In the Qing Dynasty, there were only two annex buildings left in the old mansion of the Jinshi Gaosanwei family
An ancient stele that was masonry on the wall
The ancient gate of the villagers' house
There is a high-rise village in Anliang Town, Wuxian County, where more than 80% of the people with the surname Gao, but the high-surnamed people in this village say that they are the descendants of the Jinguo imperial family. After more than 600 years of breeding and migration, this descendant of the High surname Guanyan has now spread to many villages in Wuxian County, with more than 9,000 people.
"Although my surname is Gao, I am a descendant of the Jin Dynasty's imperial family, and as long as everyone who enters our Gao family tree knows it." Nowadays, Mr. Gao, a native of Wuxian Who works in the city, often introduces the history of his family to his friends, and he also takes his WeChat name as "The Descendants of The Complete Face".
If this statement is true, then why did the remnants of the Jurchen people, who originated between the White Mountains and the Black Water, migrate to WuXian County? What kind of story does this mysterious ancient village hide? Recently, with many doubts, I walked into the high-rise village to find out.
The lonely ancient village hides the descendants of Wanyan
About two kilometers west of Anliang Town, we came to Gaolou Village. The Qianshi Highway passes through the village, and the vast canal in Wuxian County flows through the east of the village, and a redstone bridge at the mouth of the village is built on the broad canal, known as the Dongfeng Bridge.
The bridge was built in the 1970s, and the slogans carved on the bridge such as "Yugong Moving Mountain" and "Self-Reliance" show the characteristics of the times, and its architectural carving technology is exquisite, and it has become a municipal cultural relics protection unit.
The two-story small buildings on both sides of the street, the newly built small amusement park on the street corner, and the small square in front of the courtyard of the village committee, at first enter the village, it seems that the appearance of the ancient village cannot be seen. After walking into the depths of the village, walking in the wide and narrow laneways, those mottled old gatehouses, ancient reel wells, and dilapidated deep courtyards and ancient houses revealed the imprints left by the long years.
Gao Liqi, deputy secretary of the party branch of Gaolou Village, Gao Xiaolian, a retired teacher who walked out of the tall building, and Gao Jinzhi, a retired employee of the tobacco system in Wuxian County, are all elderly people in their seventies, and they tell the stories handed down by their ancestors as they walk through the streets and alleys of the village.
"Gaolou is the largest administrative village in Anliang Town, including four natural villages of Gaolou, Xingaolou, Houwangzhuang and Sunyao, with more than 900 households and more than 3,000 people in the village, and more than 80% of the villagers have the surname Gao. Gao Liqi said so.
At the head of the Dongfeng Bridge stands a huge stone, the word "tall building" is written on the front, and the back is engraved with such a text: "In ancient times, it was called Ma Lou, and at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the descendants of the Jurchen Jinguo completed Yan Jian and Completed Yan Deren, and the ancestors of the Gao clan in Gao County led the clan to migrate here to escape the war, and buried their surnames in anonymity, referring to the high mountain as the surname changed from the Yan to the Gao clan, and changed the Ma Lou to the tall building." ”
Gao Xinya, a villager in charge of cultural work in the village, pointed to this text and said: "This is the monument erected by our village two years ago, and I have specially found someone to carve the history of our village. As a descendant of the complete face, we must not forget our own history. ”
With the change of the times, the descendants of the Gao clan and the Han people gradually merged, and their appearance and customs have been completely Sinicized, but the customs of not eating horse meat and not opening oil mills are still left behind. "The Golden Kingdom is immediately in the world, so generations of worship horses." The ancient method of rolling oil is where to hit high, and not opening the oil mill is not to play the meaning of 'high'. Gao Liqi explained.
Why did the Jurchen remnants go into exile in YuXian County?
In the ancestral hall donated by the descendants of Gao's complete Yan, there is a stone stele preserved, which is the earliest stele about the family found by the people of Gaolou Village. Due to its age, the handwriting on the stele is somewhat vague, but it is still possible to recognize the names of the ancestors of the first to sixth generations of gaolou in Wuxian County recorded on the stele, and the upper part of the inscription has the words "Gao's ancestor Yuanfeng Marquis Zhen Deren".
Gao Xiaolian, who has been devoting himself to studying the history of the Gao family in recent years and continuing to repair the "Gao Family Tree" in Gao County, said that at present, the family tree and related inscriptions handed down from the family can be understood that the ancestor of the Gao clan in Gao County is Guanyan Jian (later renamed Gao Wanzhao), who was given the title of Marquis of Wanhu in the Yuan Dynasty, and his eldest son, named Deren, was given the title of Marquis of Zhongyong. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Yuan army was defeated, and the Yan clan scattered and fled, and the complete Yan Jian and his whole family came from Zaoyang County, Hubei Province, to live in seclusion in the Dougutai Mountain in Yu County, referring to the mountain as a surname and changing the surname to Gao.
In order to prevent being cut down and rooted, Yan Jian's three sons were subsequently scattered in three places: the eldest son Deren remained in Yu County, and the second son Debei moved to Nanzhao with two grandmothers (white-headed grandmother and black-headed grandmother); Yan Jian took his third son Dechang back to his hometown in Liaoning, but it is still unknown whether he will return to Liaoning or settle elsewhere.
The preface to the Gao Family Tree, which has been revised at the end of the Qing Dynasty, reads: "My Ancestor of the Gao Clan was a Native of Huguang Zaoyang, and Wan Zhaogong had three sons: Chang yue Deren, Buju County; The second day is debei, migrating to the south; The third day was Dechang, who followed his father to live in Liaodong. Nanzhao one, Ju Empress Yu, Liaodong is far away, and the descendants are unknown. ”
In the 1989 edition of the "Gazetteer of Gao county", there is also such a record about Gaolou Village: "Gaolou Village was originally named Malou, according to legend, during the Shun Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, Gao Wanzhao came to Gao County with his son Gao Deren and others to Gao county, lived in seclusion in Gaoyao, and during the Ming Hongwu years, moved to Malou, and after removing the eight sons of Maloudi, the village was renamed Gaolou. ”
Gaoyuan, not far from the tall building, is located in the eastern foothills of the Drum Terrace Mountain in Yu county. According to legend, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Gao surname came here to live in seclusion, "because of the name of the original residence in tuyuan".
Who is Gao Wanzhao, and what does it have to do with the Jin Guo Guanyan Clan?
Gao Xiaolian said that the founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty was Guanyan Akuta, and only the imperial family had the surname Ofan. Why is it said that Gao Wanzhao is the ancestor of gao surname, Yan Jian? This is because there is also a descendant of gao in the empress township of Nanzhao County, and the local paper fanggou people with the surname of Gao have preserved a tombstone of the Ming Dynasty, and the inscription is consistent with the content contained in the "Gao Family Tree" of Yu County, which can corroborate each other.
On this stele preserved in Nanzhao County, it is recorded: "My ancestor Zhen Jian, who lived in Yizhou Wei in Liaoyang (present-day Yi County, Liaoning), was awarded the title of Marquis of Ten Thousand Households in the Yuan Dynasty. Up to the time my grandfather was appointed, there was my grandmother of the Yan clan known as Grandma Baitou and Grandma Blackhead, and my great-grandfathers Deren, Deyuan (the Genealogy of the Gao Family in Gao County is called Debei), and Dechang, and the burial grandmother was then, the place name Paperfanggou ..."
Not only does the inscription appear "There is my complete Yan family", but ren Chongyue, a researcher at the Henan Academy of Social Sciences, once analyzed in the article "The Jurchen Remnants of Nanzhao and WuXian In Henan Province" that the white-headed grandmother and the black-headed grandmother in the inscription should be the wife of Yan Jian, and the white-headed grandmother should be in front, and the black-headed grandmother should be a concubine, and the black-headed grandmother should be in the back. White and black are not like the surnames of the two first grandmothers, but rather allude to Changbai Mountain and Heilongjiang, because the Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty lived between the White Mountains and Black Water.
Although Guanyan changed his surname to Gao, he still left traces of his ancestors. There is still such a custom in Nanzhao: at the end of the year, the eight porridges are salty, and the ancestors are honored with a large bowl of rice, which means to take a bowl of salt - the end of the yan harmonic sound; Every year Chinese New Year's Eve afternoon, the younger generations go to the old cemetery to carry grandma home for the New Year, commonly known as carrying grandma.
Ren Chongyue believes that Zhu Yuanzhang rose up in the Jianghuai area, and when he unified the world, he encountered the stubborn resistance of Yuan Dynasty officials such as Yan Deren, and after the failure of resistance, he took refuge in the north. This is the reason why this Jurchen remnant has fled to Henan County.
There have been 166 meritorious people
After gao's descendants took root in the high-rise building, they multiplied and lived for more than 600 years, and gradually flourished. Some migrated to other places, forming multiple tribes. Gao Xiaolian said that according to the statistics of this revision of the genealogy, there are currently nearly 1,000 households in the total number of clan households in the genealogy, and the total population has reached nearly 10,000 people, covering ten townships in Wuxian County and many counties (cities) across the country.
As one of the first batch of traditional villages in Henan Province selected in 2013, Gaolou Village still retains many ancient buildings, ancient wells, ancient trees, etc., showing its profound historical and cultural accumulation. Wandering through the village alleys where ancient and modern times intersect, the sign of "Traditional Village Restoration Area" comes into view from time to time.
One of the old mansions that needs to be repaired urgently is the "Jinshidi". This was originally the former residence of Jinshi Gaosanwei during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, and it was a three-entry courtyard.
"This courtyard has a tall gatehouse, nine redstone steps at the gate, a stone lion on the left and right, a horse stone on the west wall of the doorway, a street archway on the east side of the gate, carved window ledges, cornices, dragons, phoenixes, birds and beasts carved on the pillars, and the three big characters 'Jinshidi' engraved on the forehead of the door..." The "Jinshidi" in Gao Liqi's memory is magnificent.
The descendants of the Gao clan have been full of talents, and there have been talents who have served the country in all generations. Gao Xiaolian said that according to the statistics from the "Gao Family Tree" of Wu County, in the Ming and Qing dynasties alone, the Gao family produced 2 jinshi and 4 juren, and there were more supervisors, gongsheng, and Kusheng in guozijian, fu, prefecture, and county schools, a total of 160. Among them, the most circulated stories are the Jinshi Gaosanwei during the Qianlong period.
Gao Sanwei lost his father in his early years, studied hard as a teenager, and because his family was poor, he did not make up enough money until he was 40 years old, and he entered Beijing to pass the jinshi examination, and served as the chief of the official department, the foreign lang of the staff, the prefect of Hangzhou, and other positions, and was an official Qingzheng. After returning to his hometown, he helped the poor and was deeply admired by the Gao clan.
It is said that after Gao Sanwei returned to his hometown, one year, there was a great drought and famine in Wuxian County, and in order to relieve the tribesmen, he slowed down the construction of the house project, organized all the family members to work at the construction site, worked and managed food, and helped the tribesmen survive the famine.
Unfortunately, with the change of time, the glory of the "Jinshidi" has ceased to exist: the hall building, the archway, the front yard, the frontage building, the over-the-house building and the west courtyard are gone, and now only the east and west annex buildings in the backyard are left, which was originally the place where the servants lived.
The owner of the courtyard moved to Zhengzhou, looking in through a section of newly built hollow courtyard wall, although the remaining east and west annex buildings are dilapidated, but the strong gray brick walls and exquisite wooden window ledges can still imagine the glory of that year.
Suddenly, Gao Xiaolian exclaimed, "Why did this half-cut Enrong Monument run here?" It turned out that a broken half-cut stone stele was erected on the wall of the newly repaired courtyard, and the word "Grace" could only be seen at the bottom of the heart. He said that this was an old object left over from Gao Sanwei's former residence and had to be well preserved.
Not far from the original "Jinshidi" archway, there is still an ancient well. The rudder on the well platform has long been discontinued, and several plastic pipes for drawing water have been placed at the wellhead.
"This was originally the back garden of Gao Sanwei's family, which was a well used to water the flowers. The well is 25 meters deep, the water is very sweet, it has never dried, and until now we still eat the water in this well. Gao Maiwang, a villager who lives next to the ancient well, said.
Gao Liqi said that there are a total of 9 ancient wells like this in the village, most of which are left over from the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Source: Pingdingshan Evening News