she is a barrier of isolation, a link between the inside and outside of the Great Wall, and a battlefield against foreign insults.
We walked into Wufeng Mountain, explored the footprints of Li Dazhao, and touched the spark of the earth-shattering events in the Eastern Continent.
We re-walked Taixing and read the "little secrets" in Li Baoguo's spiritual world.
……
Let us rediscover and understand the humanistic qualities nurtured by the land of Hebei and feel its spiritual pursuits- from this, we can know where we come from and where we are going. (Text/Hebei Daily reporter Yuan Weihua)
【Interpretation of Human Geography of Hebei, North of the Great River】
The Great Wall (Part 1)
Thousands of passes
The most representative cultural symbol of Hebei is the Great Wall.
The existing Great Wall in Hebei is 2498.5 kilometers, passing through 59 counties (cities, districts) in 9 districted cities, and the number of Resources of the Great Wall ranks second in the country. The most complete preservation, the most majestic architecture and the most culturally rich section of the Great Wall are all in Hebei.
Shanhaiguan, which was built 8 kilometers between mountains and seas, is a representative of the Ming Great Wall Pass system; Jinshanling has perfectly preserved the original appearance of the Great Wall in terms of architectural components and shapes; Zhangjiakou is known as the "Great Wall Museum of The Past Dynasties" because of the existing Great Wall's multi-generational architecture, wide distribution and rich shape system... In addition to the Great Wall itself, there are also rich historical, ecological and cultural resources along the Great Wall of Hebei, which is the best sample for reading the human geography of Hebei.
Shanhaiguan Great Wall. Xinhua News Agency
The essence of the Great Wall is in Hebei
Shanhaiguan
Mountains and seas know where they are, and why they are called the first
September 9, 2020, Qinhuangdao, Jiaoshan Great Wall.
The weather was sunny and the view was exceptionally clear.
"Stop—"
Guo Zemin, former director of the Shanhaiguan Cultural Protection Institute, suddenly beckoned everyone to stop. This is the first enemy platform before the "climbing" of the Jiaoshan Great Wall, from which the mountain rises suddenly, and further up is the cliff that is almost a cliff.
"Look back!"
Looking in the direction of Guo Zemin's finger, the Great Wall under his feet is like a giant dragon, winding east from the mountains, stringing together the remaining water gates and guancheng at Shanhaiguan, and extending to the blue sea in the distance. "Look, it's the first level in the world. Further ahead, where the heavens and seas meet, is the old dragon head into the sea stone city. ”
The Great Wall connects the mountains, the pass and the sea.
"Shanhaiguan is only 8 kilometers from the mountain to the sea."
The causes and circumstances of history are sometimes rooted in the miraculous work of nature.
Zooming down the scale, geographically, the Liaoxi Corridor connecting north China and northeast China is bordered by the sea in the east and the continuous lofty mountains such as Yanshan Mountain, Qilaotu Mountain, and Nuru'er Tiger Mountain in the west. This narrow and relatively flat passage is about 200 kilometers long, only more than 10 kilometers at its widest point and only a few kilometers at its narrowest point.
At the southern end of the Western Liaoning Corridor, the narrowest place is Shanhaiguan. In the past, the JingfengYi Road, the current Beijing-Harbin Railway, and the Beijing-Shenyang Expressway all passed through this narrow 8-kilometer line - since ancient times, this place has always been the key point from North China to the northeast.
Apparently, the ancients had long noticed this place of "throat locking".
Historically, Shanhaiguan as a strategic place was formed as early as the Qin Dynasty - Shanhaiguan was the key point of the Qin Dynasty Chi Road "Jieshi Road".
During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Northern Qi built the Great Wall here, and its ruins can still be seen in the area of Shimen Hengling in today's Shanhaiguan Changshou Mountain. By the Sui and Tang dynasties, Shanhaiguan, as a military pass, was called "Yuguan" and also known as "Yuguan". During the JinYuan period, the strategic advantages here were significantly strengthened.
And Shanhaiguan really became a Xiongguan fortress, which was a matter for the Ming Dynasty.
"Although the eastern starting point of the Ming Great Wall is currently recognized as Hushan Mountain in Liaoning, Shanhaiguan can still be regarded as the historical starting point of the construction of the Ming Great Wall - when the Ming Dynasty first built the Great Wall, the eastern starting point of the Great Wall was determined at Shanhaiguan, earlier than the Section of the Great Wall in Liaodong."
After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, set up a guard post to strengthen the defense of the north. In the fourteenth year of Ming Hongwu (1381), the great general Xu Da sent 15,100 soldiers from Yanshan and other guards to build thirty-two passes in Yongping, Jieling and other places, and in December of that year, the Shanhai Acropolis was built, which is the origin of the name of Shanhaiguan.
This is a veritable mountain, sea, and pass:
"Sea" is the Bohai Sea;
"Mountain" is a horned mountain with a steep uproar of 519 meters;
Mountains and seas form a natural barrier, and the narrow and long tunnel between the mountains and the sea, which is 8 kilometers from Laolongtou to Jiaoshan, has been artificially constructed by a unique city defense layout composed of Guancheng, Urn Castle, Luocheng, Wing Castle, Outpost Castle, Sea Defense City and Great Wall - this is "Guan".
"In fact, this series of strict urban defense layouts together constitute the 'pass' of Shanhaiguan." The real 'Shanhaiguan' refers to more than just the building we see today with the plaque of 'The First Pass in the World'. Guo Zemin said.
This layout of urban defense makes Shanhaiguan the most prestigious guancheng system on the Great Wall of China.
"When Wu Sangui led the Qing soldiers into the customs, there was this door that was opened." When he reached the North Water Gate of Shanhaiguan Guancheng, Guo Zemin pointed to a small inconspicuous door that was only about 1 meter wide.
In the confrontation between the Ming and the Qing, for the Ming, Shanhaiguan was the core and top priority of the Western Liaoning Defense Line. The Ming Dynasty almost used the strength of the whole country to defend Shanhaiguan. The existence of Shanhaiguan was really called "the safety of the world depends on a wall" at that time.
Shanhaiguan did effectively curb the Qing invasion. The Qing army, which had never been able to take Shanhaiguan, had detoured around the guanxi ten times, threatened Beijing, and even occupied Shandong and other places for a time, but failed to gain a foothold in guannei. The root cause is just like What Wei Yuan said in the Book of Sacred Martial Arts: "When Shanhaiguan controls it, the internal and external momentum is not connected, that is, it enters other mouths, and he can bypass my back road." This also led to the fact that "the Shandong and Zhili Counties of Sok are not guarded, and they are all blocked by Shanhaiguan."
"At that time, Wu Sangui only opened the south water gate, the north water gate and the Guanzhong gate of Shanhaiguan, and two of the water gates could only allow one person to ride through." Guo Zemin said, "But it is these three doors that have completely changed history." ”
On the Shanhaiguan Pass, tourists have taken photos under the giant plaque of "the first pass in the world".
"First of all, it needs to be clear that the two-story building where the 'First Pass under heaven' plaque is hung is actually the Arrow Tower on the east gate of Shanhaiguan Guancheng, also known as the East Tower of Zhendong." It's only a small part of Sekigaku. Guo Zemin smiled and watched everyone take pictures to "punch in", and his words also attracted the attention of tourists, and many people gathered around.
"Shanhaiguan is known as the first pass in the world, but not only because of a huge plaque and a few big characters." Guo Zemin's words turned sharply, "Perhaps, a "Restoration Map of the Ancient Buildings of the Great Wall shanhaiguan" exhibited in the building can explain the problem more, and everyone will understand it when they see it." ”
This is a full map of the Shanhaiguan customs system. Above the long scroll, the horned mountain is majestic, the Bohai Sea is gushing, and between the mountains and the sea, the Layout of the Shanhaiguan Customs City System in the heyday period includes the North and South Wing City, the East and West Luo City, the Ninghai City, the Weiyuan City and various buildings in the city.
In general, the defense system of Shanhaiguan can be divided into two layers: the inner layer takes Guancheng as the core, supplemented by Urn City and Luocheng; the outer layer is mainly scattered sentry cities, wing cities and various roads of Guan pass, Beacon Pass, etc., forming an angle with the inner core.
This layout of urban defense buildings makes full use of the topographical characteristics of the Shanhaiguan area and is designed according to the method of "using risk to control congestion due to terrain".
"From the control of the 8-kilometer key between the mountains and the sea, to the design of the three-dimensional defense system that combines the inside and outside, you can see the subtleties of the Great Wall in terms of site selection and construction, and the entire Guancheng system has both land defense facilities and coastal defense facilities." There are both internal and external echo plane interaction design, as well as a three-dimensional defense layout with deep defense depth. It fully shows the ingenuity of people in the Shanhaiguan setting at that time. "This is the true meaning of 'the first hurdle in the world.'"
In the entire jurisdiction of Shanhaiguan, from Laolongtou on the shore of the Bohai Sea in the south to Jiumen in the depths of Yanshan Mountain in the north, on the 26-kilometer Great Wall line, the dangerous sections have set up Nanhaikou Pass, Nanshui Pass, Shanhaiguan Pass, Beishui Pass, Dry Gate Pass, Jiaoshan Pass, Flood Water Pass, Sandao Pass, Si'eryu Pass and a Piece of Stone Pass, with 43 enemy platforms, 51 city platforms, and 14 beacon towers, which together have created a system of large-depth defense of Shanhaiguan, with strict arches and guards, watching and helping each other, with strict structure, clear functions, and easy to attack and defend.
Jinshanling Great Wall. Photographed by Wang Yaming
Zhangjiakou
The city and the fort have been more than a thousand years, and the Great Wall is not just a wall
September 3, 2020, Zhangjiakou, Dajingmen.
The 5th Hebei Tourism Industry Development Conference is being held in Zhangjiakou, and the Dajingmen Great Wall Historical and Cultural Experience Zone is one of the key observation projects. With the construction of the Great Wall National Cultural Park (Hebei section) in full swing, Hebei is actively promoting the protection of the Great Wall in important construction sections such as Shanhaiguan, Jinshanling, Dajingmen and Chongli.
"Isn't the Dajing Gate the gate of Zhangjiakou, and is it also the Great Wall?" Standing under the four big words of "Great River and Mountain", many tourists have raised such questions.
What even many locals don't know is that the Dajing Gate is actually part of the Great Wall — it was originally just an ordinary pass on the Great Wall line. Even Zhangjiakou Fort, the birthplace of Zhangjiakou City, is part of the Great Wall Guanbao system.
"Dajingmen is a very special Landmark of the Great Wall among the many passes of the Great Wall, and the academic community believes that it is as important as Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Jiayuguan." Chang Wenpeng, head of the business section of the Zhangjiakou Great Wall Protection and Management Office, explained that almost all the passes of the Great Wall are called "guan" and "mouth", and only this pass of Zhangjiakou is called "gate".
The existing Dajing Gate wall is 12 meters high, 13 meters long at the bottom and 9 meters wide, and is a brick arch with a stone foundation. However, as an important pass on the Great Wall line, the setting up of such a huge gate is actually inconsistent with the original intention of military defense.
In fact, the Dajing Gate we see today was built in the first year of the Shunzhi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty (1644), and it is not the Dajing Gate in the Ming Great Wall system.
Walking to the east of the Great Realm Gate, in a depression below the ground level, there is a small door that is isolated and protected by a glass cover, "This is called the Western Realm Gate, also known as the Xiaojing Gate." It is the real pass on the Ming Great Wall. ”
In 2007, with the rescue repair of the eastern section of the Great Wall by the relevant departments in Zhangjiakou, the Western Gate, which had been buried for many years, was revived. The rediscovered Western Gate is 3 meters high and 1.62 meters wide.
Its low and narrow is due.
In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were frequent wars with the Tatars, and the borders were not very peaceful. However, the Central Plains need the fur of the grassland, the grassland also needs the silk tea of the Central Plains, and the West Gate serves as a convenient passage in and out of the Central Plains and the Grassland in North China, but trade has not been completely interrupted. In order to prevent intruders from taking advantage of the void from the trade pass, the small door that allows only one person, one horse and one cart to pass through is the best choice. This Great Wall pass, built for war defense, thus became the "port" of people's trade exchanges and the forefront of national integration at that time.
"This is also the biggest feature of Dajingmen as the most unique pass on the Great Wall line." Meng Qi, director of the Engineering Office of the Hebei Institute of Ancient Architecture Protection and president of the Hebei Great Wall Protection Association, said, "People generally believe that the Great Wall is a tall, strong and continuous long wall to limit the movement of the enemy's riding. But in fact, the Great Wall is not a simple isolated long wall, but a defense system with the wall as the main body and a large number of passes, castles, and beacons. ”
Chang Wenpeng introduced that the Dajing Gate that people see now is actually newly opened on the west side of the Xiaojing Gate in the first year of Qing Shunzhi (1644). In the Qing Dynasty, the defensive function of the Great Wall has been weakened, and a tall gate can strengthen the open image of tea and horse mutual market and exchange.
In September 2020, Zhangjiakou Huaian County South City Wall Lane.
The front of an antique double-glazed shop with a large gilded plaque is full of out-of-town vehicles, and people are queuing up to buy the famous "Chaigou Fort" bacon. This "Chaigou Fort", famous for its bacon, is also part of the Great Wall.
In ancient times, "fort" referred to "a small city made of earth and stone", and also meant "a village with a wall" and "a military fortification". In the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1437), in order to consolidate the border defense and resist the Mongol invasion, the Ming rebuilt the fort city in the rammed earth in the east of the then "Chaigou Camp" and named it "Chaigou Fort".
"The construction of the defense system of the Ming Great Wall is very scientific and practical, consisting of towns, guards, institutes, cities, forts, enemy towers, beacon towers, border walls, etc., the system is strict, and the levels are also very clear." Chang Wenpeng picked up a pen and sketched a schematic diagram with a few strokes on a piece of paper:
The beacon is generally on the outside of the Great Wall, playing the role of lookout and early warning;
The body of the Great Wall was generally referred to as the border wall in the Ming Dynasty;
There are a large number of castles distributed within the border wall, these military forts or civil forts (the number is small) is the basic defense unit in the Great Wall Guanbao system, at first it was the officers and soldiers tun tian stationed, used for military defense, and later the family settled with the army, the people surrendered, such as Zhangjiakou Fort, Laiyuan Fort, Chaigou Fort and so on.
The higher-level cities and acropolises are all different cities under the Ming Dynasty's weishou system. For example, the current Wanquan County Wanquan Town is the location of the Wanquan Right Acropolis in that year.
The highest level is the town city -
Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou City.
The three-eaves, two-storey Qingyuan Building, which is nearly 30 meters high, is located in the center of the city, standing on the Qingyuan Tower, and the Zhenshuo Tower (Drum Tower) in the south is clearly visible. Looking around, the remnants of the ancient city wall, the arch tower to the south, and the Daxin Gate to the west vaguely outline the magnificent outline of the "Xuanfu Town City" more than 600 years ago.
"Xuanhua began to build a city as early as the Tang Dynasty, but the importance of its strategic location was further highlighted after it was expanded and became the town of Xuanfu in the early Ming Dynasty." Meng Qi said.
Because it is closest to the Beijing Division and its strategic position is very important, Xuanfu Town was listed as a "pole chong" place in the Ming Dynasty, so it was said that "the nine sides of the chong should count Xuanfu".
Xuanfu Town has jurisdiction over Xuanfu Qian, Left and Right Guards, Wanquan Left and Right Guards, Huai'an Wei and other 11 Guards, yunzhou, Longmen and other 7 thousand households, a number of castles, is the most important military institution in the north of the Beijing Division.
"The Ming Great Wall has the saying of 'Jizhen City Wall, Xuanfu School Yard', and Xuanhua's status in that year is somewhat similar to the meaning of Zhu Rihe now." Meng Qi further explained that Xuanfu, as an important military fortress along the Great Wall in the north, is held in Xuanfu every year at the imperial court's military parade, so the military parade school in Xuanfu is extremely spectacular.
The Xuanhua City of the Ming Dynasty is grand in scale, with seven gates and one gate, second only to the nine-gate pattern of the Beijing Division. At present, except for the South City Gate Tower, which is well preserved, the other gate towers, urns, corner towers, etc. have not existed.
Xuanfu Town City not only became the center of military defense, but also became a military fortress with independent combat functions because of the tall city wall. At that time, Xuanfu Town was not only the first among the northern towns, but also in the scale of cities in the country.
"If the defensive function of the Great Wall in Qinhuangdao and Chengde is mainly realized by the 'hardware' of the strong Great Wall and the Guan pass, then in the Zhangjiakou area, the defensive function of the Great Wall emphasizes giving full play to the synergy of the three-dimensional military system that combines the town, the guardhouse, and the fortress with the border wall and beacon system of the Great Wall." This is the most significant feature of the Zhangjiakou Great Wall.
The root cause is that because Zhangjiakou is located in the Taihang Mountains, Yin Mountains and Yanshan Mountain Junction, the mountains are complex and changeable, and there are many gullies and valleys, so the continuity of the Long City Wall is difficult to guarantee. From a military point of view, it is more practical to arrange a large number of beacons and castles at important points.
Schematic diagram of the shanhaiguan defense system. Yu Ping/Cartography
Golden Mountain Ridge
Lou and Tai are still there today, why are they unique in all miles
In November 1980, Hualougou Village, Bakshiying Town, Luanping County.
A heavy rain came unexpectedly, and people who traveled to the middle of the mountain ran down the mountain. An old man, carrying a camera on his back, braved the cold rain to continue climbing to the Great Wall at the top of the mountain.
He is Mr. Luo Zhewen, a famous Expert on the Great Wall.
A few days ago, a retired teacher in Luanping wrote a letter to the Great Wall experts in Beijing, introducing a section of the "Nameless Great Wall" on his hometown of Jinshanling. For hundreds of years, the world outside the mountains has been turned upside down, and occasional wars have spread here, but after all, because it is in a deep mountainous area, this section of the Great Wall has basically maintained its original style although it has been eroded by wind and rain.
In the early 1980s, the Badaling Great Wall and the Shanhaiguan Great Wall had already become famous, and people flocked to it. But the Great Wall here is still unknown to the outside world.
The letter attracted the attention of the experts, who formed an inspection team and rushed to Jinshanling to investigate the scene, but they happened to encounter this rain.
Luo Zhewen, who is more than half a hundred years old, climbed the commanding heights of the Great Wall alone, enjoyed the great wall after the rain, and photographed the majesty of the Great Wall. The more he photographed, the more excited he became: "I have been engaged in the research of the Great Wall for decades, and I have never seen such a good section of the Great Wall!" ”
"The Great Wall of Ten Thousand Miles, the Golden Mountain Is Unique", the Jinshanling Great Wall indeed lives up to the "knowledge encounter" of braving the rain to climb.
Among the Great Walls of the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is the largest, the highest quality, and the longest construction time, and the Jinshanling Great Wall concentrates almost all the architectural forms of the Ming Great Wall, which is the most ideal place to appreciate and study the architectural structure of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall.
On September 17, 2020, the brick battlement of the Jinshanling Great Wall.
Guo Zhongxing, director of the Jinshanling Great Wall Cultural Relics Management Office, led reporters from here straight up to Houchuankou - this route is the essence of the Jinshanling Great Wall.
When the first rays of the morning sun pierce the morning fog on the green bricks of the Great Wall, touch the cold city wall with your hand, and the temperature seems to be slowly coming from hundreds of years ago.
Guo Zhongxing tapped the wall bricks with both hands, "The wall is the main body of the Great Wall, and the walls of the Jinshanling Great Wall are generally based on a strip of stone, and the bricks are wrapped to the top, which is filled with loess and stone blocks, and then compacted, so the wall is extremely strong." ”
The jinshanling long city wall is built skillfully according to the mountain, and at the same time, the cliffs, mountain dangers and passes are used to form a borrowing wall, a split gable wall, and a mountain dangerous wall.
According to the inscription of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, the construction of the city wall in the middle and late Ming Dynasty was divided into three grades: first class, second class and third class:
The first-class side walls are mostly repaired in key parts, generally with square strips as the base, the inner and outer sides of the wall are built with bricks or strips of stone, the center of the wall is filled with loess or woolly stone, rubble, the upper battlements and the yu wall are all built with bricks, and the horse road is paved with square bricks.
The outer side of the second-class side wall is built with brick or strip stone masonry, the inner side is made of wool stone masonry, and the surface is made of tiger skin stone wall surface, and sewn with white ash. The battlements and walls are all made of brick masonry. The road is also paved with bricks.
The third-class side walls are generally built with wool stone masonry, and the inner and outer walls are made of tiger skin stone walls (some only do the outer side), and the thickness of the wall, the size of the section and the practice of the upper part of the road vary according to the needs of defense and topographical conditions.
Most of the border walls of the Ming Great Wall in Hebei are of higher rank, and the walls of the Great Wall such as Shanhaiguan and Jinshanling are mostly first-class border walls.
The section of the Great Wall route from the brick battlement mouth to the General Building is a must-have section for tourists coming to Jinshanling. This section of the Great Wall is very well preserved, and large green bricks cover the entire Great Wall and the horse road, and the white and gray slugs are meticulous.
Along the green brick steps up the steps, Guo Zhongxing introduced, under our feet is the horse road, the outer side is the battlement wall, the battlement wall is equipped with a battlement mouth and a stone hole, the inner side is the Yu Wall (also known as the Daughter Wall), the inside and outside are different in height, and the Yu Wall is lower than the Duokou Wall.
Standing in front of the battlements and looking north, the mountains stretch endlessly, directly in the sky, making people trance with the illusion of thousands of troops and horses.
"The battlement wall is mainly used by soldiers in combat, and when the enemy comes to attack, the enemy situation in the distance and under the city wall can be observed from the battlement mouth or the stone hole, and the firearm or arrow can be fired through the battlement mouth, and the stone can be released through the stone hole." "On some walls, the Ming army even used the Flang machine cannon, which was very powerful at that time."
Guo Zhongxing specifically pointed out two details -
"If you look at this stone hole design, it is not a simple hole, but a ballistic groove is designed on the wall under the hole, and the stone mine accelerates in the process of sliding, leaving the wall in the form of a parabola, which can not only expand the strike surface, but also prevent the exploded rubble from damaging the wall." Another unique design is the battlement, the battlement of the Jinshanling Great Wall is inverted figure eight, this design can not only expand the observation and strike surface, but also better protect themselves from being shot by the enemy.
On the walls of the Jinshanling Great Wall, there are different numbers of holes, and early researchers do not know why there are also several holes on the inner side of the Great Wall, is it to look at the rear?
After research by experts, it was determined that these were actually ventilation holes designed on the body of the Great Wall. In order to avoid the erosion of the wall by the wind and the reduction of the impact of the wind on the wall, the builders of the Great Wall deliberately set up ventilation holes on the yu wall to form a wind channel with the battlements and stone holes.
Another major feature of the Jinshanling Long City Wall is the preservation of a complete form of barrier wall.
On the west side of the General Building of the Great Wall of Jinshanling, Guo Zhongxing stepped into the barrier wall one step at a time and hid his entire body behind the barrier wall, "The barrier wall can be said to be a barrier that has both attack and defense, even if the enemy attacks the city wall, the defenders can still rely on the barrier wall to step by step as a battalion, step by step fortification, protect themselves, and kill and injure the enemy." ”
The General Building is the command center of the Jinshanling Section of the Great Wall, and it is actually a hollow enemy platform.
The most prominent and prominent building of the Jinshanling Great Wall is the enemy platform that looks at each other and echoes from afar.
Enemy platforms are generally built on the wall, and the foundation is mostly two floors (there are also three floors), the lower layer is hollow, and there are arrow windows and lookout holes around it. It can store grain and grass and garrison soldiers.
"If the enemy wants to attack the General's Building, he needs to break through five lines of defense,"
Standing on the general's building, the cylindrical buildings on the left and right of the two hills to the north are the first line of defense of the Jinshanling Great Wall, called beacons, which play a role in early warning and transmission of military information.
Beacon towers, also known as smoke piers, beacons and wolf smoke piers, are mostly built on the top of the mountain, and there are also plain areas. During the day, the smoke is called "beacon", and the fire is called "flint" at night, and the platforms are connected, and the distance between the various beacons is clearly seen by the eyesight. In order to report the number of enemy soldiers coming, it is also distinguished by the number of cigarettes and fires. In the Ming Dynasty, the sound of cannons was also added while burning smoke and raising fires to enhance the effect of the alarm, so that military information could be quickly transmitted thousands of miles away.
In addition to the main line of the East-West Great Wall, a section of the branch wall extends from the General Building to the north, and the branch wall can form a pinch and encirclement trend with the main line of the East and West Great Wall, encircling and annihilating the invading enemy, which is the second line of defense. If the enemy breaks into the command center of the General Building, there is a third line of defense on the hillside outside the General Building, a fourth line of defense under the Moon Wall, and if the enemy breaks through the pass to attack the General Building or build a ladder to attack the Great Wall, the barrier wall is the fifth line of defense.
Another basic component of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty is the horse face (also known as the wall platform, the battle platform), the height of the city wall is the same height, mostly rectangular, a few round, protruding on the side of the wall (mostly the outside), its main function is to defend and kill the enemy.
When the enemy attacked, the defenders took the stage to meet the battle, and the Yashi cannon was projected from a commanding height, so that the enemy could not approach the stage. And when the enemy army approached the city wall, the defenders could attack the enemy from the side from the horse's side of the protruding part of the city wall.
"Such a tight defense system, well-preserved various components, is rare along the entire Great Wall." "The unique show of Jinshan is not only magnificent and strange after hundreds of years, but more importantly, it allows future generations to glimpse the original appearance of the Great Wall and appreciate the momentum of the Ancient Saixiong Pass of the Great Wall through time."
Majestic and majestic. Photo by correspondent Chen Liang
(Transferred from: Hebei News Network)