In 1921, Sun Yat-sen, after meeting Marin, a representative of the Comintern, decided to establish a school capable of training all-round military personnel. The Whampoa Military Academy was established under such an opportunity.
With the far-reaching influence of Sun Yat-sen and others in political circles, many outstanding people came to apply for the Whampoa Military Academy, plus the outstanding talents continuously selected by the Communist Party from all over the world. For a time, the school was full of talents.
In the later confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the students who had emerged from the Whampoa Military Academy exerted more or less their political influence.
Among the graduates of the Huangpu Phase 1 who joined the Communist Party, there were three very outstanding talents, the oldest of whom became the founding marshal of China. The other two died on the road to the War of Resistance. So who are they?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > left power: "a thousand hammers and a hundred refinements", killed on the battlefield</h1>
Zuo Quan was born in 1905 in Liling County, Hunan Province, and he grew up in a very poor family, but he never gave up the opportunity to study. When he went to the county town to attend middle school, he gradually came into contact with some progressive books such as "New Youth" and came into contact with the progressive ideas of communism, which had a great influence on him. Therefore, when he saw that the country was in a deep and fierce situation, he resolutely chose to join the army and became a student of the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy.
When Zuo Quan studied at the Whampoa Military Academy, his achievements were very good. He was able to memorize Sun Tzu's Art of War very early on, so his prestige among his classmates was extremely high, and the teachers in the school paid great attention to it.
Left right
So he just graduated from the Whampoa Military Academy, joined the Communist Party under the introduction of Chen Geng, and after receiving progressive ideas, he has always regarded the ideas of the Communist Party as his belief, and this concept has continued throughout his nearly 20-year political career.
In February 1925, Zuo Quan officially began his military career, first leading his troops to fight against the warlords Yang Ximin and Liu Zhenhuan, and then blocking Chen Jiongming's "Eastern Crusade". His series of achievements have been highly recognized by the party.
Subsequently, in order to make Zuo Quan accept more advanced ideas, Premier Zhou sent him to the Soviet Union to study. It also became a turning point in his life.
During his study in the Soviet Union, Zuo Quan also adhered to his own principles, was upright and upright, meticulous in his work, and studied very hard and seriously like at the Whampoa Military Academy. Therefore, he is very prestigious among his classmates.
But at this time, there was also a Communist Party member studying in the Soviet Union, and this person was Wang Ming. Wang Ming also joined the Communist Party of China in 1925, but this man was self-assured and high-minded, and he liked to "make a splash" in all kinds of activities, and Zuo Quan, a talent who was excellent in all aspects, naturally attracted his attention.
He tried to draw Zuo Quan into his "camp", but Zuo Quan was not moved at all, which made Wang Ming feel very dissatisfied, and he always wanted to find an opportunity to embarrass Zuo Quan.
In 1928, Zuo Quan and some classmates studying in the Soviet Union had a "reunion dinner" in the dormitory, which gave Wang Ming the opportunity to make a big fuss. He vigorously declared that Zuo Quan and others were "Jiangsu and Zhejiang fellow villagers, suspected of Trotskyism." Since then, Zuo Quan has been crowned with a false "Trotskyist charge."
Wang Ming
In 1930, Zuo Quan returned to China, and just when he thought he was finally going to get rid of this crime, he met Wang Ming again.
At this time, Wang Ming, who had been returning to China for several years, was already a leader in the party who was "on his own", and after Zuo Quan returned to China, Wang Ming brought back their old accounts in the Soviet Union.
At that time, the Soviet zone of the Red Army was being purged, and Zuo Quan became the first victim. Although Zuo Quan appealed to the organization on many occasions, his complaint has never been resolved. He was also dismissed from his post in 1932 and placed on probation.
Despite this, Zuo Quan still adhered to the communist ideal in his heart and has always struggled hard for the party and the country.
After the start of the Red Army's Long March in 1935, Zuo Quan led the vanguard troops to fight, he captured the county town of Yue'an in an unexpected way, and covered the main force of the Red Army to cross the Dadu River by diverting the attention of the Kuomintang. This retained sufficient strength for the future development of the Red Army.
In June 1936, shortly after the Red Army of the CPC Central Committee arrived in northern Shaanxi, it engaged in a fierce battle with the kuomintang troops that were tracking it. Zuo Quan led his army to participate in the Battle of Huanshan County Castle, and under the joint counterattack with other armies, Zuo Quan fought fiercely with the enemy for 5 hours, and finally eliminated the strength of one of Hu Zongnan's brigades, resulting in heavy losses to the Nationalist army.
Later, Zuo Quan led the army to make great contributions in many battles. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zuo Quan also formulated a series of measures against the japanese army's combat methods. Facts have proved that The Left Quan had an extremely brilliant and brilliant vision in the War of Resistance.
Unfortunately, in 1945, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the Eighth Route Army, and Zuo Quan was unfortunately shot and killed in the process of breaking the queen, at the age of 37.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="61" > Huang'ao: resolutely joined the army and died heroically</h1>
Huang Ao has many similarities with Zuo Quan, he is also a Hunan native, his hometown is in Linli County. Huang Ao's family lived in poverty when he was a child, but at the insistence of his father, Huang Ao successfully completed primary and secondary schools, and later, he also served as a student federation and a teacher in the school.
During this period, Huang Ao came into contact with many progressive ideas, and after seeing the country suffer, he felt extremely heartache and gradually realized that only by rising up to resist could he save the country from the depths of the sea, so he had the idea of repaying the country with his own body.
In 1924, Huang Ao, holding the few pieces of ocean on his body, resolutely ran to Guangzhou to enter the Whampoa Military Academy and became a student of the 1st phase of the Whampoa Military Academy.
When he joined the Whampoa Military Academy, Huang Ao studied very hard, and his grades in the school were always among the best, coupled with his helpful personality, he won the trust of his classmates.
Soon, Huang Ao and Li Zhilong and others in the same team "mingled together". At that time, Li Zhilong was already a communist party member, and he was infected by Huang Ao's industriousness and studiousness and the spirit of seeking progress, so under Li Zhilong's efforts, Huang Ao became a glorious member of the Communist Youth League.
In July 1924, Huang Ao, because of his outstanding performance, went from a member of the Communist Youth League to a party member. This greatly encouraged Huang Ao, and since then, he has worked harder to learn new ideas and new cultures, and to enrich himself by reading progressive books.
After graduating from the Whampoa Military Academy, he successfully entered the political department of the military academy. At that time, the work of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy was mainly zhou Enlai, so Huang Ao's job was to assist Zhou Enlai, responsible for sorting out documents and publicizing the work.
Premier Zhou at the Whampoa Military Academy
Because the essence of the Whampoa Military Academy was still "accelerated" education, in order for the students to quickly and skillfully master various military skills, Huang Ao and Zhou Enlai themselves compiled a large number of easy-to-understand and fascinating military teaching materials, which played a very important role in the military education in the school later. At the same time, Huang Ao's work ability and loyalty to the party were also highly praised by Premier Zhou.
Later, Huang Ao has been shining brightly in the military education of the party, and after the "Zhongshan Ship" incident, he once published articles in the press exposing the true face of the Kuomintang reactionaries. In addition, he wrote a number of textbooks to help the soldiers in the army to read and write, as well as to distinguish between revolutionary and warlords, which were widely acclaimed in the army.
In July 1928, Huang Ao was assigned to the Fourth Army as chief of staff, and the commander of the Fourth Army at that time was He Long. Huang Ao had followed He Long without fear of sacrifice and charged on the battlefield, and He Long was also very appreciative of his courage, so one of the people He Long trusted most in the army at that time was He Jinzhai and the other was Huang Ao.
It was also in this year that Huang Ao was unfortunately killed in the course of the battle. In late August, When He Long learned of the failure of the Nanxiang uprising, he immediately held a meeting and decided to organize an army to launch a rebellion in Northwest Township.
In this way, Huang Ao, with some guards, was sent to the Zengjia compound, which was 8 kilometers away from the Xinkai Temple, to cover the breakthrough of the main force of the New Fourth Army.
That night, Li Yunjie's troops of the enemy's 14th Army and more than 1,000 of Shi Menluo's forces launched a surprise attack on Huang'ao. Although the other side was numerous, Huang Ao insisted on fighting the enemy until the early morning of the next day, because of the heavy losses of the troops, he had to choose to retreat.
Just as they were moving to the back hill, because they were just on the slope and there was not enough to cover them, Huang Ao was unfortunately hit by stray bullets from the enemy and died at the age of 26.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" > Xu Xiangqian: Heroic resistance, a success</h1>
Xu Xiangqian was the only one of the first batch of students of the Whampoa Military Academy to become the Ten Marshals of New China. He was born in Shanxi Province and was the only northerner among the ten marshals.
He has lived a very poor life since he was a child, and the five brothers and sisters all rely on their mother's hard work to support him. When he was ten years old, he was sent to a private school by his father as a xiucai to read some books, and he cherished this hard-won learning opportunity.
Later, Xu Xiangqian was admitted to a normal school in Shanxi Province, which often invited Hu Shi and other people with far-reaching influence in the political circles to give speeches, and Xu Xiangqian, who was exposed to progressive ideas, was inspired and gradually developed the idea of saving the country.
Marshal Xu Qianqian
In 1924, when Xu Xiangqian heard that the newly founded Whampoa Military Academy was enrolling students, he did not hesitate to choose to enroll. And with excellent results, he was successfully admitted to the Whampoa Military Academy.
Xu Xiangqian also studied very hard during the school period, and soon mastered all the military theoretical knowledge taught in the school, and could also put forward his own unique insights, which made the teachers and the surrounding students very appreciative.
During his time at the Whampoa Military Academy, Xu Xiangqian did not join the Communist Party, but joined the Kuomintang. Later, when the ranks were broken up during the crusade against the warlords, Xu Xiangqian moved to Wuhan, where he was introduced to join the Communist Party of China in 1927 and participated in the Nanchang Uprising that year.
During the first Kuomintang civil war, Xu Xiangqian showed the strength to "stand alone". In 1930, Xu Xiangqian was appointed deputy commander of the First Army of the Red Army and led the army in battle against the enemy on the Pinghan Railway.
In just two months, Xu Xiangqian led his troops to annihilate the strength of the enemy's two regiments, and later, he flexibly used tactics to fight the Kuomintang troops led by He Chengjun, and finally annihilated the strength of the enemy's four brigades, which showed Xu Qianqian's excellent combat ability.
After the reorganization of the Red Fourth Army, Xu Xiangqian became the chief of staff of the army and led the Red Fourth Army to the first victory of the Red Army against encirclement and suppression.
In the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Xu Xiangqian and the division commander Liu Bocheng tacitly cooperated and repeatedly repelled Japanese attacks, causing the Japanese army to suffer serious blows.
Deng Xiaoping and Liu Bocheng
In 1938, the Japanese army concentrated tens of thousands of people to launch an attack on the southern Jin region of western Jin, and Xu Xiangqian and Liu Bocheng decided to adopt the method of ambush operations in order to block the Japanese army in southern Jin. In the Battle of Changshengkou, they used the strength of two regiments to ambush near Changshengkou and ordered the 769th Regiment to attack the enemy in the early morning of the next day, luring the enemy to send reinforcements.
When more than 200 Japanese troops passed through Changshengkou by car, they were violently attacked by the ambush team of the Eighth Route Army, and finally after 5 hours of fierce fighting between the two sides, the Eighth Route Army destroyed more than 130 Japanese troops.
The victory of this ambush successfully stopped the Japanese army's advance towards the jinnan region, forcing the Japanese army to draw a large number of troops to deal with the Eighth Route Army, which also had an effective deterrent effect on the Japanese army in the overall situation.
Even Wei Lihuang, the commander of the Kuomintang at the time, admired Xu Xiangqian's method of warfare, and he repeatedly said to his subordinates: "The Eighth Route Army's flexible tactics are good, you see they have won many battles!" ”
In the second year of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the army under the leadership of the Communist Party began to develop into the plains. Both Hebei and Shandong successively set up guerrilla command groups to carry out guerrilla operations in the plains.
To this end, Xu Xiangqian deliberately formulated a series of operational policies according to the characteristics of the Japanese army's offensive. He pointed out: First, it is necessary to raise all kinds of materials needed for the battle as soon as possible; second, slow down the enemy's advance speed by digging more road ditches and setting up roadblocks; third, disperse operations, respond flexibly, do not stick to them, rely on the vast number of villages to disperse guerrillas, and ensure that they will hide and hide and fight, and if they do not fight, they will win a battle; fourth, suppress the traitors and beware of the Kuomintang.
Under the command of Xu Xiangqian, the Japanese army failed in 28 attacks before and after, not only could they not find the Eighth Route Army, but they were also beaten by the attack of the Eighth Route Army and fled, and finally the Japanese had to withdraw from the central area of southern Hebei and stop the sweeping.
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke down, and Xu Xiangqian once again took the initiative to ask for help and participate in the Liberation War. In the course of his later struggle against the Kuomintang, Xu Xiangqian successively participated in the Battle of Yuncheng, the Battle of Jinzhong, and the Battle of Taiyuan. It has also achieved very good results.
Old photographs awarded in 1955
In 1955, at the conferment ceremony in New China, Xu Xiangqian was awarded the rank of "Marshal" for his achievements in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.