In 270 BC, the State of Qin attacked the Zhao State of Fu and the region. Zhao Guo sent Zhao Hao to fight against the Qin army, and Zhao Hao flexibly used tactics to defeat the Qin army. The myth of the invincibility of the Qin army in the field was broken, and Zhao Hao's fame in the world was even more allusion to the "narrow road meets the brave to win". So the question is, does Zhao Hao really win by courage? After analyzing this war, Jiang Lang believes that courage is important, but courage is reckless, and blindly believing that "the narrow road meets the brave wins" is the gambler mentality. And Zhao Hao did not win entirely by courage, but more by wisdom.
The cause of the outbreak of the Battle of Fu and The War
Before the battle, fu and the state of Zhao and the state of Qin reached a land exchange agreement, which was roughly the content of which was that the state of Qin ceded the three lands of Lishi, Lin, and Qi to the state of Zhao, and the state of Zhao ceded Li, Jiao, and Niuhu to the state of Qin.
This agreement is fair and reasonable, both sides take what they need, and there is no alliance under the city.
Why did the two sides reach such an agreement? This is an agreement subject to geographical issues.
As shown in the figure, the three places of Lishi, Lin and Qi are the land on the east bank of the Yellow River (ps: Lishi, Lin and Qi are adjacent, and because the other two places are vaguely recorded, only the location of the lishi is indicated. ）。 The occupation of Lishi by the State of Qin was very unfavorable to the State of Zhao, because the State of Qin was likely to use this as a springboard to directly attack Jinyang. Jinyang was an important city of the Zhao State, and was once regarded as the capital of the Zhao State, second only to Handan. If Jinyang was lost, the Qin empire quickly swept across the Shanxi Plain, and then deployed a defense system according to the Taihang Mountains. This loss was unbearable for the Zhao State, because this loss would make the Zhao State a second-rate state, and the land would be reduced by almost one-half.
The State of Zhao was unable to sweep away the Qin army on the east bank of the Yellow River, and could only continuously deploy a defensive system to defend Jinyang.
However, the deployment of the defense system is expensive, and the Taiyuan Plain is almost unlimitedly defendable, and the cost of defending it is too great.
In order to solve the problem of Jinyang, zhao proposed to the state of Qin that the three lands of Li, Jiao, and Niuhu be ceded to the state of Qin, and then returned to the three places of Lishi.
As shown in the figure, the location of Li, Jiao, and Niuhu is very important (ps: Li, Jiao, and Niuhu are adjacent, and because the other two places are vaguely recorded, only the location of Li is marked), because the Qin army can directly approach Wu'an after occupying Li, and then the army is up to the capital of the Zhao state (Handan). Moreover, the State of Qin could also go north to attack Fu He, relying on the Taihang Mountains to divide the State of Zhao into two, and when the Two Kingdoms of Zhao could not respond, the State of Qin could safely attack Jinyang, and the Taiyuan Plain was within reach. For the Qin State, this transaction is stable and profitable. When Qin Guo saw that Zhao Guo had sent all the princes of the clan room, he was so sincere and tempting, so he quickly reached an agreement with Zhao Guo and handed over the three places away from Shi to Zhao Guo. However, he did not expect that Zhao Guo tore up the agreement after getting the stone, quickly strengthened Li's defense system, and claimed to the outside world that King Zhao would not cut land, and this kind of land-cutting agreement was made by traitors, so it was not counted.
Qin Guo reacted instantly, wasn't this the trick that Zhang Yiyi tricked the King of Chu Huai?
Zhao Guo actually mastered Yi's long skills to control Yi, and used this trick to pit himself.
King Zhao of Qin was furious, so he sent Hu Yu to lead the Qin army to attack fu and the region, trying to take over the three places of Li, Jiao, and Niuhu.
Hu Qi, who had co-commanded the Battle of Huayang with Bai Qi, had actual combat experience in long-distance raids, and was the second in command of the Qin army, second only to Bai Qi. There is nothing wrong with letting him command this battle, then the Qin State will have a new God of War, even if there is an accident in the white, the Qin State will also have a spare tire to use.
Fuhe was the link between the two major plates of Handan and Jinyang, and if the Qin state captured this area, it could deploy defenses along the Taihang Mountains and attack the Taiyuan Plain in a big way.
There was nothing wrong with the deployment of the Qin state, and the strategic objectives and the selection of generals were all inappropriate.
Many people think that the qin state does not have to rise up in vain as the main reason for its failure, but how can the major affairs of the military state all depend on one person? In case something happens to Bai Qi, what will happen to the Qin State? Overwhelmed by the whole country?
Qin Guo's support for Hu Injury also has a certain rationality, even the car needs a spare tire, let alone a country.
The course of the Battle of Fu and Fu
In 269 BC, King Zhao of Qin sent Hu Wound to attack Fu and the region, and at the same time sent suspected troops to the west of Wu'an, creating the illusion that the Qin state wanted to attack Wu'an, so as to contain the Zhao army and prevent it from fully assisting Fu He.
King Zhao Huiwen asked Lian Po: Can Fu and be saved?
Lian Po: The road is far and dangerous, and it cannot be saved.
King Zhao Huiwen asked Le Cheng: Can Fu and be saved?
Happy Ride: The road is long and dangerous, no.
King Huiwen of Zhao asked Zhao Hao again: Can Fu you save it?
Zhao Hao: Can be saved, narrow road meets the brave to win!
Zhao Hao said that he could be saved, could he really be saved? In fact, Zhao Hao was not sure if he could save Fu He, but he was accurate to King Zhao's mind.
King Zhao first asked Lian Po, and then asked Le Cheng, and these generals said no, and normal people must have understood what it meant. The generals' meaning is very direct, that is, they cannot be saved. But King Zhao wanted to save it, and the general couldn't get the answer he wanted here, so he went to the civilian official and asked.
Before the Battle of Fu and Zhao, Zhao Hao was not a famous general, but a minister from a financial cadre. King Zhao went to ask him, which was the obvious "urgent illness and chaos to go to the doctor."
But Zhao Hao understood very well that if King Zhao insisted so much, he must have wanted to save Fu He. If he said he couldn't, King Zhao would continue to ask until he asked someone who could save Fu He. Instead of this, it is better to take on this task yourself, give it a fight, maybe the bicycle can become a BMW.
As soon as King Zhao heard him say that he could be saved, he quickly took up his post and asked Zhao Hao to save Fu He.
After Zhao Hao took office, there were two major questions, that is, who to save? At that time, the State of Qin was attacking FuHe, and at the same time sent suspected soldiers to the west side of Wu'an. These suspicious soldiers have been waving the flag, making people look as if they are thousands of troops and horses, and Zhao Guo can't tell the difference between the real and the unreal.
Is the real purpose of the Qin state Fu he or Handan? If the Qin army in the Wu'an area is a suspicious soldier, then the Qin army that attacked the Fu and regions is the main force. If the Qin army attacking the Fu and regions is a suspicious soldier, then the Qin army in the Wu'an area is the main force. If the main force of the Zhao state went to save Fu He, then the Qin state might attack Wu'an on a large scale. If Zhao Guo's main force went to save Wu'an, then Fu He would be unlucky.
In the case of not being able to distinguish between the real and the false, the general will generally choose to divide the soldiers into two roads, one way to attack the suspected soldiers, and the other to meet the main force. But this will lead to the dispersion of military power, and it is very likely that no one can be saved.
At that time, someone inside the army suggested saving Wu'an, and Zhao Hao beheaded this person as soon as he heard this. After that, he sent troops dozens of miles west of Handan, not to save Fu He, nor to save Wu An, creating a timid look, so that the Qin State mistakenly believed that zhao Guo just wanted to stick to Handan.
Zhao Yu held it for 28 days, and the Qin army thought that Zhao Jun would not go to save Fu He, so he relaxed his vigilance and thought that Fu and non-Zhao Diye were also.
And Zhao Hao also understood the intentions of the Qin army, the Qin army on the west side of Wu'an just shouted slogans and did not fight Wu'an, but the Qin army in Fu and the region had been bleeding and besieging the city.
The logistical expenses of the Qin State Labor Division Expedition were far greater than those of the Zhao State, so it was unlikely that a protracted war would be fought. The Qin army on the west side of Wu'an had not moved, and it was likely that he had deliberately restrained him and made it impossible for him to support Fu He. So Zhao Hao suddenly let the army march in a hurry, and forced the army to the vicinity of Fuhe day and night (less than 50 miles away from Fuhe).
Why didn't Zhao Hao rush directly to FuHe? Zhao Hao's army traveled a long way and was very tired, and it was very likely that the Direct Attack on the Qin Army would fail. Zhao Hao was 50 miles away from Fu, and he obviously wanted to threaten the Qin army. If the Qin army continues to attack the city, Zhao Hao is likely to attack the Qin army with Fu and the defenders, and perform a "central blossom" tactic. If the Qin army wants to attack Zhao Hao, then the Qin army will have to run 50 miles, and the Zhao army will become a person who waits for work. Zhao Hao is worthy of being from the financial department, and his abacus is shrewd.
The Qin army in the Wu'an area found that Zhao Hao rescued Fu He and then rushed to the Fu and areas, and the Zhao army may be attacked by the Qin army in the Fu and areas and the Qin army in the Wu'an area, and the situation is very dangerous. At this time, the counselor advised him to garrison the mountain, and then condescended to attack the Qin army. Zhao Hao quickly adopted the counselor's advice and sent people to attack the commanding heights of The North Mountain. When the Qin army arrived, the Zhao army was already rested, and the Qin army was very tired, plus the commanding heights were seized, and the army's will to fight was very weak.
Zhao Hao took advantage of his condescending superiority to attack the Qin army, and the Qin army quickly collapsed, and the siege of Fu was lifted. Once bitten by a snake, ten years afraid of well rope. After this great defeat, the State of Qin did not dare to act rashly for several years, for fear of repeating the same mistakes. Zhao Hao broke the myth of the invincibility of the qin state in the field war, and became famous in the world in the first world, and was named Ma Fujun by the Zhao state, sitting on an equal footing with Lian Po and others. After this battle, Hu Injury disappeared, as if it disappeared out of thin air in the history books, and many people believe that Hu Injury also died in this battle, otherwise the Qin State would not be so jealous of the Zhao State.
Thinking about the reasons for Zhao Hao's victory
Why did Zhao Hao win? Is it by courage? No, Zhao Hao only relied on courage to gain military power. In operational command, Zhao Hao did not rely on courage to command, but on wisdom.
Zhao Hao had his troops stationed in western Handan for 28 days, during which time he ate and drank well, that is, he did not let the soldiers fight. Zhao Guomin is a martial artist, and the soldiers are even more advocating war. But Zhao Hao suppressed the soldiers' war-loving mood for 28 days, why? In order to let the army accumulate this emotion and then explode in a moment. You let a person go to dinner, and you make a person hungry for three days and then eat, the amount of food for these two people is absolutely different.
And the Qin army failed to defeat Fu He for 28 days, what does the "Cao Jie Controversy" say? One drum blows, then declines, three exhausts. The Qin army was exhausted at once, then declined, and exhausted three times, and by the third place it was already exhausted, not to mention that the Qin state had reached 28. One was the demoralized Qin army, and the other was the strong war-loving Zhao army, and the two armies were not equal in morale.
In ancient times, marching and fighting heavily relied on the formation, and the morale of the Zhao army attacked the Qin army, and once the Qin army formation was dispersed, it could only be reduced to a slaughtered lamb. Don't fantasize about how strong it is to fight alone, the Qin army that has lost its formation can only scatter and flee under the impact of the Zhao army.
Moreover, Zhao Jun is really good at waiting for work, Zhao Jun is obviously a tired party, but Zhao Luxury can make Qin Jun a tired party.
Under normal circumstances, Zhao Jun is a tired fang, and the two famous generals Lian Po and Le Cheng both think that they can't save Fu He, why? It was because they thought that if Zhao Jun went to save Fu He, he would definitely have to cross the mountains and mountains, and when he arrived at Fu He, he would also be exhausted, and there was no combat effectiveness at all.
If Zhao Hao was also like a conventional battle, then the battle between Fu and Fu would definitely be very difficult. However, Zhao Hao broke the convention, he did not directly go to save Fu He, but instead restrained the Qin army near Fu He.
With the threat of Zhao Hao, the Qin army naturally could not attack the city with all its strength, and the siege could also be alleviated. If the Qin army attacked Zhao Luxury, it would definitely have to cross the mountains and mountains, and when it reached the location of Zhao Luxury's army, its physical strength would be greatly depleted and its combat effectiveness would be sharply reduced.
If the Qin army chose to rest in place, then the Zhao army would be more advantageous. The Zhao army and the Zhao luxury army in fu and the region could be rested, and when the two armies besieged the Qin army after the rest, the Qin army would be even more unlucky.
Many people blindly believe that Zhao Guo seized the geographical advantage to win, but in fact, Zhao Hao only sent 10,000 people to grab the commanding heights, and did not have the whole army stationed on the mountain. If the entire Army of the Zhao Army was stationed on the mountain, then the Qin Army might encircle the mountain and then stage a scene of "Siege of the Street Pavilion". Therefore, I personally believe that the seizure of Beishan is only a factor in the victory of the Zhao Army, and the most important and core factor in the victory of the Zhao Army is still attributed to the command of Zhao Hao.