Heyin and Heyang 丨 Yellow River line

Heyin Heyang and Hedong Hexi are historical regional concepts. In the 22nd year of Tang Kaiyuan, In order to facilitate transportation, Tang Xuanzong built a heyin warehouse at the mouth of the Bian River, and designated Shuishui and Xingze, together with part of Wuzhi, as Heyin County. Since then, Heyin and Heyang have become important ancient domain names, appearing on both sides of the Yellow River. Heyin Andyang is bounded by the Yellow River. Generally speaking, from Luoyang Mengjin on the south bank of the small wave bottom to Xingyang in Zhengzhou, the main area of Xingyang is Heyin, and the Jiaozuo Wuzhi area on the north bank is Heyang, including Xinxiang.

The reason why Xingyang is called Xingyang is because there was an ancient Xingze. Xingze is no longer seen, but there is a lot of water in Xingyang, the lakes and rivers are rippling, and there are boats in the city. Xingyang is the core of the Heyin region and is where Taohuayu, a geographical indication for the lower reaches of the Yellow River, is located. Here are all over the peach and plum, known as "Flower County", Li Bai and Du Fu have also come. The east flow of the Bian Canal, thanks to the Yellow River, but also thanks to the Fan-shaped water system of the Huai River, many tributaries of the Huai River flow from the west and northeast directions, providing many water sources for the canal along the way, and also making the Yellow River water no longer fight alone, there is a relay race and almost unlimited help from the canal to the water, pushing the sail all the way to the southeast.

In the internal and external water systems of the Huai River and the numerous tributaries of the Huai River, in addition to the main source of the Huai River, the largest water flow at that time was the Gubei River and the Ancient Surabaya, which met in today's Xuzhou. The Yellow River and the Huai River have been peaceful for a long time, naturally forming a three-river estuary, and also forming an uncontrollable canal flow, nourishing many ancient cities in Henan Huaizhong. Therefore, Heyin is an important historical geographical coordinate, the starting point of the Bian Canal, and the head of the Yellow River water flowing into the Bian Canal.

The decay of the Sui-Tang Canal Tongji Canal is generally said to be that in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Du Chong, who stayed in Tokyo in tokyo in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty, in order to block the southern invasion of the Jin army, dug a from Li Gudu in Huaxian County, and opened the scene of the Yellow River taking Huai, and there was also the evidence that Emperor Gaozong of Song ordered the river to be broken to block the north-south exchange in order to be partial, which undoubtedly caused a destructive inertia. But this destruction and shock is not a one-time occurrence, there is a gradual process of accumulation and difficult to return. In the fifth year of Emperor Mingchang of Jin Zhangzong, the Yellow River broke through the Yuanyang Pass north of Zhengzhou, and also cut off the Bian Canal. In the Yuan Dynasty, while striving to dig the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, efforts were also made to divert and adjust the Tongji Canal, which was the opening of the Jialu River. The Jialu River originates from Funiu Mountain and Dazhou Mountain, flows southeast through Xingyang, around Zhengzhou north through Zhongmu, Kaifeng, Zhuxian Town, through Weishi, Fugou to Shangshui into Yingshui, in a section of Zhengzhou called Jinshui, south of Kaifeng called Huimin River, folk also called The Grain River, that is, Cai River.

Jia Lu was a native of Gaoping, Shanxi, and was a famous river defense official in the Yuan Dynasty. He has a number of successful achievements in harnessing the Yellow River, so that part of the Yellow River returns to its old way, and the Huai River flows south to the Huai River. In his honor, the place where he lived was named Jalu Village. "Jialu River" is known as the Small Yellow River, the water flow is abundant, becoming a stand-in for the flow direction of the Tongji Canal and the right body for a long time, although the Yellow River broke again during the Ming Dynasty Hongzhi, resulting in the siltation of the Jialu River, but after treatment, the Tongji Canal ushered in the second spring after the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhuxian Town dock daily berthing boats 200, such a scene continued until the middle of the Qing Dynasty, into the Daoguang years, the Jialu River was once again silted up, the Qing government with internal and external troubles has been unable to cope, the Jialu River together with the Sui, Tang and Northern Song Dynasties since the Tongji Canal, has become a tangible cultural heritage in the form of the canal.

Zhuxian Town was one of the "Four Towns" of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, and was on a par with Foshan Town in Guangdong, Jingde Town in Jiangxi Province, and Hankou Town in Hubei Province, and was only more than 20 kilometers away from Fengcheng District. The ancient grain river there witnessed the prosperity of that year, with a population of 300,000 at its peak, which is completely the framework of the ancient big city. After the Yuan Dynasty, it once again became the transit point of the Jialu River connecting the old "Tongji Canal" and entered a golden period of development. In the Qing Dynasty, there were many docks and merchant ships and department stores, and flourished, and the woodblock prints there also brought style to Chinese folk art. After the opening of the Beijing-Hankou Railway, the commercial status of Zhuxian Town has weakened, but its future prospects are still bright. Kaifeng City attaches great importance to the development of Zhuxian Town, especially in the development of tourism in Zhuxian Town.

I went to Zhuxian Town after the Chrysanthemum Festival in Kaifeng. Although the current population and market density of Zhuxian Town are not as high as in the past, the vitality has been significantly restored since the reform and opening up, and the annual sales of woodblock prints alone are nearly 30 million yuan. Zhuxian Town's woodblock prints have a strong local atmosphere and unique aesthetic value, attracting many Chinese and foreign tourists. They will invest 10 billion yuan in 10 years to build a national cultural and ecological tourism zone on both sides of the Yunliang River, with a view to recreating the grand scenery of the canal's "suitable navigation and suitable travel".

Zhuxian Town has huge historical and cultural resources and is a rich mine for tourism. Not to mention the woodblock prints and the mother of Yu opera, "Xiang Fu Tone", as well as the "Victory Drum", kaifeng Ancient City and "Red Stone Bridge" with a history of thousands of years, it is enough for people to ponder for a while, as for the tomb of Zhu Hai, the tomb of Han Shizhong and the tomb of Meng Chang of the Later Shu Lord, the tomb of the Han Dynasty, as well as one of the three major Yue Fei temples in the country, There are also many historical stories, and the "Grain Inspection Building", "Xinyi Bridge" and "Lower Eight Elements Street" in the town, the Jin Chamber of Commerce, and more than 100 temple buildings are the remnants of historical canal culture. For the future of Tongji Canal and Jialu River, there is actually no need to worry too much. Just as the so-called "there is no best only better", the connection of regional economies is a law, which will evolve everything. Taishi Company Ma Qian has a similar historical prediction. Before the Opening of the Sui-Tang Canal, he commented in the Book of The History of the River Canal that "Xingyang leads the southeast of the river to a chasm, with the Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei, and Ji, Ru, Huai, and Sihui." At that time, he had seen an inevitable geographical trend, and his vision was still very sharp.

Looking back at the modern Kaifeng City in Zhuxian Town, we can see the same scene of economic and cultural rejuvenation. This is the birthplace of gunpowder and printing among the four great inventions of China. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Tokyo City had a triple castle or a four-fold city inside and outside, there were once 4 rivers or 6 rivers, including the flow potential and manifold also presented as a flat rainbow-shaped Cai River, which is likely to be the arc of the diversion ship "Yue River", "Qingming Upper River Map" shows its panorama and details, but I don't know whether the "Qingming Upper River Map" depicts the scene on the Cai River, or other canal sections near the inner city. I have always been a little confused about the name of "Shanghe", the reappearance of the picture of the Upper River during the Qing Dynasty, is the canal on a boat, or a specific honorific title for the Kaifeng Canal under the emperor of the Song Dynasty, for example, since the Sui Dynasty, this canal has been called the Royal River, and the Song Dynasty has to take this canal when he goes out on tour. If this is the case, "on the river" has a more specific meaning.

In Kaifeng, I saw the Qingming Upper River Garden, visited the unparalleled chrysanthemum exhibition in the country, and also wanted to see some other real scenes outside the Qingming Upper River. Skip the lunch break at noon one day and go to chenliu town, about 20 kilometers from the city center, to see if there are more ruins downstream of the canal. Chenliu Town belongs to the Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City, and is also a place name that has appeared many times in history. Chen Liu's town did not change much, walked into the center of the town, did not find anything, had to stop and ask an old resident on the street, "Is there a canal here", perhaps because of the accent, he shook his head. I changed my mouth to the old river, he understood, said "you have gone too far", there is a bridge on the road, there is a brick wall next to the bridge, and in the wall is the old river ditch. Looking back, sure enough, there is a wide channel under the bridge, turning east and west to south, but there is no flow speed, and when the heavy rain comes, it will be a flood ditch, but the green forest extends inward, and there is a gatehouse of the canal town on the fork. It seems that there is a big movement in the canal east of Kaifeng.

Chenliu Town is the first major place to go southeast of the Tongji Canal, although Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Pen Talk" does not have a record of the ChenLiu Canal, but it is said that at the beginning of The Xining Dynasty, the canal river under the Jingdong Water Gate to Yongqiu (Qixian County) and Xiangyi (Sui County) is one foot deep, that is, 4 meters deep. Unfortunately, the old city of ChenLiu has experienced too many vicissitudes, and most of the city walls and county halls and even various temples have been destroyed, and the appearance of the former city and pool cannot be seen, let alone the scenery of the county rule. I also thought about standing on the bridge of the canal, there are endless monuments in Kaifeng City, there are also new cultural tourism belts outside the city, if you want to stay for a few more days, in addition to the old pier and printmaking art of Zhuxian Town, there is more room for development of the surrounding tourism resources, especially the famous Sui Causeway and Sui Causeway Willow since ancient times, which will be displayed.

From Heyin to Heyang, from a number of Zhengzhou Bridges can be crossed in the past, especially the old Zhengzhou Bridge industrial cultural sites that people vaguely see on the train, its north bridge head is the first-class tributary of the Yellow River Qin River inlet, which is the origin of the connection between the Yellow River and the Northern Canal. Opening a canal from the north bank of the Yellow River to the north is subject to the overall constraints of the terrain of high in the northwest and low in the southeast, but the wisdom of the ancestors can overcome such geographical bottlenecks. In the fourth year of the Sui Dynasty, the Yongji Canal in the north direction was excavated, but just as the Tongji Canal was dug to make use of the chasm opened by King Hui of Liang, the white ditch dug by Cao Cao of Han Wei was also used here. A chasm and a white ditch became the basis for the entire operation of the Sui and Tang Grand Canals. Baigou was successful by using the tributaries of the Yellow River and the old road of the Yellow River. The earliest canal mouth was in the lower reaches of the Qin River. The Qin River originates in the Dang area of the Taihang Mountains, joins the Yellow River near the Old Yellow River Bridge, and part of the water flows east into the "Changming Ditch", that is, the Xiaodan River, or the Qin River flows east from Wuzhi and flows another 60 miles through Weihui into the Wei River. This is the direction of the earliest "white ditch". Go to Jiaozuo Wuzhi and Xiuwu, you can see the ruins of Dongguan Wharf and the "Suxu Old Road" at the mouth of Weihui Xiaohe. The northbound canals are all connected by coke, forming a shipping center on the north bank of the Yellow River. The Heyang Belt, along the Yellow 200-mile zone, is another core area of economy and culture in the Sui and Tang dynasties. Heyin has Heyin Cang, Heyang has Liu Cang, further north of Junxian LiyangDu and LiYang Cang, and Guantao has Xu Wancang.

The mountains and rivers of Heyang are also very beautiful, and Li Bai has a poem, "Heyang Huazuo County, Qiupu Jade is a man." The land is good after name, and the wind follows the spring." Du Fu has a poem, "Although there are countless in Heyang County, the Maojin River is not full of gardens." Li Shangyin also has a poem, "Heyang has seen flowers, and he has not asked Pan An." Heyang is also called Hanoi region, also refers to the north bank of the Yellow River opposite Mengjin, where there is Han Yu's hometown, which is also the place where Jiang Yan's "Farewell" chants "Junju Zi Right, Concubine Heyang".

Many years ago, I went to Jiaozuo, wuzhi's mighty gong and drum twice, Wen County's Chen Jiagou Chen Taiji more to observe, although the canal did not pay special attention, but how the "White Ditch" evolved into the Wei Canal, Sui Tang Yongji Canal and what kind of structure is also generally understood. Although the canals north of Heyang and Heyang have no obvious relationship with the Yellow River in the main stream, the tributaries and old roads of the Yellow River are the foundation for its opening or excavation. The white ditch dug by Cao Cao is the most typical. The absolute length of Baigou is not long, but there are two ideas that influenced future generations, one is to "curb the flow of the Qi River into Baigou to feed the grain road", and the other is to go north along the Yellow River Old Road, forming the basic structure of the Northern Canal step by step.

Cao Cao opened 1 canal in Heyin, that is, suiyang canal. There are 5 canals opened in Heyang: the Baigou Canal that starts from Suxudu, the Licao Canal that leads the Zhanghe River straight down to Yecheng, the Pingyu Canal near Cangzhou Qingxian County, the Quanzhou Canal in the Wuqing River section of the current North Canal, and the Xinhe River near Baodi in Tianjin. "White Ditch" got its name because this waterway passes through the chalky strip, and the channel is white. In the 1999 edition of "Cihai", "Baigou starts from the west of Xun County, the source is close to the east bank of Qishui, and flows northeast to join the Guqing River below Neihuang", "From Fangyan to the Qing River south of Wei County in Hebei Province, it is called Baigou". This annotation comes from the Book of Han and Geography of the Book of Han, "The Qishui Flows, East to Liyang into the River". Qishui is a secondary tributary of the Yellow River. However, curbing the Qishui to its northeast flow is the second half of Cao Cao's canal chess, and the first half is the construction of the "Fang weir" at the "Suxudu" northwest of the Qihe River.

Interestingly, although "Baigou" is famous among the people, there are many differences in the details. A small section of Xinxiang or caused by geological landforms is its childhood, just like the children of the countryside, without mr. name, called "Baigou". However, Baigou in the north of Baiyangdian and Baigou Town, which is still thriving, are obviously not on a main line of the Baigou Canal, so why did they give themselves the name of "Baigou"? But carefully investigated, this Baigou north neighbor Juma River, from ancient times to the present is also one of the nine rivers of the Haihe River system, in the Liao song dynasty is the Chu River Han boundary of a boundary river, Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures after the return of Liao, here has been a large field, even in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, there are also small freighters shuttling between Tianjin and Baigou, it joined the Baigou family that is, the Wei Canal family, there are good reasons. However, the landform there was not white, and the locals had to explain that the river bend at that time was full of white lotus flowers, and when the flowers bloomed, they were silver and white, and it was not called Baigou and what was the name.

However, the elegant names of wei canal and zhangwei canal come from traditional literati, which is probably inspired from the "Book of Poetry", and the Qi water flows through hebi and Qibin, the land of Weigong good cranes. There are more than 50 poems in the Book of Poetry that deal with the Qi River. "The flood is on the right, the fountain is on the left. The smile of qiao, the beauty of peiyu", and the "Zhan Pi Qi'ao, green bamboo yi" of "Qi'ao", there are also infinite styles in it.

But no matter how to call it, this area is in the ancient Wei Land, which is also called Wei Yun. The Wei Canal has reached Tianjin and has a length of more than 400 kilometers. After flowing to Guantao, the Zhanghe River joins, which is also known as the Zhangwei Canal. The Zhanghe River also originates in the Taihang Mountains, and is divided into the Qingzhang River and the Zhanghe River, which meets in Hebei County. The Zhanghe River is called Hengzhang in ancient times, heng is horizontal, is a wandering river, often breaking the embankment, the downstream channel flowing through is also the ancient channel of the Yellow River. Weihe River water. Some of them join the Wei Canal in Guantao, and some of them enter the Canal in Texas through the Sinu Temple, and the construction of the Water Conservancy Project Hub of the Sinu Temple is also to alleviate its harm.

Due to the phased changes in the climate, the agricultural water under the flood irrigation has caused the over-exploitation of groundwater, and also caused the super large funnel of the North China Plain, and the shipping function envisaged by the water conservancy project hub of the Sinu Temple lacks a place to play, and the vitality of the canal has also been greatly reduced. However, in recent years, while maintaining water and soil in the Yellow River Basin, the northern canal cities, which are closely related to the Yellow River, have also begun a variety of efforts to "sail when it is appropriate to sail, and it is advisable to swim when it is suitable for travel", and the Wei Canal, which has come all the way from Heyang, is also facing a new round of opportunities.

Source: Economic Daily