"Eighteen Martial Arts on Gold and Silver"
Zhen Bao · Episode 4
Speaking of gold and silverware,
Zhen Bao's first thought was the picture of the prosperous tang dynasty.
Those cellar artifacts excavated in Hejia Village in 1970,
Like a "witness",
It shows us that untouchable and brilliant history.
Tang Chijin Small Walking Dragon, Shaanxi History Museum
Tang Gilded Dragon, Shaanxi History Museum
Tang Gilded Fei Lian Pattern Six-Curved Silver Plate, Shaanxi Museum Collection
Tang Gilded parrot pattern silver jar, Shaanxi History Museum
Tang Silver Gilt Dancing Horsebit Cup Pattern Silver Pot, Shaanxi History Museum Collection
Tang Dynasty gilded trickle pattern eight-edged silver cup, Shaanxi Museum collection
Of course, the most striking thing is the one
The exquisite decorative textures on the surface of these utensils,
How long have they been?
How are they made?
This involves the craftsmanship of the craftsmen.
Due to the impact of modern industrialization,
The number of inheritors is decreasing,
Some crafts have been lost...
Today Zhen Bao has compiled a compilation of gold and silver handicrafts
Hopefully, you can use this to reacquaint yourself with them
Gilded gilded gold in gold with wrong gilded...
We're not the same!
01 Gilded
Gilded, also known as gilded, is also known as fire gold plating or mercury gilding. It is a gold and mercury synthetic gold mercury agent, coated on the surface of the copper, after heating the mercury evaporation, the gold is attached to the surface of the vessel without falling off.
China's gilding technology has shined since the Warring States, and China was also the first country to master this technology. Usually we see gilded statues, ornaments, etc. in antiques, although this technology is not complicated, but the consumables are very luxurious. Today, gilding is rare and most are replaced by electroplating.
02 Gold plated
Gold plating refers to the use of electrolysis or other chemical methods to make gold attach to the surface of the utensils to form a thin layer of gold.
Gilded gilding, often silly and unclear, all in common is that gold is attached to utensils.
However, the gilding mentioned earlier is also called fire plating, and today's gilding usually refers to the electroplating process. It can be said that today's gilding process is an alternative to gilding, which implies that a period of time has become a thing of the past.
03 Pack of gold
Gold wrapping refers to a very thin layer of gold leaf wrapped around the surface of the utensil. China's gold-packing technology was applied at the latest during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
There are not many records of gold-packing technology in ancient literature, only the Ming Dynasty Song Yingxing's "Tiangong Kaiwu" made a specific introduction. However, hammering gold into foil and then allowing the gold leaf to bond to the surface of the utensils should be an indispensable process for the gold-wrapping process in various periods.
04 Gold and silver wrong
Western Han Dynasty gold and silver bronze serrated instrument, Hebei Museum collection
Gold and silver mistakes, also known as "wrong gold and silver", are the process of using gold and silver wire to inlay a pattern or text on the surface of the utensils.
"Shuowen Jiezi" said: "Wrong, Jin Tuye, from Jin Xisheng". The gold and silver craft is one of the ancient Chinese Han metal craftsmanship decoration techniques, which was first seen in the bronze ware of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and was mainly used in the decorative patterns of various utensils, carriages and horses and weapons and other practical utensils in bronze.
It appeared relatively late, probably after the development of bronze technology for more than a thousand years, and only flourished in the middle and late Spring and Autumn. For China's Bronze Age, it can be described as a brilliant sunset.
05 Iron and silver
Ming Yongle Iron Iron Iron Lan Za Body Dragon Pattern, Guan Fu Museum Collection
Jiǎn (鋄) gold and silver, a process of embedding gold and silver wire into cast iron, has appeared during the Tang Dynasty.
The complexity of gold and silver is that gold is not attached to iron. Therefore, in order to do this, the ancients needed to first carve and shape the ornaments by hand, and then use a file to file a line thinner than the hair on the surface of the utensil, and then spread a very thin gold leaf (silk) on the molded utensils. After many and high-frequency strokes, the gold leaf (wire) is embedded in the grid. The process is extremely time-consuming and labor-intensive.
06 Hammer
Tang Gilded Double Lion Pattern Silver Bowl, Shaanxi History Museum
Hammering (yè) is one of the main processes of traditional metal processing, which takes advantage of the softer texture of gold and silver to pound gold and silver into various shapes.
The hammering process first appeared in West Asia and the Middle East more than 2000 BC, and was widely used in the molding of gold and silverware. The kneading and molding can best reflect the characteristics and beauty of gold and silver products. In addition, the utensils made by the hammer method are less materials than the casting consumed, and unlike the casting utensils, which requires the division of labor and cooperation of many people, it is extremely popular in the production of gold and silver.
Most of the gold and silver ware excavated from the Tang Dynasty excavated by archaeology are hammered and shaped, which shows the great influence of them.
furthermore
And filigree filigree...
So many "tricks"
07 Filigree inlay
Filigree inlaid jin ou yonggu cup replica
Filigree inlay, also known as fine gold craftsmanship, is to draw gold and silver into filaments, bend and outline into various shapes to inlay agate, green feathers and various colors of red sapphires.
For more than 2,000 years, filigree inlays have been used by the court. A fine filigree inlay handicraft, often a combination of a variety of processes, the production process is more complex, first of all to make a tire shape, applied to filigree, shovel, hammer and other processes, and then by sintering, made of semi-finished products, and then after pickling, burning blue, gilded or silver plating, pressing, inlaid gemstones and so on.
And what made it to the peak was the crown decoration of the Tianzi Emperor.
Ming Dynasty Wanli Emperor Wing Good Crown
Empress Ming Xiaoduan was inlaid with jewels and phoenix crowns
08 Filigree
Filigree, one of the traditional pasting techniques of ancient metalworking. Gold and silver or other metal filaments, according to the bending of the ink pattern, are pinched into a pattern and bonded to the utensils, which is called filigree.
The origin of filigree technology is very early and may be related to the bezel setting technology of the precious metal gold process. Filigree enamel originated in ancient Persia and matured in the fifth and sixth centuries. It was later transmitted from Persia to Arabia, the Eastern Roman Empire and other places, at least in the Liao Dynasty. The earliest filigree craft artifacts found in China are a pair of filigree flower crown golden hairpins from the Khitan Museum of the Left Banner of Bahrain.
Filigree corolla golden hairpin
09 Reticle
Qinglei silk nail set, Qing Palace old collection
Reticle, also known as "flower work" or "pattern", is the most delicate metal craft. It is to pull gold and silver into silk, and then braid it into braids or various mesh tissues, and then weld it to the utensils, which is called thread.
The thread process looks golden and luxurious, the most valuable of which is the gold wire, that is, made of pure gold wire, followed by silver gilded wire, silver wire, copper gilded wire and so on. The metal is a flake material, they are processed into filigree, and then various exquisite weaving shapes are carried out, and the details are handled to the extreme, which shows the difficulty.
The transaction price of Lace jewelry now ranges from tens of thousands of yuan to hundreds of thousands of yuan, and the varieties are mostly hair accessories, followed by earrings, bracelets and so on.
10 Fried beads
The Northern Dynasty Golden Step Shakes the Crown
Fried beads, one of the traditional crafts of ancient metalwork. Dropping the gold solution into warm water will form gold beads of different sizes, which are called fried beads.
Fried beads were an important inlaid decorative technique for gold products in the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang people vividly named it "Golden Millet". Despite their name, these beads are much smaller than corn, usually only about 1 millimeter in diameter.
The metal beading process, which has been widely spread in the four ancient civilizations, is the most common jewelry decoration method before the metal welding technology is widely used. As early as the 1st century BC, it has been widely used in jewelry making. It is often used with filigree, weaving, and inlaying, a process that has already appeared in the Han Dynasty and is still popular in the Tang Dynasty.
11 Hammer flowers
Qingjin chrysanthemum flat pot, Qing Palace old collection
Zàn flower is a process in which a set of hammers with various basic shapes is used to hammer the hammers to make the metal surface appear concave and convex patterns.
The process of engraving flowers began in the late Spring and Autumn period, prevailed in the Warring States, and is still used today. Unlike engraving and engraving, the metal is not subtracted during the engraving process.
The pattern pattern is carved by means of hammer and grab, and the ever-changing relief pattern is processed on the metal through specific techniques such as yang, yin and flat hammer. The artistic appeal of the hammer pattern, from which comes ...
Northern Song Dynasty Golden Plate of Flowers
About the handicraft of gold and silverware,
There's a lot to savor
While knowing them
We might as well start with the ones that interest you most
Learn about its thousands of years of historical traces
Pass on the memory of this beauty
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-The above images are from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original author-