Personally, I read the version of Zhu Xi's Collected Poems
Zhu Xi's "Biography of Poetry Collections" consists of five parts: "Poetry Collection Transmission Sequence", "Poetry Transmission Program", "Poetry Preface Debate", "Poetry Volume" and "Appendix". The Preface to the Poetry Collection is a preface written by Zhu Xi himself, written in the form of a question, answering the four questions of the reasons for the emergence of the Poem, the role of the Poem, the reasons for the different styles of fengya hymns, and how to learn the Poem; the "Poetry Transmission Program" is Zhu Xi's transcription and interpretation of the content of the poems of his predecessors, thinking of the program, including the "Poetry Preface", "Shu Shundian", "Zhou Li Master", "Li Ji Wang System", "Analects", "Mencius Wanzhang" and other works, in addition to some views of Ercheng, Zhang Zai, and Xie Liangzuo; The "Poetry Preface Argument" is Zhu Xi's refutation of the content of the "Poetry Preface", first listing the original text, then arguing and refuting more; the "Poetry Volume" is the main text of the "Poetry Collection Biography", and the original text of the "Book of Poetry" is integrated with Zhu Zi's annotations; the "Appendix" is some of the writings and preface texts on the "Poetry Collection Biography" collected by scholars and bibliophiles of the past generations.
In addition, the first three works, song ben "biography of poetry" is not included, this book editor for the convenience of readers, with the original as the base and proofread with other books to include.
Zhu Xi gives a brief overview of the development of the Preface to Poetry and the reasons for its writing at the beginning of the Poetry Collection. Regarding the author of the "Preface to the Poems", he thought that "Mao Gong began to divide the first of the various chapters, which was before Mao Gong, which had been passed down for a long time, and Hong (Wei Hong) was particularly enlarged and polished." Regarding the reason for the writing, he said: "Now that I examine his first sentence, he has no intention of being a poet, and he who speaks in a vain manner follows the error of the clouds. However, in the beginning, juscius will claim to be out of the selfishness of the imagination, not through this article, so it is a compilation of its own, do not attach the scriptures. He rejected the speculation of his predecessors to understand poetry, and advocated understanding poetry from the text, which was the foothold of his rebuttal of the "Preface to Poetry", but he did not deny the "Preface to Poetry" in its entirety, but critically inherited it. He said: "The disease of foolishness has been so long that it has never been far away, and in the meantime it may have been able to teach the evidence and cannot be abolished, so it is quite adopted to attach it to the "Biography", and it is reproduced into a compilation to return its old, because it is discussed in the clouds of gain and loss." ”
The main text of the "Poetry Preface Argument" first lists the original text of the "Poetry Preface", and then appends Zhu Zizhi's argument, among which there are those who oppose the judgment of the "Poetry Order" from the poetic and historical facts, and some agree with the views of the "Poetry Order"; there are also those who agree with the views of the "Poetry Order".
Taking "Wang Feng" as an example, in the four articles of "Huang Li", "Junzi Yangyang", "Yang Zhishui", and "Zhonggu Youli", the "Poetry Preface" evaluates Zhu Zi to agree, "Rabbit" is one, and the "Poetry Preface" comments: "Min Zhouye." The King of Huan was untrustworthy, the princes were betrayed, the grievances were caused, the king was injured and defeated, and the gentleman was not happy with his life. Zhu Zi expressed partial agreement and made a statement, saying: "The phrase 'a gentleman is not happy to live' is obtained, Yu Jieyan said." It refers to the Huan King, according to the Spring and Autumn Chronicle of Zheng Bo not dynasty, the king with the princes of Zheng, Zheng Bo Yuzhi, the king of the great defeat, zhu to shoot the king in the shoulder. However, it is not done to see this poem as it is. ”
Regarding the five articles of "Gentleman in Service", "Ge Xue", "Cai Ge", "Big Che", and "Hemp in the Hills", Zhu Zi thought that the "Preface to the Poem" was wrong. For example, "Gentleman in Service", "Preface to the Poem": "Thorn Ping Wang Ye." The gentleman's service is indefinite, and the doctor thinks about his danger and is difficult to wind. Zhu Zi retorted: "This countryman is in service, and the room family reads the words." The prologue is incorrect. His title of 'King of Thorn Ping' has not been examined. Another example is "Cai Ge", "Preface to the Poem"; "Fear of slander." Zhu Zi retorted: "The passage of this obscene poem belongs to the "Big Che", and its affairs are similar to those of Cai Tang, Cai Feng, and Cai Mai, and its words are exactly the same as those of "Zheng Zi Yuan", and the "Preface" is wrong. ”
"Chuan" is the meaning of transmission, referring to the words of the commentators to interpret the meaning of the scriptures, the so-called "collection of transmission" that is, the meaning of "collection of notes", the collection of notes from each family, to identify, choose the good and follow, and occasionally make their own wishes. Zhu Xi took Mao and Zheng, and also collected the three families of Qi, Lu, and Han, and also absorbed the interpretations of many contemporary scholars. For problems that are not grasped, they are marked with "unspecified" without forced solutions, which reflects Zhu Zi's down-to-earth and rigorous academic attitude.
The Collected Poems is a total of 20 volumes, the main text includes the introduction of the country name (national geography, historical conditions), the original text of the Book of Poetry, Zhuyin, Fu Bixing technique annotation, word interpretation, sentence interpretation, chapter interpretation, general comment on the style of a country, etc., in the interpretation of the words and sentences, many other scholars' views are quoted, such as Lü Zuqian, Su Rui, Zhang Zai, etc. It basically abolished the inscription of the "Preface to Mao's Poems" and only started from the text of the "Book of Poetry" to explore the original meaning of the poem.
Zhu Xi denied the long tradition of "beautiful thorns" and put forward the theoretical ideas of "poetry" to encompass morality and cultivate one's family. As he discussed in the Preface to the Poetry Collection about the path of learning poetry: "The "Two Souths" of Ben seek its end, the countries of the world to do their best to change, just to "Ya" to make its rules bigger, and to "Ode" to stop it, the great purpose of this study of "Poetry" is also." Therefore, the chapters and sentences are based on the outline, the exhortation is based on the discipline, the satire is based on the changzhi, the implication is the body, the disposition is subtle, and the beginning of the trial of words and deeds is the beginning of the cardinal, then the self-cultivation and the home, the average way of the world, and do not wait for him to ask for it. ”
Zhu Xi inherited the saying of his predecessors that "the style is elegant and changing", taking the "Ernan" as the "positive wind" and the remaining thirteen "National Winds" as the "changing wind", looking at the "Ernan" as the king of composition, and vigorously praising the victory of King Dehua of Wen. He said in the "Preface to the Poetry Collection": "I have heard that the so-called "wind" of the "poem" is mostly from the works of the songs and ballads of the lanes, the so-called male and female phases and chants, and each of them speaks his lover. However, "Zhou Nan" and "Zhao Nan" were personally transformed into virtue by King Wen, and everyone had the righteousness of his temperament. In the main text, this view is implemented into the interpretation of the chapter, such as the first sentence of "Peach Dream", "Peach of Death, burning its glory." The son of Yu Gui, it is advisable to his room family", Zhu Zi explained as "the transformation of king Wen, his own family and the country, men and women to be right, marriage to time." Therefore, the poet, because of what he saw, sighed at the wisdom of his woman, and knew that he would have a suitable room. ”
The first sentence of "Han Guang" "There are trees in the south, and there is no rest." Han has a wandering girl, and it is impossible to think. The vastness of Han is incomprehensible. The eternal nature of the river is incomprehensible. "Zhu Zi's interpretation" of the transformation of King Wen, from near and far, first between Jiang and Han, and there is a custom of changing his fornication. Therefore, the daughter of his travels, people see it, and know that he is dignified and quiet, and he can not be asked for the day before. Because of the rise of trees, Jiang Han is compared, and repeated chants are also. In the general commentary of "Zhou Nan", it is even said: "According to this first five poems, all the virtues of the concubine are said." "Guan Ju" refers to its whole as a whole, "Ge Qin" and "Roll Ear" say that their ambitions and deeds are in their own hands, and "Qimu" and "Ant" are beautiful and beneficial to people, all of which refer to their own things. Although its words are mainly based on the concubines, in fact, they are all the same as the effects of the Mingwen King's cultivation of the family. As for "Peach Dream", "Rabbit", and "Amaranth", it is the effect of family unity and national governance. "Han Guang" and "Ru Tomb" are attached to the poems of the southern country, and the world has been gradually peaceful. If "The Toe of Lin", then the king's Rui, there are non-human and self-caused, so the repetition is the end, and the preamblers think that 'the response of "Guan Ju" should also be. So far, the virtue of the concubine is not helpless. But if the wife's path is not successful, how can she be devoted? The person who said the "poem" may be a concubine who specializes in beauty, but not the king of Wen, and he is also wrong. The virtue of the queen concubine praised in the "Preface to the Poem" is attributed to the result of the transformation of King Wen, and in the general commentary of "ZhaoNan", the transformation of King Wen is extended to more people and wider places: "From "Que's Nest" to "Cai Apple", Lady Yan and the eldest husband and wife, in order to see that the monarch and doctor at that time were transformed by King Wen, and they could cultivate themselves to correct their family business. Below the "Gantang", see also by the Fang Bo Neng Bu wen King, and the monarch can repair the house and his kingdom. Although its words do not reach the King of Wen, the merits of King Mingde and Xinmin are the best of his duty. ”
Zhu Xi's interpretation of the themes of the verses of the Book of Poetry is often different from that of the Book of Poetry, and even his views in the Commentary on the Preface to the Poems and the views in the main text of the Book of Poetry are discordant. For example, "Zheng Feng Feng" said in the "Poetry Preface Discernment": "This obscene poem, the preface is wrong. And in the interpretation of the main text, it is said: "The man whom the woman expects is a man who is in the alley, and the woman who does not obey with a different will, both repents of it, and the work is poetry." The reason for this difference is that the Siku Quanshu General Catalogue and The Biography of the Collected Poems explains: "The Notes on the "Poems" are also two drafts, and those who are called 'Zhu Shi Yue' in Lü Zuqian's "Reading Poems" are all their first drafts, and they say that the Quanzong "Small Preface" was later changed from Zheng Qiaozhi's theory, which is for the present version. The preface of the volume was written in the fourth year of Chunxi, and there is not a word to rebuke the "Preface", the first draft of Gaiyu... "Zhou Song Feng Nian" chapter "Small Preface", "Discernment" is extremely wrong, and the "Collected Biography" is still said in "Small Preface", inconsistent before and after, and the deletion and correction of the old manuscript are also incomplete. Zhou Zhongfu of the Qing Dynasty also said in volume VIII of the Zhengtang Reading Book: "Gai Qi's first draft also used the "Small Preface", and later competed with DongLai, so he changed to the "Poetry Discernment" of Zheng Qiao and abolished the Small Preface. Therefore, there are "Discernments" attacking "Small Sequences", and "Collected Biographies" are chased and changed one by one. ”
Of course, compared with modern people's interpretation of the Book of Poetry, Zhu Xi's interpretation also has many of his limitations, which are mainly reflected in the "National Style", especially the view of love poetry. He denounced it as "poems of obscenity", "words of adulteresses", "stabbing fornication", and so on, such as "Zao You Bitter Leaves" and "Jing Nu" in "Shao Feng"; "Sang Zhong" and "Cockroach" in "Gong Feng"; "Cai Ge" and "Big Che" in "Wang Feng"; "Will Zhongzi", "Zun Da Lu", "There are women with the car", "Shan You Fu Su", "Xi Xi", "Cunning Boy", "Qiao Xie", "Wind and Rain", "Zi Zhen", "Yang Zhi Shui", "Out of its East Gate", "Qin Huan", etc., especially "Zheng Feng", etc., especially "Zheng Feng" Of the twenty-one articles in the COMMUNIST TOTAL, there are twelve "obscene poems." (Poems of Obscenity: "Jingnu", "Cockroach", "Caige", "Big Che", "Will Zhongzi", "ZiYuan", "Yang Zhishui", "Out of its East Gate", "Qinhuo"; Words of Adulterous Women: "Mountain Youfu Su", "Xi Xi", "Cunning Boy", "Qiao Bao", "Wind and Rain"; Thorn Fornication: "Dagger has bitter leaves"; Obscene and abandoned: "Wei Feng Xun", "Zheng Feng Zun Da Lu")
And similar themes appear in "Chen Feng", the situation is different, "Chen Feng" has five love poems in the ten articles, he called it "the words of men and women meeting" and "the words of men and women pleasing to each other and thinking of each other", mainly embodied in the "East Gate of the Fang", "The Pool of the East Gate", "The Yang of the East Gate", "Preventing the Magpie's Nest", "The Moonrise", "Zepi" five articles. For this situation, Zhu Zi quoted Dong Lai Lu's words: "'Changing wind' is finally Chen Ling. How evil is the poetry of a man and a woman in the meantime? A: There is heaven and earth and then there are all things, there are all things and then there are men and women, there are men and women and then there are couples, there are couples and then there are fathers and sons, there are fathers and sons and then there are kings and subjects, there are kings and then there are up and down, there are up and down and then there are etiquette and righteousness. Men and women, the basis of the three principles, the first of all things. The reason why the 'right wind' is the right person, the reason why the person who lifts up the right one is also to persuade it. The reason why 'changing the wind' is a change, is to take precautions against those who are not right. The rise and fall of the Tao, the rule of chaos in the times, the prosperity of the world, the death and life of the people, and so it is. The trouble of recording, the repetition of the article, and what doubts! ”
The love between men and women is included in the etiquette, thus affirming the rationality of the existence of love poetry, but there are many criticisms of "Zheng Feng", and the reason may still be Confucius. Yan Yuan asked for the state, and the son said: "When you are in the summer, take the Yin ZhiRuo, serve the crown of Zhou, and the music is the "Shao" dance." Let go of Zheng Sheng, far away from the people. Zheng Sheng was obscene, and the people were destroyed. ("Analects of Wei Linggong") Zi Yue: "The evil purple snatched Zhu Ye, the evil ZhengSheng chaotic Yale Ye, and the evil Likou revived the state." (Analects of Yang Goods)
In the final general commentary, Zhu Xi even made a fierce accusation against "Zheng Feng": "Zheng and Wei Zhile are all obscene. However, according to the "Poems", the "Wei Poems" have nine out of thirty, and the poems of obscenity are only one of the four. "Zheng Poems" has one in twenty, and the poems of obscenity are no longer five of the seven. "Wei" is like a male pleasing word, and "Zheng" is a female confused male language. Wei Ren Judo sneered at the intention of punishment, and Zheng Ren was almost ashamed and repentant. It is zheng sheng's fornication, which is more than Wei Yi.e., Therefore, the master's theory is a state, and Zheng Sheng is the precept alone, not as well as Wei, and the weightlifting is covered, so the free stage is also. "Poetry" can be observed, don't you believe it! In his view, Zheng Wei's voice is also an "obscene voice", and Zheng Sheng is even more obscene than Wei, the reason is that the love poems in "Zheng Feng" are more than "Wei Feng", and in terms of content, "Zheng Feng" is too obscene, and "Wei Feng" still has the content of exhortation and irony.
Zhu Xi was influenced by Wu Tangye's theory of ye rhyme, and used this method to annotate the Book of Poetry, temporarily changing the pronunciation of a word in order to rhyme. Some of the pronunciations used today are quite different. Privately, I think that in addition to the reasons for the development stage of phonology itself, there may also be a reflection of the pronunciation of the Zhu Xi dialect.