Parts of the 33rd Army and the 34th Army were compiled by the Huaihai Uprising, so this one is mainly Huaihai.
In late September 1948, three days after the victory in the Battle of Jinan, Su Yu, acting commander and acting political commissar of the East China Field Army, proposed to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China that he hoped to take advantage of the victory to attack and annihilate Huaiyin, Huai'an, and Haizhou, known as the Battle of Huaihai, with the main goal of annihilating Li Yannian's 9th Appeasement Zone, which was far away from Xuzhou, in preparation for the capture of Xuzhou.
The original idea of the Huaihai Campaign was actually "Little Huaihai", and Su Yu formulated a battle plan that would be: to use the Northern Jiangsu Corps to recover Lianghuai, to block the main force of Huaye to aid the enemy, and the second stage was to attack Haizhou (present-day Lianyungang) and completely liberate Northern Jiangsu.
Entrenched in Haizhou was Li Yannian's 9th Appeasement District, which only had Wang Zejun's 44th Army (150th Division and 162nd Division) under its jurisdiction, with a total strength of only more than 15,000 people, and its combat effectiveness was not strong.
This "little Huaihai" can open up the connection between Shandong and northern Jiangsu.
However, after the Battle of Jinan, in order to prevent Huaye from fully retaking Jiangbei, Gu stopped Huang Baitao's corps on the Longhai Line. Huang Baitao's 7th Corps (about 80,000 men of the 25th, 63rd, and 64th Armies) used the Longhai Line as a dividing line to separate the Shandong base area from the northern Jiangsu guerrilla zone.
Therefore, in the two stages of the original version of "Xiaohuaihai", a front-loading operation was added, that is, the first annihilation of Huang Baitao's corps.
Once Huang Baitao's corps was destroyed, Hua Ye could fully control northern Jiangsu, drink the Yangtze River, and cross the river from Shanghai and Nanjing, and the military pressure faced by the Kuomintang at that time could be imagined. It also formed a situation of encirclement of Xuzhou on the east, south, and north, which was very unfavorable to the overall situation of the Kuomintang.
On October 11, Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Huaye, confirming the idea of a three-stage Huaihai campaign, and at the same time the Central Plains Field Army should attack the Zhengxu Line and contain Sun Yuanliang's army to alleviate the pressure on Huaye to block reinforcements.
In October 1948, at the High Military Conference of Chiang Kai-shek's Army, the troops under the Xuzhou Suppression Command should abandon unnecessary cities and gather around Xuzhou. Sun Yuanliang abandoned Zhengzhou, Qiu Qingquan abandoned Shangqiu, Huang Baitao and Li Mi abandoned Xu Dong, and more than 400,000 people from 4 corps gathered near Xuzhou to prepare for a decisive battle with Huaye.
If these 4 corps are gathered together, it will be very difficult for HuaYe, who does not exceed 350,000 troops, to eat them all, so it is necessary to annihilate the enemy before there is no gathering.
Among them, the first appeasement district is located in Huaiyin, the third appeasement district is located in Jiawang, Xuzhou, the fourth appeasement district is located in Kaifeng (Housu County), and the ninth appeasement district is located in Haizhou.
Feng Zhi'an, commander of the Third Appeasement District, and Deputy Commanders Zhang Kexia, He Jifeng, and Li Wentian, had the following subordinates: the 38th and 180th Divisions of the Fifty-ninth Army (Liu Zhensan); and the 37th and 132nd Divisions of the Seventy-seventh Army (Wang Changhai).
On November 4, Liu Zhi specifically proposed at the military conference: "Assemble all corps to correspond to the four directions of southeast, south, and northwest, and connect with each other, only in this way can we be long-lasting." ”
Commander-in-Chief Liu Zhi, Deputy Commander-in-Chief Du Yuming, Sun Zhen, Liu Ruming, Feng Zhi'an, Han Deloitte, and Li Yannian. Directly under the command of the 20th Army (at the southern end of the Jinpu Railway in central China at the end of the Battle of Huaihai), the 133rd and 134th Divisions; the 260th and provisional 25th Divisions of the 107th Army (which surrendered).
The next day, Huang Baitao arranged for the corps to retreat westward, and 4 armies of 100,000 people (adding a 100th army prepared to support Haizhou on the way) packed up their things and prepared to run.
At this rate, Huang Baitao's corps was about to run back to Xuzhou, but it was delayed by 3 things: First, Zhang Kexia and He Jifeng led the main force of the Third Appeasement Zone to revolt, and Hua Ye was able to go south through Taierzhuang and directly insert Huang Baitao's retreat; second, Li Mi's corps in Mill Zhuang was unwilling to wait for Huang Baitao and returned to Xuzhou first; third, the 44th Army that had been delayed in haizhou was killed.
On November 28, 1948, He Jifeng, Zhang Kexia, Meng Shaolian, Guo Jiafang, Cui Zhenlun, and Yang Gansan led two divisions of the Kuomintang 59th Army, one division of the 77th Army, and 111 regiments in Jiawang and Taierzhuang, with a total of more than 23,000 people successfully revolting.
Huang Baitao was then besieged, and at this time Huang Baitao's 7th Corps was under the jurisdiction of the 40th and 108th Divisions of the 25th Army; the 150th Division and the 162nd Division of the Forty-fourth Army; the 152nd and 186th Divisions of the 63rd Army; the 156th and 159th Divisions of the 64th Army (Liu Zhenxiang); and the 44th and 63rd Divisions of the 100th Army.
Nakano abandoned his original garrison because of Sun Yuanliang and Qiu Qingquan, and also followed him to the vicinity of Xuzhou, and the troops invested by both sides became larger and larger, and the "Little Huaihai" evolved into the "Great Huaihai".
On November 16, 1948, the General Front Committee of the Huaihai Campaign was established, with Liu, Chen, Deng, Su and Tan as members.
East China Field Army (sixteen columns plus four brigades, more than 400,000 people), commander and political commissar Chen Yi (who has been serving as deputy commander in Zhongye since the Battle of Eastern Henan), acting commander and acting political commissar and commander of the Yuwan Soviet Military Region Su Yu, chief of staff Chen Shiqu, director of the Political Department Tang Liang, deputy chief of staff Zhang Zhen, deputy director of the Political Department Zhong Zhiguang:
Ye Fei, commander and political commissar of the 1st Column (20th Army) (1st, 2nd and 3rd Divisions);
Acting Commander of the Third Column (22nd Army) Sun Jixian, Political Commissar Ding Qiusheng (Eighth and Ninth Divisions);
Tao Yong, commander of the 4th Column (23rd Army), and Guo Huaruo, political commissar (10th, 11th, 12th Divisions);
Commander of the Sixth Column (24th Army) Wang Bicheng, Political Commissar Jiang Weiqing (16th, 17th, 18th Division);
Zhang Renchu, commander of the Eighth Column (26th Army), and Wang Yiping, political commissar (22nd, 23rd, 24th Division);
Commander of the 10th Column (28th Army) Song Shilun and Political Commissar Liu Peishan (28th and 29th Divisions);
Commander of the Special Forces Column Chen Ruiting (Artillery 1st, 2nd, 3rd Artillery Regiment, Engineer Regiment, Cavalry Regiment, Tank Brigade);
Two Guangdong columns, commander Zeng Sheng, political commissar Lei Jingtian;
Fu Qiutao, commander of the Luzhong South Military Region (luzhong and lunan military regions combined);
Jiluyu Military Region, Commander Zhao Jianmin, Political Commissar Pan Fusheng (Duyi, Dusan Brigade);
Chen Qingxian, commander of the Jianghuai Military Region (most of the 34th Army), and Cao Diqiu, political commissar (in May 1948, the Huainan and Huaibei Military Regions were merged into the Jianghuai Military Region, with jurisdiction over the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Military Divisions, the 34th Brigade, the Independent Brigade and other departments, with a total of more than 19,000 people).
Shandong Corps (most of them did not participate in the war), commander Xu Shiyou (did not participate in the war), political commissar Tan Zhenlin (concurrently), deputy commander Wang Jian'an:
Commander of the Seventh Column (25th Army) Cheng Jun, Political Commissar Zhao Qimin (19th, 20th, 21st Division);
Commander of the Ninth Column (27th Army) Nie Fengzhi, Political Commissar Liu Haotian (25th, 26th, 27th Divisions);
Commander zhou Zhijian of the 13th Column (31st Army), political commissar Liao Haiguang (37th, 38th, 39th Divisions);
Qian Jun, commander of the Luzhongnan Column (most of the 35th Army), and Zhang Xiong, political commissar (who did not participate in the battle) (46th and 47th Divisions);
Yuan Yilie, commander of the Bohai Column (most of the 33rd Army), (On September 30, 1947, the troops of the Bohai Naval Region were reorganized into the Bohai Column, under the jurisdiction of the newly organized 1st and 11th Divisions, with a total of more than 13,000 people. ）
Northern Jiangsu Corps, Commander Wei Guoqing, Political Commissar Chen Pixian, Deputy Political Commissar Ji Luo (Ji Pengfei):
Commander of the 2nd Column (21st Army) Teng Haiqing, Political Commissar Kang Zhiqiang (4th, 5th, 6th Division);
Hu Bingyun, commander of the 11th Column (29th Army), and Zhang Fan, political commissar (31st, 32nd, 33rd Brigades);
Xie Zhenhua, commander of the 12th Column (30th Army), and Li Ganhui, political commissar (35th and 36th Brigades).
Liu Bocheng, commander of the Central Plains Field Army (seven columns plus three brigades, nearly 200,000 people), Deng Xiaoping, political commissar, Chen Yi and Li Xiannian, deputy commanders, Zhang Jichun, deputy political commissar, and Li Da, chief of staff:
Yang Yong, commander of the 1st Column (16th Army), and Su Zhenhua, political commissar (1st, 2nd, 20th Brigades);
Chen Zaidao, commander of the 2nd Column (10th Army), and Wang Weigang, political commissar (4th and 6th Brigades);
Chen Xilian, commander of the 3rd Column (11th Army), and Peng Tao, political commissar (7th, 8th, 9th Brigades);
Commander of the 4th Column (13/14Th Army) Chen Geng and Political Commissar Xie Fuzhi (10th, 11th, 13th and 22nd Brigades);
Commander of the Sixth Column (12th Army) Wang Jinshan, Political Commissar Du Yide (16th, 17th, 18th Brigades);
Qin Jiwei, commander of the Ninth Column (15th Army), and Li Chengfang, political commissar (26th and 27th Brigades);
Wang Bingzhang, commander of the 11th Column (17th Army), and Zhang Linzhi, political commissar (31st, 32nd, 33rd Brigades);
Zhang Guohua, deputy commander of the Yuwan Soviet Military Region (18th Army);
Western Henan Military Region, Commander Zeng Xisheng, Political Commissar Zhang Xi (Independent Brigade);
Southern Shaanxi Military Region (19th Army), Commander Liu Jinxuan, Political Commissar Wang Feng (Independent Brigade).
The Xuzhou General Advance Command (annihilated in the Chenguanzhuang area), director Du Yuming, deputy directors Sun Yuanliang and Zhao Jiajun, including: Qiu Qingquan 2 Corps, Li Mi 13 Corps, Sun Yuanliang 16 Corps.
Qiu Qingquan's 2nd Corps (annihilated in the Chenguanzhuang area) was under the jurisdiction of the 45th, 46th, and 200th Divisions of the Fifth Army (formed by merging the provisional 14th Division and the 46th Division); the 32nd and 96th Divisions of the 70th Army (formerly attached to the tanks and other units organized into rapid columns), the 139th Division; the 34th and 122nd Divisions of the 72nd Army (Sun Yuanliang's 16th Corps broke through alone, and after being annihilated, they were reorganized into the 122nd Division), the 233rd Division; and the 51st, 57th, and 58th Divisions of the Seventy-fourth Army (Qiu Weida). The 112th and 238th (reorganized in the Lingbi area of the Twelfth Army, annihilated at Lingbi); the 116th Army (formed in the encirclement circle, actually an empty number, all personnel were drawn from the 72nd Army, planned to be organized into a new corps with the 72nd Army and the 116th Army, and was annihilated before it was organized); directly subordinate: the Independent Brigade (reorganized from the New 44th Division), the Cavalry Brigade, and the 181st Division (Mi Wen and his department were originally formed by The 55th Army of Cao Fulin of Liu Ruming's system, temporarily under the command of Qiu Qingquan).
Li Mi's 13th Corps (annihilated in the Chenguanzhuang area, Li Corps was originally under the jurisdiction of the 8th, 9th, and 393rd Armies, the 39th Army was in Huludao before the Battle of Huaihai, and then transferred to Bengbu to the 6th Corps. Later in the campaign, the Sixty-fourth and 115th Armies were incorporated into sequence, but both of these armies were hastily formed, of which the Sixty-fourth Army was an empty number and had no combat effectiveness) under its jurisdiction: the 42nd, 170th, and 237th Divisions of the Eighth Army; the 3rd, 166th, and 253rd Divisions of the Ninth Army; the Sixty-fourth Army (originally the Seventh Corps, which was annihilated at Mill Village, which was established in the encirclement, with only independent brigades and about 4,000 civilians in its garrison); the 39th, 115th Army. The 180th Division (the 39th Division was reinforced by Anyang airlift Xuzhou and later expanded into the 115th Army; the 180th Division was originally formed by the 59th Army of the Third Appeasement District, the 59th Army was revolted in Jiawang, and about 3,000 officers and soldiers who did not participate in the uprising were organized into the 180th Division).
Sun Yuanliang's 16th Corps (annihilated in the Chenguanzhuang area) was under the command of the 122nd and 124th Divisions of the 41st Army (Hu Lincong); the 125th Division of the 47th Army (Wang Kufeng) (the 125th Division was once equipped with chariots and other units to form a rapid column, with the commander of the division concurrently serving as the commander of the column), and the 127th Division.
Huang Wei, commander of the 12th Corps of Huang Wei (under the command of the Ministry of National Defense and annihilated in the Shuangduiji area), deputy commanders Hu Lian and Wu Shaozhou, under the command of: the 18th, 75th, and 114th Divisions of the Tenth Army; the 10th, 83rd, and 85th Divisions of the 14th Army; the 11th, 49th, and 118th Divisions of the Eighteenth Army (Yang Botao) (the 118th Division was once equipped with chariots and other units to form a rapid column, and the division commander was also the commander of the rapid column); the 23rd Division (Surrender) and the 110th Division (Liao Yunzhou Uprising) of the 85th Army (Wu Shaozhou) 216th Division.
Li Yannian's Sixth Corps (reinforcing Huang Wei's troops, Li Yannian was originally the commander of the Ninth Appeasement District, due to strategic needs to abandon Haizhou's westward retreat, transferred the 44th Army under his command to the Seventh Corps, Li led the headquarters to Bengbu, plus the withdrawal of personnel from the sea was reorganized into the Sixth Corps) under the jurisdiction of the Thirty-ninth Army (originally under the thirteenth corps formation, stationed in Changli, Hebei, did not arrive in Xuzhou before the battle, and was later transferred to Bengbu under the command of the Sixth Corps, the 91st Division of the army was not in the Huaihai Battlefield), the 103rd and 147th Divisions; the 8th and 198th Divisions of the Fifty-fourth Army (Que Hanqian). 291st Division; 96th Army (formerly part of the 16th Corps, transferred to the Bengbu garrison at the end of October 1948, after which the 16th Corps moved north, the army remained in Bengbu, once under the command of Liu Ruming's 4th Appeasement District, now under the command of the 6th Corps) 141st and 282nd Divisions; the 92nd, 99th and 268th Divisions of the 99th Army.
Liu Ruming's Eighth Corps (reinforcing Huang Wei's troops, formerly known as the Fourth Appeasement District) was under the jurisdiction of the 29th, 74th, and 181st Divisions of the Fifty-fifth Army; and the 81st, 119th, and 143rd Divisions of the Sixty-eighth Army.
On January 10, 1949, the Battle of Huaihai ended, and according to the order, the 59th Army and the 77th Army of the rebel forces went to Anhui for reorganization.
On February 16, 1949, the 59th Army of the Uprising and the Bohai Column were merged into the 33rd Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with Zhang Kexia as the commander and Han Nianlong as the political commissar, and the 7th Division of the Bohai Naval Region was renamed the 97th Division, the 11th Division of the Bohai Naval Region was renamed the 98th Division, and the headquarters of the 59th Army of the Uprising was reorganized into the 99th Division, with more than 20,000 troops in the whole army, belonging to the Sanye 9th Corps.
The 77th Army of the insurrectionary forces, the 34th Brigade of the Jianghuai Military Region, and the Independent Brigade were combined into the 34th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, with He Jifeng as the commander, zhao Qi of the 25th Army as the political commissar of the 34th Army, the 132nd Division of the uprising as the 100th Division, the 101st Division with the Independent Brigade of the Jianghuai Military Region, and the 102nd Division with the 34th Brigade of the Jianghuai Military Region, with a total of more than 16,000 people in the whole army, and it was subordinate to the Sanye 8 Corps.
After reorganizing and training, the troops took part in the battle of crossing the river.
On April 26, the 34th Army returned to Nanjing City and took up the security task of Nanjing Airport and Tangshan and Zhenjiang.
In May, the Battle of Shanghai, after which the 33rd Army was responsible for the garrison of the area.
In July, the 34th Army and Nanjing Garrison Headquarters, Yuan Zhongxian as commander and political commissar, He Yixiang and He Jifeng as the first and second deputy commanders, and Zhang Fan as deputy political commissar.
In July, the 100th Division of the 34th Army was transferred to the 33rd Army, in November the 101st Division of the 34th Army was transferred to the 10th Corps, in December the headquarters of the 102nd Division of the 34th Army was changed to the 3rd Artillery Division, and in January 1950, the First Department of the 34th Army Was established as the Aviation Department of the East China Military Region. In November, the military organs and other units were reorganized into the 13th East China Public Security Division, and the 34th Army was abolished.
In November 1950, the 33rd Army was reorganized into the East China Public Security Force and the Songhu Police Headquarters, and the 97th, 98th, 99th, and 100th Divisions were successively reorganized into the 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th Divisions of the Public Security Department.