In the course of the universe's history, time is essentially irrelevant. Stars were born, they lived, they died; billions of years passed, in vast spaces, and no one noticed. Einstein told us that time is really important only when someone is influenced by it. In this list, we'll look at events or inventions that basic science can be measured to less than 1 second.
The 10 historical events of friendly countries are viewed in completely different ways
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" >10 extinction event – effects of Mesozoic asteroids</h1>
At the last extinction event, at the end of the Mesozoic Era, 66 million years ago, a mountain-sized asteroid hit Earth at a speed of 40,000 miles per hour. Its magnitude is about 100 trillion tons of TNT. Scientist Joanna Morgan said: "At 600 miles from the site of the impact, anything would be killed by a fireball in an instant or in seconds. "In the blink of an eye, one of the most catastrophic events in Earth's history began. Of course, destruction is not limited to immediate destruction. The long-term effect is the 75% extinction of dinosaurs and all species on Earth. [1]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" >9 conscious thinking</h1>
Archimedes was working on the question of whether the golden crown was made of pure gold, and when Archimedes got up from the bathtub, he shouted, "Eureka! "Running naked in the street. He realized that when he sat down, the water rose, and the buoyancy in his body was equivalent to the weight of the water being transferred. He now had a way to measure the amount of gold on the crown using his own "Archimedes principle."
While Archimedes had been struggling to solve this problem for some time, his 'Eureka' moment came for an apparent moment. Studies of neurons responding to stimuli have shown that it takes the brain 300 to 500 milliseconds (half a second) to respond and send signals to the body. The next time you get lost in your daydreams, maybe the next great invention will come to mind. It happens so fast, try writing it down! [2]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" >8 bullets that killed Lincoln</h1>
On April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln and his wife enjoyed "Our American Cousins" at Ford's Theater in Washington. John Wilkes Booth slipped into a private box and fired a shot from a 44-caliber Driunger pistol into the back of Lincoln's head. While it took Lincoln about 9 hours to expire, the process that led to his eventual death was much faster. Despite his small size, the bullet left the muzzle at an alarming rate after the trigger. When the gun's hammer hits the firing pin, the bullet flows out at a rate of 500 to 700 feet per second. The bullet was passed from one barrel to another, taking about a thousandth of a second. While fairly slow in the pistol field (some can now reach 2,000 feet per second), Driunger is still fast enough to take advantage of the honest Abe. [3]
Thomas Edison wasn't the first to try to light up a room with electricity. In 1802, Humphrey Davey invented the first electric lamp, called the "arc lamp". However, it didn't last long and was too bright for everyday use. In 1874, Toronto medical electricians Henry Woodward and Matthew Evans installed their luminaires between nitrogen-filled glass cylinder electrodes with different types of carbon rods. They couldn't sell their inventions and eventually sold their patents to Edison. Edison will continue to refine their work and revolutionize the light bulb.
On December 31, 1879, Edison flipped a switch that caused an electric current to pass through the wires at nearly the speed of light (186,000 miles per second in a vacuum). Although the light bulbs used by Edison 140 years ago may take a second or two to fully ignite, the most historic lighting since the discovery of the fire took just one second to begin. [4]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18">6 Radio First wireless message crossed the Atlantic</h1> Ocean
Using Samuel Morse's code, the telegram required a key, a battery, a wire, and a pole. The Daily Telegraph has been in use for about 50 years, and Guglielmo Marconi invented his wireless version. At the end of the 19th century, Marconi sent wireless messages through the Atlantic, proving everyone wrong.
Beginning in 1894, Marconi began transmitting signals over short distances, eventually crossing the English Channel in 1899. Finally, on December 12, 1901, Marconi received a message from England in Canada. The message is simple: the Morse code signal of the letter 's'. This transmission does not follow the curvature of the Earth, as some have suggested, but reflects out of the ionosphere and back to Canada. Radio waves travel at the speed of light. Considering atmospheric interference, transmission is almost instantaneous. [5]
10 important things you won't believe we managed to lose forever
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" >5 Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosions</h1>
The two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in 1945 — the "Little Boy" of Hiroshima and the "Fat Man" of Nagasaki — immediately changed the course of World War II. These bombs have wreaked devastating damage that has lasted for decades.
The little boy was a uranium fuel bomb that exploded with about 13 thousand tons of force. The "fat man" is powered by plutonium and produces 21 kilotons of energy. When a free neutron collides with the nucleus of an atom of radioactive material, it hits two or three neutrons again. This leads to an energy release, with the newly released neutrons hitting more nuclei. This chain reaction of energy release spreads almost instantaneously. Free neutrons propagate at around 3% of the speed of light. After calculating the number of epochs required for the chain reaction, the whole process takes about 1 microsecond, or one millionth of a second. The physicists at Los Alamos nicknamed it "Shake" this time, just like "Shake a Sheep's Tail as Fast." In just two shaking, 60,000 to 80,000 people were burned in Hiroshima and 40,000 in Nagasaki. [6]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="26" >4 transistor switching speed</h1>
The transistor was invented in late 1947 as a product of the electronic industrial revolution of the 20th century. Inventors William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Bratton were eventually awarded the Nobel Prize for their efforts.
These early germanium transistors switched at speeds of 60 gHz, which meant that the switch required 20 nanoseconds (20 billion seconds). Improvements such as conversion from germanium to silicon, and the manufacture of digital transistors (transistor chips with built-in resistors) have greatly improved the capabilities of transistors. Today, the fastest switching transistors can operate at a staggering 800 GHz or more. [7]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="29" > 3 First information on the Internet</h1>
On October 29, 1969, researchers at UCLA used an experimental connection called ARPANET to send the first message on a networked computer. The information received by the Stanford researchers was "LO." It is designed to read "Login" because this is the password of the system, but after the system crashes, it takes only two letters.
Both schools recently installed interface message processors, or routers as we know them now. Once Stanford gets the IMP, there will be a high-speed line connecting the two. There is now a two-node network that allows people to access resources on computers at one school using another school's computer. At that time the line speed of ARPANET was 50 kilobits per second. If a byte has 8 bits, then two letters in the alphabet need 16 bits. After a period of mathematical operation, we get information that has about 10,000 seconds in the transmission time. No wonder we are so angry today, because on the Internet... Loading a page on it can even take a few seconds. They set the bar very high in 1969! [8]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="33" >2 search engine results</h1>
Archie was created in 1990 and is widely regarded as the first search engine. There are so many ways to use Archie to narrow down your search, it takes much longer to select all the different parameters than it takes to return search results. Archie—and eventually friends Veronica and Juhead—had only the ability to search for titles and descriptions; neither of them indexed the contents of any document they found.
In the following years, more search engines appeared, but it wasn't until 1994 that Web Crawler began searching the full text of all indexed pages. We all remember a time using Lycos, Excat, Altavista, asking Jeeves. We also remember that dialing and waiting seemed forever (really, only a few painful seconds) for our results.
When Google jumped ship in the late '90s, they started using an algorithm that had high value in page rankings. Today, Google is basically a mess peddling censorship in cash, but running search for almost any modern search engine, it almost always takes less than a second. Great search sites like DuckDuckGo don't reveal that their methods can give us results so fast, but what does it matter when it's so fast? [9]
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="37" >1 supernova</h1>
There is evidence that supernovae in the universe are ultimately responsible for sowing galaxies, solar systems, and our small blue spheres. Scientists measured the remnants of the Cassiopeia A explosion in 1680, which included calcium, sulfur, silicon, iron, and the most abundant oxygen. They found small amounts of phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen. Everything necessary to create DNA is present. A supernova closer to home could cause lightning strikes of such magnitude that it would alter the dynamics of the terrain, driving our ancestors out of the trees and forcing them to quickly adapt to new environments.
The most common type of supernova is core collapse. When a star reaches 10 to 50 times the mass of the Sun, the hydrogen runs out and it begins to burn out its helium. It burns through successive elements on the periodic table until it gets iron, which it cannot burn. Nothing could stop its core from collapsing, with the outer edge collapsing at 23% (70,000 meters per second) at the speed of light. After a quarter of an hour, the remaining material bounces off the core, forming the initial stage of the shock wave.
Over the past thousand years, humans have been able to look up at the sky and witness three different supernovae. We've come down from the trees, and if the next one we see is close enough to us, everyone had better learn to swim