Qian Xuesen once expressed this sentiment toward Premier Wen Jiabao: "Looking back, none of the students trained over the years have achieved academic achievements that can be compared with the masters cultivated during the Republic of China period."
Looking back at Elder Qian's line of sight, we will find that there were not only masters in the Republic of China period, but also a group of outstanding educators who had the motherland in mind.
Peking University has Cai Yuanpei, Tsinghua has Mei Yiqi, Nankai has Zhang Boling, and Jinling University has Chen Yuguang.
Jinling University
<h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > first, study in Jinling</h1>
Chen Yuguang was talented and intelligent, and at the age of 7, he was already able to recite children's Books such as the Three Character Sutra, the Thousand Character Text, and the Disciple Rules. When I was in Mongolia, it took only 4 years to complete the 7 years of homework of others.
He then entered the HuiWen Academy in Nanjing to continue his studies.
In the new-style schools of China in the late Qing Dynasty, Western capital was more or less present, which was a special product of the special political ecology of semi-feudalism and semi-colony. Huiwen College is an academy funded by the American Christian Church.
At that time, Huiwen College had been established for more than 20 years, and it not only adapted to China's social ecology but also retained the traditional characteristics of the West. Strolling around the campus, young people wearing long shirts and playing football in pigtails can be seen everywhere.
But there will never be Chen Yuguang among these people, and at this moment he is eagerly flipping through books, just to find "The Western countries and Japan are both rising countries, why do they look at China?" The answer.
One day, he suddenly woke up: "Only the ear of technology!"
Therefore, he resolutely chose to major in chemistry when he entered the university. Compared with the military, law, medicine, and economics, this is an extremely unpopular profession, especially in China, and there is no future in sight.
Chen Yuguang
Due to the trial implementation of the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty, the first priority was to establish a new style of school, in order to seek better teachers and a higher level of education, many colleges were integrated, and Huiwen Academy merged with Hongyu College to form Jinling University, headquartered in New York, USA.
Graduates of KK can apply for graduate studies at relevant universities in the United States. Thanks to this, Chen Yuguang was given the opportunity to study in the United States after graduating from university.
Chen Yuguang and Jinling University
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > second, study in the United States</h1>
After the tempering of the university, Chen Yuguang has become more and more convinced of the truth of "science and technology to save the country". For the United States as an academic center, he has a longing. But as soon as he set foot on the soil of San Francisco, he felt a deep sense of malice and discrimination from the Americans.
After dozens of days of traveling across the ocean, Chen Yuguang was sloppy and haggard, and could only go ashore and get a haircut first. The white guy at the barbershop led him attentively and politely asked if he was Japanese.
When he got a negative answer, the white boy immediately stopped, asked Chen Yuguang to leave, and said with a bad smile: "Chinese, there are fleas, go, go, go!"
Another time, Chen Yuguang was walking on the street, and an American saw that he was neatly dressed and not very tall, so he greeted him in Japanese.
Chen Yuguang replied in pure English: "I speak Chinese very well, but Japanese is a layman."
This is the first impression that the United States gave to Chen Yuguang, which is not a holy place of democracy and equality, and it is full of contempt for China, even in the campus.
European and American students will unite to occupy the elevator, not to call Chinese use. In order to fight for breath, Chen Yuguang and another Chinese classmate climbed up to the seventh floor in one breath, and the European and American students failed to see Chen Yuguang's angry and corrupt look, and they felt that they were not interested and no longer occupied the elevator.
Chen Yuguang studied at Columbia University
But in the classroom, European and American students will still seize the opportunity to taunt Chinese.
In a chemistry class, everyone discussed the advantages and disadvantages of diet. American students advocate eating meat, Chinese students advocate vegetarianism, and both sides insist on their own opinions and argue endlessly.
The American Vassy said, "Look at how strong my body is. You, vegetarian Chinese, who is my opponent?"
In the face of the difficulties of the Americans, Chen Yuguang has become familiar with it. He calmly asked, "Who is more powerful, the tiger or the vulture?" One of them can fly, one can run, and they are not comparable at all. "
Chen Yuguang also said: "Cows, all eat grass, but they can feed milk, they can still cultivate land, tigers eat meat, but it can milk, can it cultivate land?" Who's to say that herbivorous cattle are inferior to meat-eating tigers?"
Vassi asked, "If you put together a herbivorous cow and a meat-eating tiger, who will eat whom?"
Chen Yuguang shot back: "It is true that the fierce and domineering tiger is not a fierce tiger, but if it is difficult to bear hardships and stand hard work, it will never be a fierce tiger." Why do humans always fight and kill like animals? The Bible says: Eat vegetarian vegetables and love each other, as strong as eating fat cows and hate each other. "
This is the cold reception and dilemma that almost all Chinese studying overseas will encounter. Although Chen Yuguang won the debate, it was undoubtedly difficult to study in such a hostile country, so he was determined to be a spiritual strongman.
During the six years of studying in the United States, he did not dare to relax for a moment, like a sponge desperately learning advanced scientific knowledge, desperately doing experiments, observing data, the earliest one to the laboratory, and the latest one to leave.
Late one night near graduation, Chen Yuguang was the only one left in the lab who insisted on experimenting, and because he was too tired, he accidentally broke the bottle containing sulfuric acid.
He could have waited until the next day to be cleaned up by the cleaner, but he was still forced to clean up. He carefully picked up the broken glass slag with tweezers, opened the window to dispel the smell, and mopped the floor over and over again until dawn.
This incident touched the American professor Clark, who said: "I pay tribute to Chen Yuguang, pay tribute to honesty, pay tribute to dedication, pay tribute to rigor, pay tribute to dedication, pay tribute to science." Today, I see the hope of Chinese science! "
Chen Yuguang finally won the respect of arrogant Americans with his character, knowledge, diligence, and rigor.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > third, coaching the North Division</h1>
In 1922, Chen Yuguang finally received a doctorate, and he returned to his heart like an arrow, constantly changing to Canada and taking a passenger ferry to China in Vancouver.
On the passenger ship returning to China, he constantly turned over one thing in his mind: teaching can impart scientific knowledge, cultivate specialized talents, promote Chinese culture, and instill advanced ideas.
It is true that the great cause of using one's own body to carry out science and technology to save the country is indeed inadequate, but if we serve as a role model, educate enlightened Chinese people, and cultivate scientific and technological talents for China, we will eventually become a spark of fire.
That's right! Chen Yuguang, who was anxious to return to China, was invited by the Beijing Higher Normal School to go to teach.
In the second year of Yue, due to the government's arrears in running schools and the restriction of educational activities, Fan Yuanlian, who was then the principal of the North Normal School, resigned in anger.
The principal of the North Division changed, and the school fell into chaos. Chen Yuguang has been appointed acting principal twice.
Fan Yuanlian and the superior departments were interested in Chen Yuguang's succession as principal, and only after his verbal consent, they could issue a notice of appointment. But Chen Yuguang fell into a tangle, engaging in administration is not his will, engaging in academia is his original intention.
At this time, Bao Wen, president of Jinling University, sent a letter inviting him to teach. Therefore, taking advantage of the fact that the principal's letter of appointment was not issued, Chen Yuguang left the North Division and returned to the embrace of his alma mater.
<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" >4, back to Jinling</h1>
At this time, Jinling University had more than doubled in size compared with a decade ago, with both Chinese palace-like buildings and Western geometric green spaces, and the departments were already perfect.
Chen Yuguang's character "Jing Tang" means Jing Mu Sheng Tang, which is his determination to save the country and his long-cherished wish to carry forward Chinese culture. Therefore, as soon as he became the head of the liberal arts section of Jin University, he added a special department of Chinese language under the liberal arts and sciences.
At that time, foreign churches had been controlling China's education for decades, and church ideas and foreign wills had always penetrated into Chinese education. Chen Yuguang coincided with the climax of the "anti-Christian movement" and "reclaiming the right to education" at Jinda.
Under pressure, the National Government finally formulated a regulation saying: "Church schools must file a case with the government and obtain legal status." "The principal must be Chinese."
In the turmoil, Christian and religious schools in Nanjing were hit, with garrisons on campuses and students suspended. Bao Wen, the current principal of Jinda University, voluntarily resigned, and Chen Yuguang was elected as the principal. This means that the right to education of Jinda has returned smoothly.
Chen Yuguang, who only wanted to engage in academics, evaded the position of principal of the North Division, but failed to avoid the position of the principal of Jinda. From becoming the first Chinese president of a church school until Jin University was incorporated into several universities in Nanjing, Chen Yuguang ran Jin Dazu for 25 years.
In the past twenty-five years, Jinda has experienced the turmoil of the fall of Nanjing, the westward relocation of the school, and the storm of the People's Liberation Army liberating Nanjing and discussing the retreat of Taiwan. But let the wind and rain stir, Chen Yuguang always waited cautiously, and finally, he drove Jin Da, a small boat carrying the spark of Chinese science and technology, waded through the storms and cannon fires of history, and safely arrived at the harbor of New China.
Illustration of the changes in Jinling University
<h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" >5, the light of the candle</h1>
In 1951, Chen Yuguang, who was more than half a hundred years old, resigned as president of Jin University. The Council of Trustees highly commended him for his 25 years at the helm of Jin University.
"Principal Chen has experienced several times of crisis in the school, not only has he never been discouraged, but he has also tried his best to expand internally. The anti-war army was revived, the school was moved to Chengdu, and after the victory, the leaders were demobilized and the difficulties were able to overcome them. The development of the school today is due to the fact that the principal has led the way. "
Chen Yuguang, who had retired from his presidency as principal, was finally able to breathe a sigh of relief and devote himself intently to his beloved chemical research.
After the founding of New China, hundreds of industries were waiting to be developed, and scientific research became the top priority. At that time, in the printing industry, China was still dominated by copper plate printing, which was expensive and not easy to produce.
In order to improve the situation, Chen Yuguang is determined to develop a new material to replace copper plates. Soon, the "bakelite printing board" he developed became popular in China.
Copper plate printing template
Since then, he has devoted himself to China's plastics industry, taking the lead in developing PVC artificial leather and plastic foam, and actively participating in the research work of alcohol-based ethylene, laying the foundation for the development of China's light industry.
In 1980, Chen Yuguang, who was already 87 years old, was still full of enthusiasm for serving the country, saying: "When there is still a slight moment of strength, I will serve to promote the construction of the four modernizations and the reunification of the motherland."
Immediately afterward, he took the elderly body and actively organized the Jinling University Alumni Association to connect with alumni at home and abroad and on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, lobbying them to contribute their talents and strength to the construction of the motherland.
At the age of 90, he flew to the United States, visited many cities, visited more than 300 alumni, and invited them to return to China to lecture and cooperate.
He told them: "I am more than 90 years old, and in the poor and backward old China, even if I have the ambition to save the country through science, I am only talking on paper. Now that the spring breeze of the motherland is mighty and the whole country is full of weather, although I am old, I am deeply encouraged by this prosperous world. "
Many people also persuaded him to settle in the United States, but he refused.
Chen Yuguang's former residence
On April 19, 1989, Chen Yuguang passed away at the age of 97. In the last days of relying on nutrient solutions to sustain his life, he still remembered China's higher education cause.
On May 31, 1996, CCTV's "News Network" broadcast the following news: "The children of Mr. Chen Yuguang, who had served as president of Jinling University for a long time, in accordance with their father's last wishes, donated their private house (now No. 71 Hankou Road) to Nanjing Agricultural University to prepare for the Jinling Research Institute."
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