In 675 BC, Duke Xuan of Qin, the son of Duke De of Qin, took the throne. Four years later, Duke Xuan of Qin died, and his younger brother Duke Cheng of Qin succeeded him as monarch.
In 660 BC, Duke Xuan of Qin died, and the monarch passed on to his younger brother Duke Mu of Qin. Thus two generations of three brothers and six monarchs came to the last monarch, Qin Mugong. During the reign of Duke Mu of Qin, the State of Qin stepped into one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, which enabled the State of Qin to develop vigorously.
Duke Mu of Qin was the younger son of Duke De of Qin and the younger brother of Duke Xuan of Qin and Duke Cheng of Qin. Duke De of Qin had three sons: the eldest son, Zhao Tian the Duke of Qin Xuan, the second son, Zhao Zai, the Duke of Qin Cheng, and the younger son, Zhao Renhao, the Duke of Qin Mu. Duke Xuan of Qin reigned for twelve years, and none of his nine sons succeeded to the throne, but was succeeded by his younger brother Duke Chenggong of Qin. After the death of Duke Cheng of Qin, none of his seven sons succeeded to the throne, but was succeeded by Duke Mu of Qin.
In the eighteenth year of King Hui of Zhou (659 BC), Duke Mu of Qin succeeded to the throne. In the same year, Qin Mugong personally led an army to conquer the Rong people in the Maojin area and won a victory.
In the fourth year of the reign of Duke Mu of Qin (656 BC), Duke Mu of Qin, in order to become the hegemon in the future, co-opted the powerful Jin state at that time. Duke Mu of Qin personally proposed to Duke Xiangong of Jin, and Duke Xiangong of Jin married his eldest daughter to him. Later, Li Ji, the concubine of The Duke of Jin, falsely claimed that Shen Sheng was going to poison the Duke of Jin. As a result, Yiwu and Zhong'er fled to other countries to take refuge.
In the fifth year of Qin Mugong (655 BC), Qin Mugong heard that Baili Xi had a talented talent, and redeemed Baili Xi from the Chu Kingdom with five black ram skins. Qin Mugong talked with Baili Xi for three days and made Bai Lixi the Fifth Doctor. Bai Lixi recommended Uncle Jian, and Qin Mugong sent someone to greet Uncle Jian and was named Shang Dafu.
During the reign of Qin Mugong, he recruited wise men and women, boldly appointed non-national talents, and pioneered the system of appointing guest secretaries in the Qin State. Under his inspiration, Bai Lixi, known as the "Five Doctors", Soma expert Bo Le and Jiu Fanggao all threw themselves into his hands. Because he has always adopted the Soma method of "getting the fine and forgetting the coarse, and forgetting the outside" in the employment of people, he has achieved great success. He was reluctant to reuse his own nobles, fearing that the nobles would be so powerful that the monarch would be restrained by them. He preferred to reuse foreign guests, and no matter how much power the people from outside the country were, they were limited to him alone, and it was impossible to divide the territory, establish their own power, and threaten the monarch like the rich families.
In the ninth year of The Duke of Qin (651 BC), The Duke of Jin died, and the Jin courtier Zi Zi Ke killed Li Ji's son Xi Qi and her sister's son Zhuo Zi, wanting to welcome Zhong'er back to China, and Qin Mugong also wanted to do so, but the courtiers thought that The Great Ear Sage could overcome Yi Wu and would make the Jin State stronger, thus threatening his own country, so Qin Mu Gong turned to Yi Wu as the monarch, for the Duke hui of Jin. However, soon, Jin Huigong feared the power to kill Rick and other old ministers, and sent people to hunt down and kill Zhong'er.
In the twelfth year of The Duke of Qin (648 BC), the Jin state was in a great drought and sent people to the Qin state to request aid for grain. Pi Bao persuaded Qin Mugong not to give it, but to attack it while the Jin state was desolate. Miao Gong went to ask Gongsun Zhi, and Gongsun Zhi said: "Apologies and harvests are alternating things, and we cannot but give them." Then he asked Bai Lixi, and Bai Li Xi said, "Yi Wu has sinned against you, but what is the sin of his people?" Duke Miao adopted the opinions of Baili Xi and Gongsun Zhi, and finally gave grain to the Jin state. Ships were used by water and by car by land to transport grain to the Jin Dynasty, starting from Yongdu and continuing to reach Daicheng.
In the fourteenth year of Qin Mugong (646 BC), there was a famine in the Qin state, and Qin Mugong borrowed grain from the Jin state. However, the jin monarchs wanted to take the opportunity to attack the qin state.
In the fifteenth year of The Duke of Qin (645 BC), the Army of the State of Jin attacked the State of Qin, and Duke Mu of Qin personally led the army to meet it. Duke Mu of Qin eventually defeated the Jin army and captured Duke Hui of Jin. After that, Qin Mugong made a pact with Jin Huigong to allow Jin Huigong to return to China. Duke Hui of Jin sent his son Gongzi Yuan (公子圉) to the State of Qin as a hostage, and In order to control Gongzi Yuan, Duke Mu of Qin married his daughter Huai Wei to him.
In the twentieth year of the Duke of Qin (640 BC), Duke Mu of Qin destroyed the States of Liang and Rui.
In the twenty-second year of the Duke of Qin (638 BC), the Duke of Jin heard that Jin Jun was ill and said, "The State of Liang is my mother's hometown, but the State of Qin has destroyed it." I have many brothers, if after a hundred years of my father's reign, the Qin State will definitely keep me, and the Jin State will not pay attention to me, but will set up other princes. So Ziyuan fled the Qin state and returned to the Jin state.
In the twenty-third year of the Duke of Qin (637 BC), Duke Hui of Jin died, and ZiYuan took the throne as a prince for the Duke of Jin. Duke Mu of Qin was very annoyed by Yuan's escape, so he welcomed the Prince of Jin from the Chu State to Zhong'er, and married the wife of the original Zi Yuan to Zhong'er. He refused to resign, but later accepted. Qin Mugong was even more courteous to Zhong'er.
In the spring of the twenty-fourth year of the reign of Duke Mu of Qin (636 BC), the State of Qin sent someone to tell the ministers of the State of Jin that they would send Heavy Ears back to China. The State of Jin agreed, so he sent someone to escort Zhong'er back to the State of Jin. In February, Zhong'er ascended the throne as the monarch of the Jin Dynasty, which was the Duke Wen of Jin. Duke Wen of Jin sent someone to kill Zi Yuan. ZiYuan is the Duke of Jinhuai.
In the twenty-fifth year of the Reign of Mu Duke of Qin (635 BC), King Xiang of Zhou sent people to inform the Jin and Qin states of the situation of disaster. Qin Mugong led troops to help Duke Wen of Jin escort King Xiang of Zhou back to the dynasty and beheaded King Xiang of Zhou's younger brother, Prince Tai.
In the thirtieth year of the Duke of Qin (630 BC), Duke Mu of Qin and Duke Wen of Jin sent troops to besiege the State of Zheng, because the State of Zheng had been rude to duke Wen of Jin, and the State of Zheng was dependent on both the State of Chu and the State of Jin. The Jin army was stationed at Hanling, and the Qin army was stationed south of The Water. In the middle of the night, candle wu used a rope to hang out of the city wall, he saw Qin Mugong, on behalf of the Jin Wengong alliance, Qin Mugong was very tall, he signed a covenant with Zheng Guo. Sent Qizi, Fengsun, and Yangsun to guard Zheng Guo. The Jin emperor requested to send troops to attack the Qin army, but Jin Wengong objected. The Jin army also left Zheng Guo.
In the thirty-second year of The Duke of Qin (628 BC), Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Wen of Zheng died, and Duke Mu of Qin wanted to take this opportunity to defeat the State of Zheng and the State of Jin and seek hegemony.
In the winter of the thirty-second year of The Duke of Qin (628 BC), Duke Wen of Jin died. At this time, Qi Zi sent a letter from Zheng Guo to return home, saying: "The Zheng people gave me the key to the north gate, and if you quietly send troops, Zheng Guo will be able to get it." Qin Mugong asked Uncle Jian and Bai Lixi, and the two replied, "After thousands of miles through several countries to attack others, very few succeed. Zheng Guo will definitely know the action of our army and cannot go!" Qin Mugong said, "I have already decided, you two don't have to say it again." Therefore, he sent Meng Mingshi, the son of Bai Lixi, the son of Uncle Jian, Xi Qishu, and Bai Begbingsan to lead the troops out. Bai Lixi and Uncle Jian cried to send off the army, and Qin Mugong was very angry, saying, "I sent out my troops, but you cried and frustrated the morale of our army, why is this?" The Second Elder replied, "We do not dare to discourage morale. It's just that we are old, and our son is going to go on a campaign, and I am afraid that I will never see him again!" The second elder said to his son, "Your army will definitely lose the battle, and the Jin people will block the attack at Mount Kun."
In the spring of the thirty-third year of Qin Mugong (627 BC), the Qin army went east, and when it passed through the north gate of Chengzhou, the left and right sides of the car took off their helmets and got off the car to pay tribute, and then jumped on the car with three hundred soldiers in chariots. After Wang Sun man saw it, he said, "The Qin army is light and rude, and it will definitely fail!" When the Qin army was passing through the country of Shui, Zheng Guo's merchant Xiang Gao zheng sold cattle to prepare to go to Zhou to sell, and when he saw the Qin army, he gave all the twelve cows he had brought to the Qin army, saying: "I heard that the great power was about to destroy Zheng, and Zheng Jun was ready to face the battle, and sent me to first stack twelve cattle to treat your soldiers." The three generals of the Qin army discussed: "Zheng Guo already knows that our army is going to attack, and it is useless to go." So he destroyed the slippery country and withdrew his troops. Slip is a country with the same surname as the Jin Dynasty. At that time, Jin Wengong had not yet been buried. Crown Prince Xianggong said angrily, "The State of Qin bullied and insulted me for losing my father, and took the opportunity to attack and destroy the country of my people with the same surname." Therefore, he dyed his mourning clothes black and sent troops to block the attack at Mount Kun, defeating the Qin army and capturing all three Qin generals. Wen Ying, the wife of Duke Wen of Jin, the daughter of Duke Mu of Qin, said to Duke Xiang: "These three people have provoked the relationship between the monarchs of our two countries, and Mu Gong hates these three people to the bone marrow. Why would you kill them yourself? It is better to let them go back and let Mu Gong go and boil them to death!" Jin Xianggong agreed. Qin Mugong put on his plain clothes and went to the outskirts to greet Meng Mingshi and the others in tears, saying, "I didn't listen to the words of Bai Lixi and Uncle Jian, and I humiliated the three of you, what is wrong with you?" Concentrate on plotting revenge and shame, and do not slacken off!" The three were reinstated to their official positions and trusted them even more.
In the thirty-fourth year of the Reign of Qin Mugong (626 BC), Duke Mu of Qin sent Meng Mingshi and other generals to lead an army to attack the Jin state. The king of the Jin state expected that the qin state would not be willing, and the preparation for war did not relax, and when he saw the qin state attacking, he sent a large army to meet the battle. The two armies met and fought, and the Qin army was defeated and had to retreat back to the Qin state.
In the thirty-sixth year of The Duke of Qin (624 BC), Meng Mingshi thought that the time had come to attack the Jin army, and he asked the Duke of Qin Mu to march in person, and after full and careful preparation, Qin Mugong and Meng Mingshi led a large army to kill the Jin state in a mighty way. The Qin army crossed the Yellow River, and Meng Mingshi ordered the ferry to be burned, saying that he would not survive without victory. The vanguard was personally held by Meng Mingshi, the Qin army was like a bamboo on the way, the Jin army could not hold out, Qin Mugong led a large army to capture the outskirts of the Jin state (present-day Wenxixi, Shanxi) and Wang Guan (present-day Wenxi, Shanxi), and then crossed the Yellow River from Maojin (present-day Maojindu, Pinglu County, Shanxi) into the Kun Valley, burying the bones of the soldiers who died in battle that year, Qin Mugong issued a speech of deep self-reproach.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, in the area of present-day Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ning, there lived many Rongdi tribes and small states, such as Kunrong, Mianzhu, and Zhai in the west of Longshan, Yiqu, Wushi, and Shuyan in northern Jing, Dalizhirong in Luochuan, and Luhun in Weinan. They are backward in production, wearing hair and clothing, each with its own strengths, and they are not unified. They often raided the border areas of Qin, looted grain, livestock, and kidnapped children, causing great suffering to the Qin people. Qin Mugong developed to the west and adopted a more cautious strategy, first strong and then weak, and then conquered.
At that time, the strongest of the Xirong tribes were Mianzhu (in present-day eastern Tianshui, Gansu), Yiqu (in present-day northern Ning County, Gansu), and Dali (present-day Dalidong, Shaanxi). Among them, there are kings in Mian, who live near qin's homeland and are connected to Qin territory. Just in time, the kings of Mian, hearing of Qin Mugong's ability, sent Yu Yu to envoy the Qin state. Qin Mugong received Yu Yu solemnly, showed him the magnificent palace and abundant reserves of the Qin state, and learned from him about the terrain and military posture of Xirong. He also used Nei Shi Liao's strategy to keep Yu Yu living in Qin. At the same time, sixteen female musicians were sent to the kings of Mian. Listening to the beautiful music and dance of the Qin Kingdom, the King of Rong enjoyed the blessing of his eyes and ears. He drank and enjoyed himself all day, ignored political affairs, and died a large number of cattle and horses in the country. When the domestic affairs of the Mianzhu were in a mess, Qin Mugong let Yu Yu return to China. Yu Yu saw this situation and advised him, but was rejected by King Rong. Under the advice of the Qin people, Yu Yu finally surrendered to the Qin state. Qin Mugong received Yu Yu as a guest and discussed with him the strategy of unifying the Western Rong clan. Yu Yu had lived among the Rong people for a long time and was very familiar with their situation, and his advice to Qin Mugong was very important. According to Yu Yu's plan, the State of Qin gradually destroyed 12 (20 of the first) countries established by the Rong people in the West, and opened up more than a thousand miles of land. Because of the victory of Qin Mugong over the Rong people, the King of Zhou congratulated him and gave him a golden drum, hoping that he would beat the drum to continue to attack the Rong people, which is what the history books say qin Mugong "dominated the Western Rong".
After that, Zhou Tianzi sent ministers to the Qin state to give the golden drum and crown Qin Mugong as "Bo", recognizing the Western hegemony of the Qin state.
In order to make the country stronger, Qin Mugong searched around for talents and reused keqing from other countries, taking Yu from Xirong in the west, Baili Xi from Wandi in the east, and Uncle Jian from the Song kingdom, and also recruited Pi Leopard and Gongsun Zhi from the Jin state. These warriors assisted The Duke mu of Qin and made the Qin soldiers strong and strong.
In the 39th year of the reign of Duke Mu of Qin (621 BC), Duke Mu of Qin died and was buried in Yong (雍, southeast of present-day Fengxiang, Shaanxi), with the crown prince Yan Jili (罃姬立) as the Duke of Qin Kang.
However, no one is perfect, Qin Mugong was a mingjun of the ming dynasty, and he loved as his destiny, but he did a stupid thing before he died. In 621 BC, Qin Mugong died, and the number of mourners reached 177, which was the largest funeral in the history of the Qin State. Some of them were the mourners he designated, including the "Three Sages of the Qin State" at that time. The "Three Sages of the Qin State", that is, the three sons of the Qin State's Xianchen Zi Che Clan, were named Xiang Xi, Zhongxing, and Needle Tiger. These three people made great contributions in the process of the rise of the Qin State, so they were called "Three Sages" by the world.
Compared with the princes of the Central Plains, the Qin state had a low starting point, coupled with the neighboring Rong Di, although it continued to expand its territory, the economy and culture were still relatively backward.
After Qin Mugong took the throne, he worked hard to become stronger, forged ahead, cultivated politics, developed the military, rewarded production, and greatly enhanced the country's strength. Due to geographical relations and the early strategic misjudgment of Qin Mugong, the cause of Tuba Zhongyuan was frustrated one after another.
Despite this, Duke Mu of Qin was still an outstanding king. Judging the situation and considering the situation and foresight, he changed his original intention after repeatedly being frustrated by the Jin Dynasty in his eastward advance, no longer competing with the princes of the Central Plains, and "taking the sword to the side" to develop westward with all his might, and then opened up thousands of miles of territory and dominated Xirong, winning a broad space for in-depth development for the Qin state, greatly enhancing the national strength of the Qin state, and laying a solid foundation for Qin's eastward advance and eventual unification of the world in the Warring States era.
After the death of Qin Mugong, the talent was used for martyrdom and destruction, and his successors were all mediocre. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Qin State never had a superior performance on the political stage at that time.