The ancestors of Tanqian were the People of Bieliang, Henan, who migrated to Lin'an, Zhejiang province in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and to Yanguan Zaolin Village at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. Tan Qian's father, Tan Yuting, studied everywhere in his early years, and in the second year of the Ming Dynasty, he obtained the qualification of a student in Hangzhou Province, but he failed to pass the next few township examinations, so he gave up the road of the imperial examination.
Tan Qian was born in the twenty-second year of the Ming Wanli Calendar, he was a character of Wei Mu, the number of Guan Ruo, when he was 15 years old, he was admitted to xiucai, because of the lack of examination, in order to make a living, he did a record office for others, that is, copywriting work. In the fourteenth year of Shunzhi, Tan Qian died of illness in Fenyang, Shaanxi Province, at the age of 64.
Tan Qian's most important work is "Guo Yu", which is quite famous in the field of historiography, and the content of this book is actually a private revision of the history of the Ming Dynasty. Why did Tan Qian write such a big book? Tan Qian, in the "Righteous Examples" of the "Guo Yu", claims to be in the first year of the Apocalypse: "Read Chen Jian's Tongji, ugly, privately recorded, gradually collected and broadened, and six drafts were transferred to a hundred volumes." ”
Talking about the nine volumes of the "Journey to the North" Deng Zhicheng Five Stone Zhai Banknote, Deng Zhicheng Inscription
In the first year of the Apocalypse, Tan Qian read Chen Jian's "Emperor Ming Tongji", he thought that this was not well written, and thus he had the idea of writing a ming history alone, so he began to collect historical materials one after another, and then after six major revisions, it finally became this hundred-volume book. Huang Zongxi said in the "Table of The Tomb of TanRumu": "At the beginning, as a sentient being, he disdained the secluded and narrow houses of the field, but looked at the chaos of ancient and modern times." It is especially concerned about the allusions in the Ming Dynasty. ”
It seems that Tan Qian originally had little interest in the imperial examination, and he especially liked to read books on historical changes, especially obsessed with the allusions of the Ming Dynasty, perhaps because of this preference, he was quite familiar with the historical materials of the Ming Dynasty, so that when he read Chen Jian's "Huang Ming Tongji", he could realize the lack of the book, and then he had the idea of rewriting a new one.
Compiling history books requires a large number of original historical materials, talking about the relocation of the humble, of course, there are no such books in his family, for the difficulty of reading historical materials, he wrote in the "Book of The Shangtai Servant Cao Qiuyuan": "The relocation of the book is cold, not to support the vola, the purchase of books is taken from the porridge, the loan book is lighter than Webb, and the lower Yi is ugly, the thin look at the yun, ask its shelf, and the pawn is the poster. So ask a posthumous editor, humble words, or more so, Jin Yun is not the same, often dreaming. ”
Talking about the nine volumes of the "Journey to the North" Deng Zhicheng Five Stones Zhai Banknote, the beginning of the volume
At that time, the original "Ming Shilu" was hidden in the imperial palace, and there was no reason to see it, but some high-ranking officials of the Ming Dynasty who attached importance to historical materials copied the "Ming Shilu", and Tan Qian was eager to see these banknotes. It may be this reason that he managed to get acquainted with Zhang Shenyan, the Shangshu of Nanjing Hubu, and after the two met, they talked very speculatively, and Tan Qian wrote on the New Year's Day of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen: "Mr. Yu Shi gurudwara, ordered to study with Bo Tan, and earnestly raised his life. At night, the gentleman went to bed, and the rest of the generations still talked freely. In the past and present, it is not without words. ”
The two often discussed the problem until the middle of the night, for this reason, Zhang Shenyan asked Tan Qian to do his own record room, thinking that it was at this stage that Tan Qian read the banknote of the "Ming Shilu". In March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Zhang Shenyan's term of office expired and he was going to beijing, and before he left, he recommended Tan Qian to the new Nanjing Hubu Shangshu Gao Hongtu. When Zhang Shenyan had not yet left Nanjing, the Chongzhen Emperor was martyred. In May of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the Hongguang Dynasty was established in Nanjing, Gao Hongguo entered the cabinet, and Zhang Shenyan was made the official Shangshu. However, Tan Qian had contacts with these two high-ranking officials, so he continued to collect historical materials and wrote the lower limit of the book "Guo Yu" to the Southern Ming Hongguang Dynasty.
Regarding the fact that two high-ranking officials provided him with historical materials, Zhu Yizun said in the "Nanjing Taichang Temple Zhiba": "Haihai Ning talked about the Wood Pavilion in Jiaozhou Gaoge Old Hongtu Residence, and the Cabinet Elder Guide borrowed the old book of the palace to look at it, because it became a "Guoyu" one, and its legacy was "Zaolin Miscellaneous Tricks". ”
Talking about the nine volumes of the "Journey to the North" Deng Zhicheng Wushi Zhai banknote, Zhu Zhixi preface
According to Zhu Yizun, Gao Hongtu showed Tan Qian a lot of original historical materials, and it was based on these historical materials that Tan Qian wrote the book "Guo Yu". This can only be said that the first draft of the book "Guo Yu" was based on Gao Hongtu's family historical materials, but the first draft of the book "Guo Yu" has been lost, and the manuscript of the book made later by Tan Qian is based on a large number of other historical materials, and the content of oral history is added.
In addition to the "Ming Shilu", he also consulted more than a hundred kinds of Mingren's writings, and finally completed the first draft of the book "Guo yu". But unfortunately, the manuscript of the "Guo Yu" compiled by Tan Qian, who had worked so hard, was stolen by the thief, and the "Righteous Example" contained this matter: "'Thieves and thieves, and drooling: 'Oh! I'm going to die!' Ju Heng borrowed books from people, and for more than twenty years, although he lost them all, he did not dare to abolish them. So he walked a hundred miles away, examined the group books, and attributed them to the "Records of Reality". His "Records of Reality" are attributed to the An Tang clan as a rare book, and the Li Shen clan and the Wutang Qian clan are slightly more prominent. Ice sweat cocoon, a few years old, the beginning of the former ambition. Tian Fu Shou Zhu, the fool carved a boat, giving the sick class. ”
In August of the fourth year of Shunzhi, a thief came to Tan Qian's home and bundled up the manuscript, and the loss of the manuscript made Tan Qian cry bitterly, saying that he had spent more than twenty years of energy on writing this book, and he did not expect it to disappear overnight.
The navigation took me to this stop sign
When this thief came to talk about why the family only stole this manuscript, Huang Zongxi's statement in the "Table of the Tomb of The Wood of the Dragon" is: "When it is, people are in mourning, and they want to trace the cause of the cause to show the afterlife, but they see and hear narrowly, and there is nothing to rely on. The monarchs and disciples stood on all sides, and there were no desirers, and at night there were thieves who entered their rooms, and they sent out all the manuscripts to go. ”
Huang Zongxi explained that the social turmoil in the late period gave many readers the idea of becoming famous in history, but unfortunately few people could access the real original historical materials, and they heard that Tan Qian's book "Guo Yu" was based on many original documents such as "Ming Shilu", so they had the idea of stealing this manuscript for themselves.
It seems that the thief was probably a thief sent by a person with a strong desire to write, and after this person entered tanqian's house, he saw that Tanjia still wanted to steal other things at the same time, but there was nothing poor in Tanqian's family, so he had to steal this big book manuscript. However, after the manuscript was stolen, it was published without seeing the name of someone else, and it is unknown where the manuscript eventually went. Tan Qian said in "The Original Thief": "The village thief Fang Fang is blazing, he does not plunder when he enters my room, and he plunders in early August." Oh, forgiveness at first, then forgave. He forgives me with the original Constitution Qianlou also, and his daughter-in-law I cut the fat with honor. ”
Nice bus stop
It is also said here that in May of the fourth year of Shunzhi, there were robbers who came to Talk about moving their homes and robbing them, but they did not rob the manuscript, and in August they came to their homes to rob it, this time snatching the manuscript. According to Tan Qian,the manuscript was robbed rather than stolen, tan Qian said that the reason for being robbed was to "divide the glory and cut the fat", and the implication was that the person who snatched the manuscript wanted to get honor, that is, he wanted to change the name of the manuscript of "Guo Yu" to himself, but he did not see a similar book afterwards.
Tan Qian was in pain for a while, and he decided to start another stove and rewrite the book, which said: "Jun Yan ran: 'My hand is still there, but I am already there?' 'Borrowed books from Jiashan Qian Xiangguo to restore it.' He was 54 years old when the manuscript was lost, but he said that his hands were still there and he couldn't just stop there, so he began to borrow reference materials such as "Ming Shilu" everywhere, and spent several years of effort, and finally wrote the book "Guo Yu".
After the manuscript was completed again, in order to make the manuscript more substantial, he wanted to go to Beijing to learn more about the facts and see more historical materials. In the tenth year of Shunzhi, Yiwu Zhu Zhixi served as the editor of the Hongwen Academy, and after the expiration of the service period, he would return to Beijing, Zhu Zhixi hired Tan Qian as a record room, and Tan Qian took this opportunity to bring his own book manuscript to Beijing. He lived in Beijing for less than three years, during which time he read a large number of Ming writings such as the Liukou Jiluo, the Surviving Record, and the Biography of The Characters of the Four Dynasties, and in order to enrich the historical materials of the Chongzhen Dynasty, he also read and copied many Di Bao. At the same time, Tan Qian also met some elders who were familiar with the Ming Dynasty and recorded a lot of oral historical materials.
National Road signs
Later, Tan Qian returned to his hometown, and he wrote this experience in Beijing into a book called "Journey to the North". In the preface to the book's "Chronicles of Literature", he said: "From the north, with brown and lowly, I have heard very little, but I dare not destroy myself." The ear belongs to one or two, and the nobles on it are said to be outside the dust of Xiang, and the pedantic is not expected. To the Yuan Confucian Quetzalcoatl, there is no beginning of multi-value, inter-value, and Yu Yu is self-cowardly, and he is long-lasting. ”
It can be seen how hard Tan Qian worked to collect historical materials, but the "Journey to the North" written by him was also unable to be engraved, and it has always been circulated in the form of banknotes. Later, Wang Beiping based on Deng Zhicheng banknotes and the banknotes collected by the Beijing Library, which was printed by the Zhonghua Bookstore in 1958, and Zhilanzhai's collection was the Deng Zhicheng banknotes.
Judging from the preface written by Zhu Zhixi for the "Journey to the North", in order to collect historical materials of the Ming Dynasty, Tan Qian searched everywhere in the mountains around Beijing for historical relics and tablets related to them, and he often got lost, but he still enjoyed it: "The salt officials talk about the wood, the year begins with the staff, the same Chang'an, every time he climbs the screen, visits the ruins, weighs the cocoon, gets lost, takes the road from the village maid of Muzhu, enjoys it tirelessly, and the bystanders steal it, and ignore it." And sit in the poor village, day to day, palm big thin hoof, hand taste. Or cover the back of the paper, graffiti haunting, to the point of indiscenceivability. Or listen to the wall, anecdotes, remnants, as far as the eyes and ears can see, and leave no one behind. He is diligent. ”
See this totem in the distance
Zhu Zhixi said that Tanqian carried paper and pencil with him when doing fieldwork, and recorded various observations along the way, and in order to save paper, Tanqian even wrote the back of the paper with words.
In August of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Tan Qian went to visit Chongzhen's mausoleum, and he talked with the eunuch Xu Shi, who guarded the tomb, and learned the details of the palace at the time of the jiashen revolution. Tan Qian added the collected historical materials into the manuscript one by one, and after he completed the work of supplementing the historical materials, he returned to his hometown of Haining in the thirteenth year of Shunzhi. In the summer of the following year, he was hired by Shen Zhenheng, the governor of Pingyang Prefecture in Shanxi, to go to Pingyang to do a record.com. He studied 12 pages of the Guoyu every day during his time in Binh Duong, but died of illness shortly thereafter. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, when Qian Chaowei returned to Haining, he moved tan qian's remains back to Haining, and the manuscript of the "Guoyu" was also brought back. Zhang Cizhong said in the "Records of Yu Ye": "The Treatise on History, the History of the State, the Collection of Jujube Forests, the Records of the Journey to the North, the Records of the Journey to the West, the Zaolin Miscellaneous Tricks, the Zaolin Waisuo, and the Haichang Waizhi are hundreds of volumes, which are hidden at home. ”
It can be seen from this that manuscripts such as "Guo Yu" and "Northern Journey Record" returned to Tan Qian's home, but Tan's family was unable to print and engrave, and has been preserved in manuscript form, for which some banknotes appeared, and three hundred years later, after Zhang Zongxiang's collation, the book "Guo Yu" was officially published.
Engraved on it is tanqian cultural park
Regarding the situation of the draft, Zhang Weiru wrote in the Records of the Late Ming Dynasty: "Yu tasted his book. About 20,000 pages. Alteration of annotations. There must be several places every time. Or inter-row plugs. Then glue a piece of paper to the simple end to make up for it. Cover the rewrite after the re-finalization also. There are judgments. The elderly have more than ten lines. Short two or three lines. Now his books belong to the big surname, and he orders the house slaves to decorate and remove the paper they have stuck to. If the gentleman knows in the underground, he will weep bitterly. ”
Zhang Wenru had seen the original manuscript of the book, and it turned out that the manuscript had such a large length, and there were a lot of traces of correction in it, because there were many corrections. But then the manuscript was bought by a rich man who did not understand books, and he asked the servant of the family to reload the book, but the servant removed all the floating signs in the manuscript, which made the manuscript no longer complete. Zhang Weiru said that if he knew about moving underground, he would definitely cry bitterly after he knew. This manuscript later disappeared, Zhang Zongxiang was proofread according to the banknote point, and it is unlikely that the banknote he is based on has the content of the floating signature, so the tanqian book seen today is no longer the original face of the original manuscript.