Tang Xuanzong Li Chen, whose original name was Li Yi, has always been considered to be a relatively good emperor of the late Tang Dynasty, and perhaps the last one. After that, Emperor Yizong, Emperor Zhaozong, most of the time washed their faces with tears, silently lamenting that the Tang Dynasty Building would fall and the curtain was about to end.
Folklore has it that Tang Xuanzong was a teenager who once lived in the rivers and lakes and hid in a temple for a period of time, so he had a good feeling for the Shimen Buddhist family, and it felt that it was purely fictional. Although Li Yi, the king of light in his youth, was not much looked up to among Li Jia'erlang, he did not - or was unlikely to be exiled to the people.
The image of Tang Xuanzong in film and television dramas
Li Yi grew up during the reign of Emperor Muzong and Emperor Wenzong, and he was the son of Tang Xianzong, a powerful eunuch. The Shinji Army was able to control the Kyoshi, although nominally the Jingo Guards were in charge of the living quarters of the outer city. When the crown prince grew up a little, he was going to be placed in the sixteen king's residences of that year (although it was an outer city, but just outside the south gate of the Daming Palace), in principle, he had always been under the eyes of the Divine Strategy Army, and Li Yi, the king of light, could not easily get out of control, and even going to the residential areas of ordinary people was probably unrealistic, how could it be possible to wander the place?
Regarding the tang Xuanzong wandering folk hermit temple, it was originally a variety of people, some said that it was the Xiangyan Temple in Henan, and some said that it was baosheng Temple in Jing County, Anhui. This legend does originate from the Tang Dynasty, and the earliest is from Wei Zhaodu's Records of the Treasure of the Emperor (a total of ten volumes). He lived during the reign of Emperor Yizong and Emperor Xuanzong after Emperor Xuanzong, and later became chancellor.
It is said that Wei Zhaodu was a generation later than Xuanzong, and felt very close to the truth, claiming that Emperor Wuzong Li Yan had repeatedly harmed Li Yi, and had to hide in a dung truck and escape from Chang'an, where he wandered for three years. After that, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there are more renderings of Xuanzong's landfall, such as Sun Guangxian's "Northern Dream Trivia" from the late Tang Dynasty to the Jingchu, which is a very famous historical record, and also writes that Li Yi spent his early years wandering in the famous mountains of Jiangnan and visiting the monks. Similarly, there is the "Story of the Middle Dynasty" written by the Southern Tang Dynasty official Wei Chi Wei, which said that the King of Guang fled with the help of some well-meaning eunuchs and transported out of Chang'an by palace car. Later, some Buddhist historical materials in the Song Dynasty are more prominent, such as the "Five Lantern Society Yuan".
In fact, this kind of story circulation is mainly to elevate Xuanzong's ascension to the throne with a certain legendary color, especially to deny the destruction of the Buddha by Emperor Wuzong and strengthen the relationship between Xuanzong and the Buddha. During the Huichang period, most of the Buddhist temples suffered (even with the Manichae Temple of Middle-earth Ming Sect and some Zoroastrian temples), there were not many Buddhist temples that were specially protected throughout the world (very few had royal origins, such as the great temple that received the emperor's royal letter to survive the disaster, the famous example is the Chengdu Great Shengci Temple, Xuanzong hid from Anshi to live in the temple in Chengdu and also ordered the expansion, personally wrote the name of the temple, it was not destroyed during the Huichang years), where can Li Yi, the king of light, go to live in the Buddhist gate, and even become a monk? In other words, it is probably more reliable to say that he went to visit the Taoist palace.
In history, Emperor Wu of northern Zhou, Emperor Wuzong of Tang, and chai rong of later Zhou Shizong destroyed temples on three large scales, with the same purpose, that is, to release manpower and increase income by incorporating them into household registration. In addition, Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou and Emperor Shizong of Zhou also expanded their armies in order to have soldiers.
The image of Tang Wuzong in film and television dramas
Even if the Light King was a folk, even if there were remnant temples in the place, the wind was so loud at that time that I was afraid that I would not dare to take him in when I saw him. Li Yi, the King of Light, was a young and strong man who was easily checked out. The author previously discussed the civil situation in the early Tang Dynasty Zhenguan period and also emphasized that during the relatively clear and peaceful period of the Tang Dynasty, ordinary people even if they crossed the state capital to go through the formalities and needed various filings. The so-called literati who traveled the world in the early Tang Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty generally borrowed official affairs, or they were degraded, so they would express their feelings in the poems, otherwise, where would ordinary people have the opportunity to roam the great rivers and mountains?
After Anshi, the number of displaced people in various parts of the Central Plains increased, although it was true that the mobility of the people increased, but in other words, the element of risk-taking also increased. However, from Emperor Dezong, Emperor Xianzong to Emperor Wuzong, there were efforts to restore the livelihood of the people for generations, and with the imperial court solving the problem of the town, it was natural to establish a relatively strict and standardized system of local management. Guanzhong and Henan have always been the heartlands of the Tang Dynasty, and even more importantly, where can our Guangwang Li Yi go? Therefore, although this legend began to circulate shortly after the death of Tang Xuanzong, according to the objective situation at that time (mainly the background of the previous Tang Wuzong period), the credibility was not high.
The reason why Li Yi, the King of Guang, was able to ascend the throne as Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was entirely dependent on the support of the eunuch leader Ma Yuanzhen, leaving Emperor Wuzong's five sons to sit on the dragon chair. Li Yi was four or five years older than Emperor Wuzong Li Yan, and he was already thirty-six or seven years old at the time, which was the time when he was rich and powerful. And the Tang Dynasty he took over, after a vigorous rectification by Li Deyu and Wuzong, whether it was in the area of chronic diseases in the town or the people's livelihood, all had a new atmosphere, so Tang Xuanzong simply picked up a big bargain, just as the so-called predecessors planted trees, and the posterity was cool.
Originally, Ma Yuanzhen's support for the ascension of king Guang to the throne was approved by the prime minister Li Deyu, and everyone knew that Li Deyu was the soul figure of the Huichang period. King Guang has been a famous clan fool in the court of the Jingshi for decades, claiming to be a middle-aged monster who can't even speak badly. Then, Li Deyu was able to support such an elderly emperor, in addition to representing the compromise of the six officials of the six departments of the prime minister to the official eunuchs and the divine army, the main reason was that the foreign dynasty could still be in charge of him, which made sense. However, the result was a big surprise, and Xuanzong quickly transformed himself, and proved with strong facts that he was not the "silly white sweet" image that everyone said. The Old Book of Tang says: On the day of the supervision of the country, the mourning was full of faces, receiving the crowd, and deciding on the affairs of the people, and everyone saw his hidden virtues. The Zizhi Tongjian records: "Since taking the throne, the party that governed the Xianzong, eunuchs, foreign relatives, and even officials and subordinates of the Eastern Palace had been cursed by many people. ”
For the atmosphere created by Li Deyu during the Wuzong period, Tang Xuanzong deliberately changed. He tried his best to ease the atmosphere between the government and the opposition that was very oppressive at that time, and quickly gained a foothold at the expense of Li Deyu, winning the support of many ministers of culture and military affairs, especially members of the Niu faction. Most of the Niupai ministers had their own appearances and advocated poetry and rhetoric, which in turn played a good preparation for Xuanzong to establish his prestige. During the middle age, the so-called "Little Taizong" image was created for Xuanzong in later generations, and it felt that there was a deliberate conspiracy of the monarchs and courtiers. However, Li Deyu, who had only been practicing his talents for five years, had become a helpless sacrifice.
Tang Xuanzong's move to overthrow the situation in Huichang was very fast. Less than a month after sitting on the dragon chair, Before Emperor Wuzong Li Yan was officially buried, he changed Li Deyu to Jingnan Jiedushi to tongping Zhangshi and transferred away from Chang'an, and everyone was shocked. Of course, Zhao Guizhen, the Daoist priest favored by Emperor Wuzong, was killed in the name of responsibility, and Xuanyuanji exiled to Lingnan, and the disposal of Fang Shi could have been considered targeted, but it was said that Xuanzong really hated Fang Shi in awe, but this was not the case. Ten years later, in his later years, he summoned Xuanyuanji back to the court to inquire about the art of immortality, so the measures at the beginning of the ascension to the throne were entirely around consolidating his position, not really making a new atmosphere completely different from that of Emperor Wuzong.
When Emperor Wuzong was buried, Li Deyu was transferred to The Eastern Capital to stay behind, and Tongping Zhangshi was dismissed. In the winter of the following year, the wuxiang case of Emperor Wuzong was retried, and Li Deyu degraded Sima chaozhou. In the autumn of the second year of the middle school (848), he was demoted to the position of Yazhou Sihu, and in the following winter, Li Deyu died in the degraded office. What kind of grudge did Tang Xuanzong Li Chen have with Li Deyu, or would he have to demote Li Deyu to death?
The image of Li Deyu in film and television dramas
Many past studies have generally focused on the framework of the monarchical dispute, which is certainly one of the reasons. For the incomprehensible historical phenomena, posterity often uses various routines, hoping to solve some doubts and problems like using mathematical formulas, in order to facilitate the acceptance and understanding of future generations. However, in fact, any relatively major and complex event, how it will happen is certainly not simple, and it is not our textbook-style rules and regulations that can be publicized according to the script.
After Tang Xuanzong Li Chen succeeded to the throne, of course, he hoped that everything could be done in his own way, and he would no longer be as willing as Li Yan of Wuzong to hand over the overall planning to the prime minister, and the emperor only put forward some ideas and wishes, or choose to judge the various plans that the prime minister and the six ministers came up with. Like Li Deyu, he would even help Wuzong Li Yan judge and carry out some persuasion and explanation.
The contradiction between Tang Xuanzong Li Chen and Li Deyu is probably not simply a matter of the authority of the emperor and the chancellor.
Li Chen does have a strong revenge color, and there are cathartic factors that erupt after complex psychological repression for too long. Later generations basically admitted that Tang Xuanzong was by no means a kind of faint-hearted person who did not distinguish between right and wrong, and even the praise of personal qualities was more than that of Li Yan of Wuzong, so he opposed Li Deyu's behavior until he wanted to put the other party to death, and according to the differences between the general emperor and the prime minister based on the division of power and power, it was really difficult to explain, almost incomprehensible.
Behind this contradiction is clearly a psychological knot that Li Chen cannot untangle, he wants to remove Li Deyu as a stumbling block, everything must be decided by himself, and by punishing Li Deyu to establish his own dragon power, it is strongly proved that the two secret complexes of inferiority and self-improvement in his heart are entangled with each other and inseparable.
First of all, from the beginning of Li Deyu's participation in the affairs of the imperial court, he assisted the emperors of the two nephews of Emperor Wenzong and Emperor Wuzong, and had a prominent prestige in the government and the opposition. Li Chen had no position between the clan and the ministers in the past, and was even ridiculed. Just like the saying goes, wearing the dragon robe is not like the prince, Li Chen, must take Li Deyu, who was high at that time, as the biggest target, must be suppressed strongly, to put it bluntly, Li Deyu was regarded as the target of the new jun.
Secondly, from the perspective of the inheritance tradition of the clan, Li Chen, as the smallest son born in the late Tang Xianzong period, had no access to the throne at all. Not only was he born poorly, but he was also born late. After Emperor Xianzong's concubine Muzong Li Heng ascended the throne, it was said that once the throne was passed to his own son, this was more in line with the rules of etiquette, and after that, the inheritance was naturally far away from other princes of the same generation.
After that, the inheritance of Jingzong, Wenzong, and Wuzong encountered several variables, and actually returned to the track of brotherly transmission, invisibly breeding Li Chen's idea of self-improvement, because he did not obey fate! After Li Chen grew up, he felt much stronger than Li Heng and his son Li Zhan, and always took the example of Taizong Shimin, who was the second son of the second son (and eventually left the nickname of Xiao Taizong was obviously a public opinion deliberately created by Xuanzong).
Li Chen did not simply look at his brother Li Heng and nephew Li Zhan, but in fact, he was full of deep hostility toward Empress Guo and her heirs, endured humiliation and ridicule for more than twenty years, and released his resentment towards everything represented by Li Deyu and Empress Guo.
The image of Ma Yuanzhen in film and television dramas
Li Deyu was not only the son of Li Jifu, the famous minister of The Xianzong, but he was also the focus of factional disputes among the courtiers, and had always been in a whirlpool, especially during the Huichang period, which had offended many people by rectifying the government and the opposition. A large number of people, such as Baek Min-jung (Baek Ju-yi's younger brother), Choi Hyun, Ling Hu-yun, and a large number of others were suppressed by Li Deyu, and after being recalled by Emperor Xuanzong to promote the prime minister, they continued to fabricate charges, and finally demoted Li Deyu to the rank of Yazhou Sihu to join the army. Yazhou is Sanya, Hainan Island, and Li Deyu is going to Hainan Island nearly 300 years earlier than Su Dongpo, which can be imagined how desolate and primitive it will be.
Bai Minzhong was actually the earliest excavator by Li Deyu, and recommended that he be a Hanlin scholar. The Hanlin scholar since Emperor Dezong was a ladder close to the emperor, which showed that Li Deyu was full of appreciation for Bai Minzhong. At that time, the great poet Bai Juyi was famous and prominent, and Emperor Wuzong originally wanted to use it, but Bai Juyi was old and died in the last year of Huichang. Li Deyu believes that Bai Minzhong's talent and insight are no less than Bai Juyi's, which may be coaxing Wuzong to be happy, but it also shows that he has expectations for Bai Minzhong. Although it was not reused quickly, it was not really severely suppressed.
However, Bai Minzhong did have the heart to climb the dragon and attach to the phoenix, and he was very unwilling to be treated coldly during emperor Wuzong's years, and some of the actions after Emperor Xuanzong took the throne made him see the opportunity, so he and Choi Hyun found various reasons to deal with Li Deyu. Because Li Deyu was a famous courtier of great prestige, Xuanzong, as the new monarch, should show a positive and positive image, and could not directly execute Li Deyu for certain crimes (after all, it is impossible to involve any heinous and unforgivable mistakes), so he took the method of "tossing", when Li Deyu was far away from tianya, in addition to leaving documents for Bai Minzhong to feel so depressed about him, only Duan Chengshi (son of Duan Wenchang, author of "Youyang Miscellaneous Tricks") also exchanged letters to comfort Li Deyu.
Bai Minzhong, on the other hand, relied on the revenge of Li Deyuen to promote Zhongshu Shilang and Shangshu of the Punishment Department, followed by Jiajin Ziguanglu Dafu, Shangshu Right Servant, Taiqing Palace Envoy, the founding duke of Taiyuan County, 2,000 households, and as many as thirteen promotions in the first five years of the middle school (in the fifth year of the middle school, he also made military merits such as recruiting the northwest party), ranking first among the four auxiliaries, which can be described as unlimited scenery.
Choi Hyun, on the other hand, has long been jealous of Baek Min and tries to squeeze him out, proposing that he set a trap to deal with complex tribal problems, but Baek Min zhongfu Xing Gao Zhao, the result is unexpected.
At that time, with the rebellion of Zhang Yichao in Hexi against Tubo, their power began to expand, which greatly disturbed the surrounding states and counties. Emperor Xuanzong had a good understanding of Bai Minzhong's favor, and with the courtesy of Pei Du's envoys who had gone out to huaixi, he actually lived up to expectations and resolved it smoothly, and then appointed him as the envoy of Ying Ning Jiedushi, which was almost jealous of Cui Xuan in Bai Minzhong vomiting blood.
Of course, Bai Minzhong could not be compared with Pei Du, and he had no military talent, but he actually curbed the party's further actions by bribing and enveloping. Following the change of Nishikawa Jiedushi in the seventh year of The Great Junior High School (853), it was again necessary to deal with the problems of the southwestern provinces. Bai Minzhong sat in Chengdu for five years, and he also straightened out the localities very smoothly, reorganized the army, consolidated the border passes, developed production, and especially excavated the Jinshui River in Chengdu to improve the living standards of the people.
For example, from an objective point of view, Bai Minzhong is very disdainful of Li Deyu, and he does not have any special talents, but he is not purely by sneaking and shooting horses, let alone a guy who is completely incompetent. In the final stage of the Niu-Li dispute, bai Minzhong, in addition to the interpersonal relationship tendencies towards the Niu faction and the protection of his own interests, the overall personal cultivation was still passable (this is like Lu Qi, who was also a bad person during the Dezong period, was also clean and thrifty). In other words, Bai Minzhong does not exactly belong to the kind of figures like Li Zongmin and Niu Monks and Children who are completely conservative of the korean situation. After all, he was elected by Li Deyu, and it is obvious that he has a desire for a positive and promising side to be attracted. Therefore, in the face of these historical figures with a more complex life trajectory, there are really many aspects of their interior, and they are not simple at all.
If Li Deyu can also be said to be mainly a stumbling block for Xuanzong to do great things, in fact, it is Empress Guo who has more personal grievances, which further reflects Xuanzong's humble inferiority complex. His mother, Zheng Shi, was not only disliked by Empress Guo, but was originally a maid by Guo's side, which was a disgraceful identity mark on Li Chen's soul that could not be erased.
Tang Xuanzong was a famous fan of Bai Juyi, and incidentally reused Bai Juyi's younger brother Bai Minzhong
The reason why Zheng Shi would be Guo's maid was because she used to be the favorite concubine of The Patriarch Li Kun. Li Was attacked in the early days of Emperor Xianzong's reign in a local attempt to make a living. There were two famous concubines in the palace, one was the Zheng clan who gave birth to Emperor Xuanzong Li Chen, and the other was Du Qiuniang, who was written into a long poem by the great poet Du Mu. It was precisely that she came from the concubines of the local clan and gave birth to a son, Li Chen, who was the root of her being looked down upon by the Guo clan and the clan relatives.
After Emperor Xianzong, Mu Jingwen wu was muzong li heng's parent and li chen's brother. Emperor Jingzong Li Zhan was the grandson of Empress Guo. Although Emperor Wenzong and Emperor Wuzong were nephews of Emperor Xuanzong Li Chen, they were actually of similar ages (both Emperor Jingzong Li Zhan and Emperor Wenzong Li Ang were one year older than Li Chen, and Emperor Wuzong Li Yan was only four years younger than him), and Emperor Wenwu was not directly related to Empress Guo, but their mothers were approved by Empress Guo. Emperor Wenzong Li Ang was very filial to Empress Guo and often offered delicious filial piety.
Although Emperor Wuzong was willful and playful, he would also like Empress Boguo, such as asking for advice on how to be a good Tang Dynasty. Guo once taught: "The shangshu of the courtiers should be carefully read, and if they feel that it is feasible, they should be adopted, and if there is any impropriety, they can consult the opinion of the prime minister." Do not refuse to speak bluntly, do not listen to rumors, and take loyal people as confidants. In this way, you can become the Son of Virtue. ”
Due to the rumors circulating at the time of Emperor Xianzong's death, like Emperor Xianzong was killed by eunuchs, in fact, Guo Shi was involved in the potential factors of intention to support Muzong's ascension to the throne. Although it has not been certain all along, if the suspicious case is analyzed, from the perspective of who benefits the most, it is really difficult for Empress Guo to get rid of the suspicion of harming Xianzong.
When Xuanzong sat on the dragon chair, it was difficult for him to vent his blow from the perspective of his hatred for Guo, and after more than twenty years of hidden tolerance, shortly after Li Deyu's resignation, he forced Empress Guo to die and was not allowed to bury Xianzong's mausoleum, officially raising the mystery of Xianzong's death as a grand excuse.
On the first day of June in the second year of the second year of the middle school (848), the empress dowager Guo Shi actually staged an embarrassing jumping show in the palace, and died mysteriously that night, largely by Xuanzong deliberately persecuted.
At that time, the Taichang official Wang Yusong asked guo to be buried in the Jingling Tomb of Emperor Xianzong, and Emperor Xuanzong was very unhappy and ordered Bai Minzhong to rebuke Wang Wei. Wang Wei retorted: "Empress Guo was Tang Xianzong's concubine when she was in the Eastern Palace, and after serving Tang Shunzong as a daughter-in-law and being the mother of the world after five dynasties, there should be no further objections." Bai Minzhong could only step down with anger.
At that time, another chancellor, Zhou Qi, also blamed him (Zhou Qi was also a member of the Niu faction, and after Emperor Wenzong was placed under house arrest, he once lamented to Zhou Qi that he was inferior to Emperor Xian of Han), and Wang Wei never gave in. Zhou Qi said, "Wang Wei is indeed arrogant and upright. Emperor Xuanzong demoted Wang Wei to the rank of Jurong County Commandery, and the one who eventually entered the imperial tomb to accompany Emperor Xianzong was Emperor Xuanzong's mother, Zheng Shi.
Judging from his family background, Li Deyu and Guo were both from famous families, while Tang Xuanzong and his birth mother were from quite humble origins, so he first turned his attention to the relatively inconspicuous Bai Minzhong, Ling Fox, Niu Monk and Child. Then Li Zongmin, Cui Xuan, Yang Sifu, Li Jue, and Cui Jue, who had been suppressed before, were all transferred back, so as to use this grace to win the reputation of famous disciples, so the middle and middle period ended the forty-year-long so-called cattle and Li dispute.
This was the support that Xuanzong had earned from the upper echelons of the imperial court, and with some scholars, Xuanzong was likely to have secretly interacted with some officials belonging to the Hanlin scholar class very early, at least with Bai Minzhong, Xu Shang, Wei Chun, and others, who had a great role in helping to consolidate the throne when Li Chen ascended the throne.
Secondly, Xuanzong vigorously restored the monastery, also in order to appease the monks and gentry. Previously, Tang Wuzong and Li Deyu vigorously rectified the Jiaomen monasteries, deprived of property, forced people to return to the customs, and scattered scriptures. Not only the one-sided Buddhist gate, but also the Ming Sect Mani Temple, the Zoroastrian Zoroastrian Shrine, and the Jingjiao Great Qin Temple were all affected, which was the largest and most severe disaster in the history of the Buddhist Gate, which was known as the "Three Martial Arts and One Sect". At that time, whether the people were rich or poor, most of them also had various beliefs, and there was even no shortage of obsessives. Although the implementation from the imperial court during the Huichang period was relatively strict, it did objectively reduce the burden of many ordinary people to provide for monks and nuns, so that society would not fall into the frenzy of welcoming the bones of the Buddha in previous times.
However, after Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne, he soon restored various sects. Throughout the middle age, although Tang Xuanzong maintained a relatively stable society with strong personal ability, from the perspective of foundation, he still relied on the foundation laid by Li Deyu during the Huichang period.
In March of the first year of the Great Middle Age (847), Emperor Xuanzong issued an edict: "The temple that should be abolished in the fifth year of Huichang, there are monks who can camp and serve, listen to themselves, and there is no prohibition of the division." The Zizhi Tongjian commented on this: "It is the government of the emperor and the minister who opposes Huichang, so the evils of monks and nuns are restored to their old ways." Hu San Province also sighed: "The book of Guan Tong Jian will make the right and wrong of Chang and Dazhong visible!" ”
Don't say that Tongjian and Husan Province are the Song Dynasty's retrospective evaluation of the Tang Dynasty, in fact, this drawback was raised by some people during the Xuanzong period, and Sun Qiao, a scholar of the Imperial Examination in the fifth year of the Middle School, wrote a letter: "The people of men and women weave, do not feed themselves, and the monks sit in a house of flowers, beautiful clothes and fine food, and the rate of ten households cannot raise a monk." Emperor Wuzong was indignant and sent 170,000 monks, which was the first time that 1.7 million households in the world were sushiya. Since His Majesty took the throne, the abandoned temple has been restored, and the sound of axes and pounds in the world has not stopped, and the monks have repeatedly restored their old works. Even if His Majesty can't eliminate the accumulated shortcomings like Emperor Wuzong, why should he be happy to be abolished! His Majesty the Japanese wanted to repair the east gate of the country, and the counselor said that he would strike at the end of the military. Is the temple that is now restored as urgent as the East Gate? Is the merit of the service hard of the Right East Gate? May the edict be sent down as soon as possible, and those who have not yet been restored by monks and monks, and those who have not been cultivated in monasteries, and a few hundred people may still be able to rest on their shoulders. ”
Zhongshu Menxia also played a report: "Your Majesty worships the Shi clan, and the group does not run away, for fear that the financial resources will not be caught, and because of this, things will disturb people, and the chief official of the Committee will increase the number of festivals." The monks also choose those who have professions, and if they tolerate fierce people, they are even more disrespectful. Rural Buddhist houses, please strike the day of repair. ”
If we look back at the radical behavior during the Huichang period, it was mainly to maintain the war in the pacifying the town and alleviate economic pressure, which is a special wartime strategy in today's words. Because from Emperor Xianzong to Emperor Wuzong, there were frequent wars, and the economic withering from Tang Dezong to the end of the disaster of Anshi has never been fully restored, the monetary finance is very tight, Tang Dezong even repeatedly ordered the prohibition of cash out of the country, the capital Chang'an was repeatedly war, a large number of merchants brought money to trade elsewhere, making Chang'an's coins even more scarce. In many places, the market trade is based on aya, luo, silk cloth, miscellaneous goods and money.
Tang Xianzong was the most active and promising emperor in the later period, reigning for a total of fifteen years, and twelve years in pacifying various feudal towns, further causing economic tension since zhenyuan. There are a large number of "virtual money" everywhere, and the value is getting bigger and bigger, from one when it is ten to thirty, or even when it is fifty.
Initially, Emperor Suzong of Tang had already generated pawn money during the history of Peace. Since then, the popularity of the people to offset the value of money has further promoted the circulation of "virtual money", which is completely a reflection of the economic difficulties at that time, and it is also a background for Tang Dezong to change the tax law. During the tang xianzong period, in order to restore the market and strengthen the finances, the tax amount was further adjusted in the sixth and fifteenth years of yuan and fifteen years, which is why there were some alternative trading methods in the government and the private sector, so in the late Tang Dynasty, there were also "flying money" withdrawn from different places. After An Shi accumulated the plight of several generations of emperors, to Li Deyu's control of the overall situation during the Tang Wuzong period, it finally prompted the temporary relief of the economic pressure of the imperial court by rectifying and cracking down on the sect once again, which was the fundamental background of Huichang's destruction of Buddhism.
Portrait of Tang Xuanzong
As soon as Emperor Xuanzong of Tang succeeded to the throne, he pushed for the restoration of the monastery, but in fact, as later criticism, the imperial court did not completely reverse the economic predicament. Tang Xuanzong obviously enjoyed the fruits of Li Deyu's rectification for several years, but changed the measures of the Huichang period purely out of dissatisfaction with Li Deyu's personal reputation and way of doing things. However, Tang Xuanzong's claims during his great and middle years did not have much positive effect on the basis of Huichang.
For example, when the revival of the sect's prosperity with great fanfare was also only five years, when he was preparing to fight against the Dang Xiangqiang, Xuanzong felt the double pressure from public opinion and finances, and ordered that the construction of Buddhist temples be restricted. At the end of the following year, Zhongshu Menxia played again: "If the monks are not refined, the precepts will degenerate; if there is no festival in building a temple, the damage will be too much, please place outside the temple from the present-day Zhuzhou Zhuyuan Edict, and the spiritual relics of the victorious places will be repaired, and the county of the prosperous will be allowed to set up a hospital." It is strictly forbidden to privately spend time with monks and nuns. If there is a gap between the official monks and nuns, they will choose someone to make up for it, and still give it to the shrine. Those who wish to travel far and wide to find a teacher must have a state examination. Emperor Xuanzong had to absorb some of the harsh measures of the Huichang period.
Most of the time, Tang Xuanzong wanted to show a relatively gentle way of governance, deliberately avoiding some difficulties and hidden dangers, such as supporting Bai Minzhong to solve the party crisis in an enveloping way, such as the fact that contradictions were already brewing in the people, including some contradictions in other border areas.
In general, Tang Xuanzong was indeed lucky, so that as soon as he ascended the throne, there was the emergence of the Hexi Rebel Army, so that the Tang Dynasty's prestige was restored on the frontier, and other problems were basically smoothly leveled or covered, and the social situation depended on the foundation of the Huichang period and did not deteriorate further. However, once Xuanzong died, soon these covered system loopholes immediately broke out, and the two dynasties of Yizong and Emperor Yizong were crumbling.